Iris brandzae

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Iris brandzae
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:
I. brandzae
Binomial name
Iris brandzae
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzaeProd.

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris . It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae . It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii , but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

Iris brandzae is similar in form to Iris sintenisii, but with several differences, including leaf form, flower shape and spathe form. [2] [3] [4]

It has an (un-described) rhizome, [5] which can forms small clumps of plants. [6]

It has grass-like leaves that are very narrow, [7] [8] [9] erect, greenish blue, rough or scabrid (to the touch), and not evergreen. [2] [6] [10] They can grow up to between 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, [11] and 1.5–3.5 mm wide. [9] [10] [12] The leaves also have 2–5 prominent veins. [2] [10]

Unlike Iris sintenisii, [2] it has stems that are generally taller than the leaves, which can grow up to between 20–45 cm (8–18 in) tall. [5] [13] [14] The stems have strongly inflated, green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), [2] [4] [9] which also have prominent veining. [10]

It has flowers that are similar in form to other dwarf spurias. [6] and they have 2 terminal (top of stem) scented flowers, [11] that begin blooming in the spring, [6] [12] between April and May. [2] [5] [14] They come in shades of blue-violet, [6] deep-blue, [14] or blue-purple. [11]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [15] Compared to Iris sintenisii, they have narrow mid tepals (the claws) which are narrow. [3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a terracotta coloured seed capsule, in the fall (autumn). [12]

Genetics

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [15]

In 1948, an analysis was carried out by Tarnavschi, and published as 2n=10, [3] [10] which does not match with other spuria irises. [3] Other published counts are 2n=20. [2] [16]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet brandzae refers to botanist Dimitrie Brândză (1846–1895).

It is sometimes called Prodan Iris, [17] or Iris Brandzy in Russia. [5] [17]

It was originally published and described as Iris brandzae by Iuliu Prodan in Buletinul Gradinii Botanice si al Muzeului Botanic dela Universitatea din Cluj (Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj) Vol.15 page103 in 1935. [18] [19] [20]

It was also published by Czerep, in 1973 Svod Dopolm. Izmen Flora SSSR page301 and then by Geiderman in 1975, Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Mold SSR Ed2 page109. [16]

It was later published as Iris sintenisii Janka subsp. brandzae (Prod.) D.A. Webb & Chater by D.A. Webb & Chater in the 'Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society' (Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76.) in 1978,. [19] [20] It was thought to have a more limited geographical distribution than Iris sintenisii, around Romania. [2] It stayed like this for many years until the authors of the Romanian flora books ('Flora Ilustrata a Romanie' by Ciocarlan 2009 and 'Plante Vasculare din Romania. Determinator ilustrat de teren (Vascular Plants of Romania. An illustrated field guide)' by Sarbu, Stefan et Oprea 2013 [21] ) re-classified the taxon as an independent and separate species. [1]

Although some references still call it Iris sintenisii Janka subsp. brandzae. [22]

It has not yet been verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service as of February 2015.

Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae, as of February 2015 was a tentatively accepted name by the RHS. [23]

Distribution and habitat

Iris brandzea is native to Central Europe. [16]

Range

The original specimens were found in Romania. [4] [7] [9] It is also found in Moldavia, [3] [10] [16] Bessarabia, [2] [11] Asia Minor, [14] and the Carpathians, (in Central and Eastern Europe). [14] [16]

Although it is more rarely found, than Iris sintenisii. [13]

Specifically, it can be found on the plains of Romania and Moldova. [3]

Habitat

It grows in very different habitats to Iris sintenisii. It is a mesophyte (growing in neither dry or wet habitats). [3]

It grows in saline marshes or wet meadows, [2] [7] [9] [10] and forest glades. [16]

It has also been found in steppe forest woodland under Fraxinus pallisiae (ash trees). [3]

Conservation

In 2003, it (as Iris brandzae) was assessed as 'Rare' in the nature reserve of 'Padurea Harboanca' in Romania. [24]

Cultivation

Iris brandzae is hardy to USDA Zone 5. [6] It is also hardy in Ukraine. [20]

It prefers moist, well drained and humus rich soils. [14]

It prefers positions in semi-shade. [6] [14]

It is tolerant of wet springs and hot dry summers. [6]

Iris brandzae is grown in the Botanic Garden of Iasi Iași Botanical Garden, Romania. In the northern part of the garden, called The Section Moldavia Sylvosteppe, along with other plants such as; Crambe tataria , Echium rossicum , Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis , Beta trigyna , Dianthus capitatus , Artemisia austriaca , Achillea setacea , Astragalus onobrychis , Hyacinthella leucophaea , Plantago schwarzenbergiana , Rumex tuberosus ssp. tuberosus , Crocus reticulatus , Galium moldavicum , Paeonia tenuifolia and Amygdalus nana . [25]

Specimens can be found in Saratov State University, Russia. [26]

Specimens can be found growing in the Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University in Lithuania. [27]

Culture

2015 stamp Stamps of Romania, 2015-051.jpg
2015 stamp

In 1961, an illustration of Iris brandzae was used on a postage stamp in Romania. It was issued on 15 August 1961, as part of the series '100 years of Bucharest Botanical Garden'. [28] [29] [30]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria, or blue flag, is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Iris graminea</i> Species of iris

Iris graminea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the subgenus Limniris of the genus Iris, in particular the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with purple or violet blue flowers almost hidden by narrow, grass-like leaves, and a plum scented fragrance. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It has several common names, including grass-leaved flag, grass leaved iris, plum iris and plum tart iris. This species naturally occurs in the southern half of Europe, from Spain and France in the West to Russia and the Caucasus in the East.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

Iris farreri is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey-green leaves, long stem and 1 or 2 violet, lilac or light blue flowers. It has undergone several changes of name and series, before being left as Iris farreri.

Iris kerneriana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a small rhizomatous perennial plant, with fragrant, yellow flowers from Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and known as Kerner Iris or Kerner's Iris.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris notha</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

<i>Iris pontica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris pontica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a dwarf rhizomatous perennial plant from eastern Europe, the Causcasus region and Russia, with a short stem and violet-blue and white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> carthaliniae</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris arenaria</i> Species of plant

Sandy iris, or sand iris, is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Central Europe, found in Hungary, Austria, Romania, Czech Republic and Ukraine. It has grass-like leaves, a short stem and pale yellow flowers. It has had a mixed origin and was once Iris humilis subsp. arenaria, a subspecies of Iris humilis, until it was reclassified as a separate species. But many sources still state that it is either a synonym or subspecies of Iris humilis. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris aphylla</i> Species of plant

Iris aphylla is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Asia to Europe. It is found in Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania and France. It has dark green or bright green, sword-shaped, long grass-like leaves, that die/fade away in the winter. It also has a slender stem, with several branches and green and purplish spathes. It has 3–5 large flowers, in shades of bright purple, purple, violet, dark blue, blue-violet and dark violet, which bloom between spring and early summer. Occasionally, they re-bloom in the autumn, before the seed capsule is formed. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There is one known subspecies Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica Hegi.

<i>Iris aphylla <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> hungarica</i> Subspecies of plant

Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica is a plant subspecies in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris aphylla. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Carpathian Mountains and Pannonian Basin. Found within the countries of Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Italy. It has curved, pointed, thin leaves, slender stem, several large flowers in shades of purple, or dark purple, or violet-blue. It is a rare plant, that is protected by environmental law in the various countries of Europe.

<i>Iris pallida <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> illyrica</i> Species of plant

Iris pallida subsp. illyrica, synonym Iris pseudopallida, is a subspecies of Iris pallida. It is a rhizomatous perennial from Croatia. It has flat, curved of sickle-shaped leaves, tall slender stems, 3–8 fragrant flowers, in shades of violet, or pale violet flowers, mauve, lavender, purple, yellow or white, between May and June. The iris was originally thought to be a separate species, but later classified as subspecies of Iris pallida, although in Croatia, it is still known as Iris pseudopallida. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, especially in the Balkan regions.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

References

  1. 1 2 "Iris brandzae Prod. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 255, at Google Books
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  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thomas Gaskell Tutin (Editor) Flora Europaea, Volume 5 (1980) , p. 89, at Google Books
  11. 1 2 3 4 Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 68,142. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  12. 1 2 3 "The Small Spurias". kcis.org. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  13. 1 2 "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris sintenisii ssp. brandzae". alpine-peters.de. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  15. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.}
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Andreĭ Aleksandrovich Fedoro (Editor) Flora of Russia, Volume 4 , p. 440, at Google Books
  17. 1 2 "Iris Brandzy". lvgira.narod.ru. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  18. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris brandzae Prodan". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  19. 1 2 Higgins, Betsy (11 June 2014). "(SPEC) Iris brandzae Prodan". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 "Ukraine (Europe)". ebotany. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Book ID: 103290, Sarbu, Ion, Nicolae Stefan and Adrian Oprea". koeltz.com. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  22. ↑ Recova, Eva (25 May 2010). "Iris sintenisii". botany.cz. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  23. ↑ "Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  24. ↑ Sarbu, Ion. "IPA Factsheet – Padurea Harboanca Brahasoaia". plantlifeipa.org (Plantlife). Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  25. ↑ "The Moldavia Sylvosteppe Section". botanica.uaic.ro. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  26. ↑ "Flora". sgu.ru. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  27. ↑ "Index seminum 2014" (PDF). su.lt. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  28. ↑ "Stamp catalog : Stamp ‹ Spuria Iris (Iris sintenisii subsp. brandzae)". colnect.com. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  29. ↑ "Monocots Iridaceae Iris". suksm.org. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  30. ↑ "Iridaceae". pro.tok2.com. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

Sources

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