Jeremy Sanders

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Jeremy Sanders

CBE FRS
Born
Jeremy Keith Morris Sanders

(1948-05-03) 3 May 1948 (age 74) [1]
London, England, UK
NationalityEnglish
Alma mater
Known for Dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Awards Davy Medal (2009)
Scientific career
Fields Supramolecular chemistry
Institutions
Thesis Paramagnetic shift reagents in N.M.R. spectroscopy  (1972)
Doctoral advisor Dudley Williams [2]
Doctoral students
Website

Jeremy Keith Morris Sanders CBE FRS (born 3 May 1948 [1] ) is a British chemist and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. He is also Editor-in-Chief of Royal Society Open Science. He is known for his contributions to many fields including NMR spectroscopy and supramolecular chemistry. He served as the Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Institutional Affairs at the University of Cambridge, 2011–2015. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Education

Educated in London at Southmead Primary School and Wandsworth Comprehensive School, he then studied chemistry at Imperial College London where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1969 and was awarded the Edmund White Prize. During 1969–72 he carried out his PhD research on lanthanide shift reagents, especially Eu(DPM), the original reagent developed before Eu(FOD) at Churchill College, Cambridge, supervised by Dudley Williams. [2]

Career and Research

Elected a fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1972,[ citation needed ] he spent a postdoctoral year in the Pharmacology Department, Stanford University before returning to Cambridge to become a Demonstrator in Chemistry. He was promoted to Lecturer (1978), Reader (1992) and then Professor (1996–2015). He was Head of the Chemistry Department 2000–2006, and Head of the School of Physical Sciences 2009–2011; he was also Deputy Vice-Chancellor 2006–2010 (responsible for overseeing the University's 800th Anniversary celebrations).

He was Chair from 2004 to 2008 of sub-panel 18 (Chemistry) for the UK 2008 Research Assessment Exercise.

NMR Spectroscopic achievements include the first complete analyses of the proton spectra of steroids through the pioneering use of NOEs and two-dimensional techniques, [8] and new understanding of the biophysical chemistry in vivo of microbial storage polymers. [9] [10]

In supramolecular chemistry, his porphyrin systems have led to one of the first experimental verifications of the predicted Marcus 'inverted region', [11] and the standard model (with Chris Hunter) of aromatic π-π interactions. [12] [13] He has used the coordination chemistry of Zn, Sn, Ru, Rh and Al oligoporphyrins

A cyclic metallo-porphyrin tetramer created by templated synthesis around a fifth porphyrin Host Guest Complex Porphyrin Sanders AngewChemIntEdEngl 1995 1096.jpg
A cyclic metallo-porphyrin tetramer created by templated synthesis around a fifth porphyrin

to create new complex systems, [14] to develop new templated approaches in synthesis, [15] and to engineer the acceleration of intermolecular reactions within host cavities. [16]

Since the mid-1990s he has been in the forefront (with Jean-Marie Lehn and several other research groups) of developing Dynamic covalent chemistry and the closely related dynamic combinatorial chemistry. [17] In dynamic covalent chemistry, the most stable accessible product of a mixture is formed using thermodynamically controlled reversible reactions; in dynamic combinatorial chemistry a template is used to direct the synthesis of the molecule that best stabilises the template. In each case unpredictable molecules may be discovered that would not be designed or could not be prepared by conventional chemistry. These approaches have been particularly successful in preparing unpredictable Catenanes [18] [19] [20] and other complex macrocycles including a molecular knot. [21]

Sanders has also recently discovered helical supramolecular nanotubes capable of binding C60 Fullerene and other guests. [22]

Awards and honours

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to scientific research. [25] [26] Sanders' nomination for the Royal Society reads:

Distinguished for his innovative applications of NMR spectroscopy in organic and biological chemistry, for his biomimetic porphyrin systems, and his theory of pi-pi interactions. His early explorations of lanthanide shift reagents greatly enhanced the power of NMR to solve questions of structure and conformation for the organic chemist. He then pioneered the use of NOE difference spectroscopy in organic chemistry, his achievements including the first complete analyses of the proton spectra of steroids. Sanders' techniques for acquiring, manipulating and interpreting NOE difference spectra have become world-wide standard laboratory practice. His notable contributions to biological chemistry through NMR include the first measurement of an enzymic kinetic isotope effect in live cells, and the use of deuterium NMR to elucidate the substrate specificity and absolute stereochemistry of intracellular bacterial formaldehyde dismutases. Most importantly, he has resolved many of the long-standing paradoxes between the known in situ enzymology and the apparently contradictory physical chemistry of isolated granules. Sanders is responsible for the creation and study of numerous model photosynthetic and enzymic systems based on porphyrins. These studies gave one of the first experimental verifications of the long-sought Marcus 'inverted region' in photoinduced electron transfer, and led to the development of a general model explaining pi-pi interactions. The model for pi-pi interactions, and its derived geometrical rules, is relevant to the structure of DNA duplexes and proteins; it promises to make a major impact in many areas. Like much of Sanders' work, it demolishes well-entrenched preconceptions through the clear use of simple insights and the deliberate crossing of disciplinary boundaries. [23]

Related Research Articles

Charles J. Pedersen American organic chemist

Charles John Pedersen was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers during his entire 42-year career as a chemist for DuPont at DuPont Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware and at DuPont's Jackson Laboratory in Deepwater, New Jersey. Often associated with Reed McNeil Izatt, Pedersen also shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 with Donald J. Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn. He is the only Nobel Prize laureate born in Korea other than Peace Prize laureate Kim Dae-jung.

Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules. The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces, electrostatic charge, or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding, provided that the electronic coupling strength remains small relative to the energy parameters of the component. While traditional chemistry concentrates on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible non-covalent interactions between molecules. These forces include hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi–pi interactions and electrostatic effects.

Catenane

A catenane is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles, i.e. a molecule containing two or more intertwined rings. The interlocked rings cannot be separated without breaking the covalent bonds of the macrocycles. Catenane is derived from the Latin catena meaning "chain". They are conceptually related to other mechanically interlocked molecular architectures, such as rotaxanes, molecular knots or molecular Borromean rings. Recently the terminology "mechanical bond" has been coined that describes the connection between the macrocycles of a catenane. Catenanes have been synthesised in two different ways: statistical synthesis and template-directed synthesis.

Host–guest chemistry Supramolecular structures held together other than by covalent bonds

In supramolecular chemistry, host–guest chemistry describes complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions that are held together in unique structural relationships by forces other than those of full covalent bonds. Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions through non-covalent bonding. Non-covalent bonding is critical in maintaining the 3D structure of large molecules, such as proteins and is involved in many biological processes in which large molecules bind specifically but transiently to one another.

Corannulene Chemical compound

Corannulene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C20H10. The molecule consists of a cyclopentane ring fused with 5 benzene rings, so another name for it is [5]circulene. It is of scientific interest because it is a geodesic polyarene and can be considered a fragment of buckminsterfullerene. Due to this connection and also its bowl shape, corannulene is also known as a buckybowl. Corannulene exhibits a bowl-to-bowl inversion with an inversion barrier of 10.2 kcal/mol (42.7 kJ/mol) at −64 °C.

Pi-Stacking (chemistry) Attractive interactions between aromatic rings

In chemistry, pi stacking refers to the presumptive attractive, noncovalent interactions between the pi bonds of aromatic rings. However this is a misleading description of the phenomena since direct stacking of aromatic rings is electrostatically replusive. What is more commonly observed is either a staggered stacking or pi-teeing interaction both of which are electrostatic attractive For example, the most commonly observed interactions between aromatic rings of amino acid residues in proteins is a stagered stacked followed by a perpendular orientation. Sandwiched orientations are relatively rare.

Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs) are molecules that are connected as a consequence of their topology. This connection of molecules is analogous to keys on a keychain loop. The keys are not directly connected to the keychain loop but they cannot be separated without breaking the loop. On the molecular level the interlocked molecules cannot be separated without the breaking of the covalent bonds that comprise the conjoined molecules, this is referred to as a mechanical bond. Examples of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures include catenanes, rotaxanes, molecular knots, and molecular Borromean rings. Work in this area was recognized with the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Bernard L. Feringa, Jean-Pierre Sauvage, and J. Fraser Stoddart.

Fluxional molecules are molecules that undergo dynamics such that some or all of their atoms interchange between symmetry-equivalent positions. Because virtually all molecules are fluxional in some respects, e.g. bond rotations in most organic compounds, the term fluxional depends on the context and the method used to assess the dynamics. Often, a molecule is considered fluxional if its spectroscopic signature exhibits line-broadening due to chemical exchange. In some cases, where the rates are slow, fluxionality is not detected spectroscopically, but by isotopic labeling and other methods.

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC); also known as constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC) is a method to the generation of new molecules formed by reversible reaction of simple building blocks under thermodynamic control. The library of these reversibly interconverting building blocks is called a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL). All constituents in a DCL are in equilibrium, and their distribution is determined by their thermodynamic stability within the DCL. The interconversion of these building blocks may involve covalent or non-covalent interactions. When a DCL is exposed to an external influence, the equilibrium shifts and those components that interact with the external influence are stabilised and amplified, allowing more of the active compound to be formed.

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References

  1. 1 2 "SANDERS, Prof. Jeremy Keith Morris". Who's Who 2016, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press.(subscription required)
  2. 1 2 "Dudley Williams obituary". 24 November 2010.
  3. ↑ "The Pro-Vice-Chancellors". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  4. ↑ "Jeremy Sanders". Alanmacfarlane.com. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  5. ↑ Stefankiewicz, A. R.; Sanders, J. K. (2010). "Chemistry. Harmony of the self-assembled spheres". Science. 328 (5982): 1115–6. doi:10.1126/science.1190821. PMID   20508119. S2CID   206527011.
  6. ↑ Otto, S; Furlan, R. L.; Sanders, J. K. (2002). "Selection and amplification of hosts from dynamic combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic disulfides". Science. 297 (5581): 590–3. Bibcode:2002Sci...297..590O. doi:10.1126/science.1072361. PMID   12142534. S2CID   42198823.
  7. ↑ Jeremy Sanders's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  8. ↑ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 5703–5711
  9. ↑ Barnard, G. N.; Sanders, J. K. (1989). "The poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granule in vivo. A new insight based on NMR spectroscopy of whole cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (6): 3286–91. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)94064-0 . PMID   2492534.
  10. ↑ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 2695–2702
  11. ↑ Chemical Physics, 1986, 104, 315–324
  12. ↑ Hunter, C. A.; Sanders, J. K. M. (1990). "The nature of .pi.-.pi. Interactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 112 (14): 5525. doi:10.1021/ja00170a016.
  13. ↑ Stang, P. J. (2003). "124 Years of Publishing Original and Primary Chemical Research: 135,149 Publications, 573,453 Pages, and a Century of Excellence". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (1): 1–8. doi: 10.1021/ja021403x . PMID   12515485.
  14. ↑ The Porphyrin Handbook; Ed. K. M. Kadish, K. M. Smith, R. Guilard, Academic Press, 2000, vol 3, 347; Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 2486; Inorg. Chem., 2008, 47, 87
  15. ↑ Accounts Chem. Res., 1993, 26, 469
  16. ↑ New J. Chem., 1998, 22, 493–502
  17. ↑ Angew. Chemie Intl. Edn., 2002, 41, 898; Chemical Reviews, 2006, 106, 3652; Accounts Chem. Res., 2012, 45, 2211–2221.
  18. ↑ Lam, R. T.; Belenguer, A; Roberts, S. L.; Naumann, C; Jarrosson, T; Otto, S; Sanders, J. K. (2005). "Amplification of acetylcholine-binding catenanes from dynamic combinatorial libraries". Science. 308 (5722): 667–9. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..667L. doi:10.1126/science.1109999. PMID   15761119. S2CID   30506228.
  19. ↑ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 3198-3207;
  20. ↑ Angew. Chemie Intl. Edn., 2012, 51, 1443-1447.
  21. ↑ Ponnuswamy, N; Cougnon, F. B.; Clough, J. M.; Pantoş, G. D.; Sanders, J. K. (2012). "Discovery of an organic trefoil knot". Science. 338 (6108): 783–5. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..783P. doi:10.1126/science.1227032. PMID   23139329. S2CID   3250858.
  22. ↑ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 566-573.
  23. 1 2 "Library and Archive Catalogue". London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  24. ↑ "Bürgenstock Conference". Stereochemistry-buergenstock.ch. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  25. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. ↑ "No. 60895". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 June 2014. p. b10.
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