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In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria. Acetic acid bacteria are characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. Of these, the genus Acetobacter is distinguished by the ability to oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. Bacteria of the genus Acetobacter have been isolated from industrial vinegar fermentation processes and are frequently used as fermentation starter cultures.
The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria. Based on species Thermomicrobium roseum and Sphaerobacter thermophilus, this bacteria class has the following description:
Erysipelothrix is a genus of bacteria containing four described species, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, Erysipelothrix inopinata and Erysipelothrix larvae. Additional species have been proposed based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies "The hallmark of Erysipelothrix is the presence of a type B cell wall, in which the peptide bridge is formed between amino acids at positions 2 and 4 of adjacent peptide side-chains and not, as in the vast majority of bacteria, between amino acids at positions 3 and 4."
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature. It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism that she named Flavobacterium meningosepticum. In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus Chryseobacterium and renamed Chryseobacterium meningosepticum(chryseos = "golden" in Greek, so Chryseobacterium means a golden/yellow rod similar to Flavobacterium). In 2005, a 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacteria showed that C. meningosepticum along with C. miricola were close to each other but outside the tree of the rest of the Chryseobacteria and were then placed in a new genus Elizabethkingia named after the original discoverer of F. meningosepticum.
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. Cronobacter spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov.
Deinococcus ficus strain CC-FR2-10T is a recently discovered gram-positive bacteria which plays a role in the production of nitrogen fertilizer. It was originally isolated from a Ficus plant, hence its name.
Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria. The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli. Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis. This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C. Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae. The first species was described by Juni and Heym. Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats, but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.
Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from human blood in Belgium. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus can cause humans infections such as endocarditis, peritonitis, and fungating lesion of the foot, but those infections caused by this bacterium are rare.
Jeotgalicoccus marinus is a species of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. It is moderately halophilic, it grows in environments with 0.5–25.0 % total salts. The cells are coccoid. The species was isolated from a sea urchin from the South China Sea.
Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus is a gram-positive bacterium. It is psychrophilic, it growth between 4 and 34 °C. To this also refers the selected species name. The cells are coccoid.
Jeotgalicoccus halophilus is a species of bacteria. It is one of the Phylum Firmicutes, it is Gram-positive. The species is halotolerant, it grows at NaCl content of 0.1 to 16% and optimal values are between 2 and 3%. The cells are coccoid.
Jeotgalicoccus huakuii is a gram-positive bacterium. The cells are coccoid. It is moderately halophilic, (salt-tolerant) it grows in the presence of 0–23% NaCl, optimal values are 3 -8%. It belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae.
Virgibacillus soli is a species of Gram-positive bacteria. A strain of this species was originally isolated from soil on a mountain in Taiwan. It is closely related to the species Virgibacillus halophilus and Virgibacillus kekensis.
Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus is a species of bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae. A strain of this species was originally isolated from the air on a turkey farm and is closely related to Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans.
Virgibacillus salexigens is a species of Gram-positive bacteria. This species was formerly contained by the genus Salibacillus and before that by Bacillus. Strains of this species were originally isolated from salterns and saline soil samples in Spain. They are spore-forming, slightly aerobic, and moderately halophilic.
Thermolithobacteria is a class of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria within phylum Firmicutes. Species within this class are thermophilic lithotrophs isolated from sediment in Calcite Springs in Yellowstone National Park. Thermolithobacter ferrireducens strain JW/KA-2(T) metabolism consists of the oxidation of hydrogen gas and reduction of ferric oxide to magnetite. Thermolithobacter carboxydivorans strain R1(T) is hydrogenic and oxidizes carbon monoxide.
Dyadobacter is a genus of gram negative rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Cytophagaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Typical traits of the genus include yellow colony colour, positive flexirubin test and non-motile behaviours. They possess an anaerobic metabolism, can utilise a broad range of carbon sources, and test positive for peroxide catalase activity. The type species is Dyadobacter fermentans, which was isolated from surface sterilised maize leaves,.
Anaerococcus is a genus of bacteria. Its type species is Anaerococcus prevotii. These bacteria are Gram-positive and strictly anaerobic. The genus Anaerococcus was proposed in 2001. Its genome was sequenced in August 2009. The genus Anaerococcus is one of six genera classified within the group GPAC. These six genera are found in the human body as part of the commensal human microbiota.
Brachybacterium is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile bacteria. The cells are coccoid during the stationary phase, and irregular rods during the exponential phase. The genus name comes from Greek word brachy, meaning short, and Latin bacterium, meaning rods, referencing the short rods noted during the exponential phase.
References
- 1 2 Martin, E.; Klug, K.; Frischmann, A.; Busse, H.- J.; Kaempfer, P.; Jaeckel, U. (February 2011). "Jeotgalicoccus coquinae sp. nov. and Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus sp. nov., isolated from poultry houses". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61 (2): 237–241. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.021675-0 . PMID 20207804.
