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 Israel |  Monaco |
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Israel-Monaco relations refer to bilateral ties between the State of Israel and Principality of Monaco. Israel is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France, and has a consul in Monaco. Monaco has a consul resides in Ramat Gan. [1]
The State of Israel and the Principality of Monaco officially established their relations in 1964. [2] Monaco recognizes Israel only and has no relations to the PLO. By 2020, Monaco had the highest ratio of Jews outside of Israel. [3]
The relations between Israel and Monaco are based on tourism. In 2012, Israel exported goods worth 1,000 USD. [4]
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by France to the north, east and west. The principality is home to 38,682 residents, of whom 9,486 are Monégasque nationals; it is widely recognised as one of the most expensive and wealthiest places in the world. The official language of the principality is French. In addition, Monégasque, Italian and English are spoken and understood by many residents.
The economy of Monaco is reliant on tourism and banking. Monaco, situated on the French coast of the Mediterranean Sea, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate.
Foreign relations of Israel refers to diplomatic and trade relations between Israel and other countries around the world. Israel has diplomatic ties with 164 of the other 192 UN member states as of December 2020. Israel is a member of the United Nations (UN) and a number of other international organisations. Israel maintains full diplomatic relations with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively. In 2020, Israel signed agreements establishing diplomatic relations with four Arab League countries, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Sudan and Morocco. As of 2021, Israel had formal diplomatic relations with 168 other countries, while twenty-eight UN member states have either never established, or have broken off diplomatic relations with Israel.
The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.
A customs union is the principal area of robust formal agreement between the Principality of Andorra and the European Union (EU). Andorra borders two EU member states: France and Spain.
The history of the Jews in Monaco goes back at least a century, most notably to the time of the Holocaust. Monaco had a very small Jewish presence before World War II, numbering approximately 300 people. During the war, the principality's government issued false identity papers to its Jewish residents to protect them from Nazi deportation. Prince Louis II refused to dismiss Jewish civil servants and protected Édouard de Rothschild from deportation. However, Monaco's police arrested and turned over 42 Central European Jewish refugees to the Nazis. 60 Jews were arrested Aug 27–28 in 1942, and 90 in total, according to "The Algemeiner".
There are a number of microstates in Europe. While there is no clear consensus on which political units qualify as "microstates", most scholars view Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City as examples of such states. At the same time, some academics dispute even qualifying Vatican as a true state arguing that it does not meet the "traditional criteria of statehood" and that the "special status of the Vatican City is probably best regarded as a means of ensuring that the Pope can freely exercise his spiritual functions, and in this respect is loosely analogous to that of the headquarters of international organisations."
A bilateral relationship exists between Armenia and Israel. From 1993 to 2007, Armenia was served by the Embassy of Israel in Georgia. In 1996, Tsolak Momjian was appointed the honorary consul of Armenia in Jerusalem. Eleven years later, the residence of the Embassy of Israel in Armenia was moved to Jerusalem. In October 2010, Shmuel Meirom was appointed the Israeli ambassador to Armenia. Armen Melkonian was appointed the Armenian ambassador to Israel in 2012, with a residence in Cairo. In October of that year, Melkonian presented his credentials to Israeli President Shimon Peres. On 21 September 2019 Armenia announced that it would be opening an embassy in Israel. Despite generally cordial ties between the two, relations soured after Armenia withdrew its ambassador to Israel due to Israeli arms supply to Armenia's enemy, Azerbaijan, in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Monaco and the United States exchanged consular officials soon after the end of the U.S. Civil War. The first consul from Monaco to the US was Louis Borg, who presented his credentials in May 1866.
Monaco–Russia relations is the bilateral relationship between the Principality of Monaco and the Russian Federation.
Israel–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Israel and Ukraine. Both countries recognized each other de facto on 11 May 1949 as the Ukrainian SSR and established de jure diplomatic relations on 26 December 1991 as an independent state. Israel has an embassy in Kyiv. Ukraine has an embassy in Tel Aviv and a consulate-general in Haifa. With more than 500,000 Ukrainians settled in Israel, they form the largest foreign community in the country.
Relations between the Principality of Monaco and the European Union (EU) are primarily conducted through France. Through that relationship Monaco directly participates in certain EU policies. Monaco is an integral part of the EU customs territory and VAT area, and therefore applies most measures on excise duties and VAT. Monaco borders one EU member state: France. However this relationship does not extend to external trade. Preferential trade agreements between the EU and third countries apply only to goods originating from the customs territory – Monaco may not claim EU origin in this respect.
India-Monaco relations refer to bilateral ties between Republic of India and Principality of Monaco. India is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France. Monaco is accredited to India from its Department of External Relations in Monte Carlo.
Mexico–Monaco relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the United Mexican States and the Principality of Monaco. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
Monaco–Spain relations are the bilateral relations between Monaco and Spain. Monaco has an embassy in Madrid Spain is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Egypt–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Egypt has an embassy in Madrid. Spain has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries share a common framework in the context of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Barbados–Israel relations are the bilateral relations between Barbados and the State of Israel. Barbados has a consul who resides in Tel Aviv and Israel has a consul who resides in Bridgetown. In addition, the Israeli ambassador for the Caribbean area, resides in New York City is accredited for Barbados, and the Barbadian ambassador to London is accredited for Israel.
Israel–Mauritius relations are the bilateral relations between the State of Israel and the Republic of Mauritius. The Israeli embassy in Nairobi, Kenya is accredited to Mauritius. Mauritius has an honorary consul in Tel Aviv, named Regev Naftali.
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