Jamesbrittenia ramosissima | |
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Hiern's original description of the species | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
Genus: | Jamesbrittenia |
Species: | J. ramosissima |
Binomial name | |
Jamesbrittenia ramosissima | |
Synonyms | |
Sutera ramosissima Hiern |
Jamesbrittenia ramosissima is a Southern African shrub in the family Scrophulariaceae occurring in the Northern Cape and southern Namibia, westward along the Gariep River from the vicinity of Augrabies Falls. It is one of some 90 species in the genus Jamesbrittenia , ranging through Africa, with 74 species occurring in Southern Africa, and 1 in India. [1] [2] The genus is named for James Britten (1846-1924), medical student turned botanist, and acting Keeper of Botany at the British Museum when Kuntze named it.
This extremely twiggy shrub ('ramosissima'), which grows to about 1m in height, bears a profusion of white or bluish-mauve flowers and is found growing under semi-desert conditions in cracks in sheetrock and on steep, bare, rocky slopes in very dry and hot locations bordering the Gariep River, from near the Augrabies Falls, through the Richtersveld to the vicinity of the river mouth. The branches of this shrub are woody and rigid, divaricate, and sometimes spinescent. The thick and rather fleshy leaves are alternate, shortly petiolate, obovate-cuneate to broadly ovate in shape, with a wedge-shaped base, margin toothed except at the base, about 2-6mm long by 2-6mm broad. [3]
Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze (1843–1907) in 1891 first published a description of the genus in "Revisio Generum Plantarum" 2: 461, based on the earlier description of Sutera by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757–1834) in 1821. [4] [5]
"Shrubs, suffrutices, perennial or annual herbs, glandular and often aromatic. Leaves opposite, often alternate above, sometimes ± fasciculate, simple or deeply divided. Inflorescence racemose with flowers solitary in axils. Calyx 5-lobed, divided almost to base. Corolla tube always cylindric below, abruptly expanded near apex; in throat a broad transverse band of clavate hairs; lobes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers usually included; posticous filaments decurrent down corolla tube, often to base, pubescent. Stigma exserted, usually tongue-shaped, with 2 marginal bands of papillae. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Seeds with reticulate testa."
— "Flora of Zimbabwe"
The species was first described in 1904 as Sutera ramosissima by the botanist and mathematician William Philip Hiern in Harvey's Fl. Cap. 4: II. 265. (see illustration) Hiern's description was based on two specimens collected by Max Schlechter (1874-1960), and his more famous brother, Rudolf Schlechter (1872-1925). [7] [8]
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.
Conyza is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
Eliea is a genus of flowering plants, shrubs or small trees, in the St. Johnswort family, Hypericaceae. It comprises a single species, Eliea articulata, which is endemic to Madagascar.
Banksia laevigata, commonly known as the tennis ball banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves, yellow or yellowish green flowers, depending on subspecies, and linear to elliptic follicles with a slightly wrinkled surface.
Lopholaena is a genus of perennial shrubs and herbaceous plants in the family Asteraceae. About 20 species occur from tropical to southern Africa.
Goodenia is a genus of about two hundred species of flowering plants in the family Goodeniaceae. Plants in this genus are herbs or shrubs, mostly endemic to Australia. The leaves are variably-shaped, the flowers arranged in small groups, with three or five sepals, the corolla bilaterally symmetrical and either fan-shaped with two "lips" or tube-shaped. The petals are usually yellow to white, the stamens free from each other and the fruit a capsule.
Sutera is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants and shrubs of the family Scrophulariaceae mainly confined to Africa.
Harveya is a genus of parasitic plants in the family Orobanchaceae. The approximately 29 species included are native to Africa from Eritrea to South Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, the Arabian Peninsula, and Turkmenistan in Central Asia. In South Africa they are commonly known as 'inkblom', because early settlers used the flowers to make ink, and this is the source of the English common-names for the genus of ink flower or ink plant.
Bradburia is a North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the southern United States.
Tetradymia is a genus of North American shrubs in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. Horsebrush is a common name for plants in this genus.
Ficus verruculosa, the water fig, is a species of fig from sub-saharan Africa.
Diospyros abyssinica is a tree species in the family Ebenaceae.
Karomia speciosa is an African deciduous large shrub or bushy tree up to 7 m, and relocated to the family Lamiaceae from Verbenaceae. It is one of 9 species in the genus Karomia, a genus containing species previously classified in Holmskioldia, and is closely related to Clerodendrum. The only remaining species in the genus is Holmskioldia sanguinea, occurring in the foothills of the Himalayas.
Rhaphiostylis beninensis is a woody, sprawling or scrambling glabrous, evergreen shrub or liane native to Tropical Africa, belonging to the family Metteniusaceae, and one of 3 species in the genus Rhaphiostylis. It is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory by the Bantu people of Africa.
Brachylaena rotundata is an occasionally deciduous Southern African shrub or small tree growing to some 8m in height and of the family Asteraceae. It occurs in eastern Botswana, Transvaal, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe, growing in open woodland, on rocky koppies and slopes, and on stream banks. Kew accepts Brachylaena rotundata S. Moore as a species while 'Flora of Mozambique' treats it as a variety of Brachylaena discolor DC. It bears attractive foliage, green on the upper surface and silver-grey on the lower, leaves turning slightly reddish in autumn.
Leaves with petioles from 2 mm to 7 mm. long, lamina 4–15 x 2.5–6 cm., larger on coppice shoots, broadly oblanceolate or elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, cuneate or rounded base, entire, occasionally coarsely dentate near the apex; upper surface araneous when young, or glabrescent; lower surface greyish tomentellous with prominent veins. Capitula sometimes preceding the leaves, young synflorescences with buds in axillary and terminal spikes, mature synflorescences with numerous capitula in dense terminal panicles 4–40 cm. long, or in short raceme-like panicles in axils of old leaves. Involucres cyathiform to obconic. Phyllaries minutely glandular outside, subobtuse, margins ciliolate, the outer phyllaries from c. 1 mm. long and ovate, the inner to c. 5 mm. long becoming lorate-lanceolate, narrowly obtuse or blunt at the apex; the outermost 5–8 series decreasing in size and extending down to the base of the capitulum stalk. Male flowers: corollas dull-yellow, 3–5 mm. long, lobes c. 1.5 mm. long and ± recurved; pappus uniseriate, setae 3–4 mm. long, subplumose, the seta barbs exceeding the seta axis in width. Female flowers: corollas dull-yellow, 3–5 mm. long, filiform, lobes erect up to c. 0.5 mm. long; achenes c. 4 mm. long, subcylindric-fusiform, narrowly c. 8-ribbed, pubescent; pappus 2-several-seriate, setae 4–5 mm. long, ± terete or flattened, seta barbs ± equalling the seta axis in width.
Allenrolfea is a genus of shrubs in the family Amaranthaceae. The genus was named for the English botanist Robert Allen Rolfe. There are three species, ranging from North America to South America.
Felicia mossamedensis or yellow felicia is a well-branched, roughly hairy, annual or perennial plant of up to 30 cm (1 ft) high, assigned to the family Asteraceae. It has alternately arranged, seated, flat to slightly succulent, broad-based, entire, blunt tipped leaves. The flower heads sit individually on top of a stalk of up to 8 cm (3 in) long, have an involucre of three whorls of bracts, many yellow ray florets and many yellow disk florets. It can be found in southern Africa, in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Eswatini, South Africa and on the coast of Angola.
Jamesbrittenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae, disjunctly distributed in southern Africa, Sudan and Egypt, and India and Bangladesh. Subshrubs with profuse flowering, they are amenable to containers, so a number of cultivars and hybrid cultivars have been developed for the garden trade.
Pterodiscus is a genus of plant in the Pedaliaceae family comprising several species with a native range from Ethiopia to S. Africa. The range passes through the countries of Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Plus it is found also within the Provinces of South Africa in Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Northern Provinces.
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