Jesús Gómez Portugal Díaz (Aguascalientes,Aguascalientes,1820 – San Luis Potosí,San Luis Potosí,June 5,1875) was a Mexican politician and military officer,and Constitutional Governor of the state of Aguascalientes.
Gómez Portugal was born in the city of Aguascalientes in 1820. Due to the American Intervension,he was discharged as a corporal in the Batallón de Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes Battalion),until obtaining the rank of colonel. Amid the instability he was elected Governor and military commander in 1857,he convened the Labor Club to organize and arm troops that he placed under the orders of Santos Degollado and sanctioned the Reform Laws. In 1863 he was deported to Paris. He hid the national flag that his squad carried,upon his return he delivered it to the Congress of the State of Aguascalientes,where it is kept. He returned to continue fighting and occupy again in 1866 the governorship of the state,provisionally,appointed by Benito Juárez. He was elected constitutional governor for the period from December 1867 to 1871. In 1868 he sanctioned the new Constitution of the state,on October 18,in which the Reform Laws were enacted. [1] died in exile in San Luis Potosí in 1875.
JoséVenustiano Carranza de la Garza was a Mexican wealthy land owner and politician who was Governor of Coahuila when the constitutionally-elected president Francisco I. Madero was overthrown in a February 1913 right-wing military coup. Known as the Primer Jefe or "First Chief" of the Constitutionalist faction in the Mexican Revolution,Carranza was a shrewd civilian politician. He supported Madero's challenge to the Díaz regime in the 1910 elections,but became a critic of Madero once Díaz was overthrown in May 1911. Madero did appoint him the governor of Coahuila. When Madero was murdered during the February 1913 counter-revolutionary coup,Carranza drew up the Plan of Guadalupe,a purely political plan to oust Madero's usurper,General Victoriano Huerta. As a sitting governor when Madero was overthrown,Carranza held legitimate power and he became the leader of the northern coalition opposed to Huerta. The Constitutionalist faction was victorious and Huerta ousted in July 1914. Carranza did not assume the title of provisional president of Mexico,as called for in his Plan of Guadalupe,since it would have prevented his running for constitutional president once elections were held. His government in this period was in a preconstitutional,extralegal state,to which both his best generals,Álvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa objected. The factions of the coalition against Huerta fell apart and a bloody civil war of the winners ensued,with Obregón remaining loyal to Carranza and Villa,now allied with peasant leader Emiliano Zapata,breaking with him. The Constitutionalist Army under Obregón defeated Villa in the north,and Zapata and the peasant army of Morelos returned to guerrilla warfare. Carranza's position was secure enough politically and militarily to take power in Mexico City,although Zapata and Pancho Villa remained threats. Carranza consolidated enough power in the capital that he called a constitutional convention in 1916 to revise the 1857 liberal constitution. The Constitutionalist faction had fought to defend it and return Mexico to constitutional rule. With the promulgation of a new revolutionary Mexican Constitution of 1917,he was elected president,serving from 1917 to 1920.
Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz was a general in the Mexican Revolution from state of Coahuila. He is most notable for his election as provisional president of Mexico during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months between November 6,1914,and January 16,1915. The Convention was convened by revolutionaries who had successfully ousted the regime of Victoriano Huerta after more than a year of conflict. Gutiérrez rather than "First Chief" Venustiano Carranza was chosen president of Mexico and a new round of violence broke out as revolutionary factions previously united turned against each other. "The high point of Gutiérrez's career occurred when he moved with the Conventionist army to shoulder the responsibilities of his new office [of president]." Gutiérrez's government was weak and he could not control the two main generals of the Army of the Convention,Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Gutiérrez moved the capital of his government from Mexico City to San Luis Potosí. He resigned as president and made peace with Carranza. He went into exile in the United States,but later returned to Mexico. He died in 1939,outliving many other major figures of the Mexican Revolution.
Pedro Bernardino María de Anaya y Álvarez was a Mexican military officer who served twice as interim president of Mexico during the Mexican-American War. Inbetween presidencies,he directly participated in the fighting as an officer,distinguishing himself at the Battle of Churubusco.
JoséMariano de Salas was a Mexican soldier and politician who served twice as interim president of Mexico,once in 1846,during the Mexican American War,and once in 1859 during the War of Reform.
The Plan of Ayala was a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. In it,Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals,embodied in Madero's Plan de San Luis Potosí,and set out his vision of land reform. The Plan was first proclaimed on November 28,1911 in the town of Ayala,Morelos,and was later amended on June 19,1914. The Plan of Ayala was a key document during the revolution and influenced land reform in Mexico during the 1920s and 1930s. It was the fundamental text of the Zapatistas.
The Mexican War of the Reform,also known as the Three Years' War,was a civil war lasting from January 1858 to December 1860,fought between liberals and conservatives,over the promulgation of Constitution of 1857,which had been written under the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort. It had codified a liberal program intended to limit the political,economic,and cultural power of the Catholic Church;separating church and state,while also attempting at reducing the power of the Mexican Army by elimination of the fuero system;strengthening the secular state through public education;and economically developing the nation. The constitution was promulgated in February,with the intention of coming into power in September,only to immediately be confronted with extreme opposition from Conservatives and the Catholic Church over its anti-clerical provisions,most notably the Lerdo law,which stripped the church of most of its rural properties. The measure was not exclusively aimed at the Catholic Church,but also Mexico's indigenous peoples,which were forced to sell sizeable portions of their communal lands.
Melchor de Eca y Múzquiz was a Mexican soldier and politician. He was named interim president of Mexico during the Plan of Veracruz which had the aim of overthrowing President Anastasio Bustamante. The president stepped down to personally lead his troops against the insurgents,and Muzquiz was designated as his replacement by congress. Muzquiz played an active role in attempting to suppress the revolt,but revolution would succeed and Muzquiz was forced to step down on December,1832 in favor of the insurgents' choice for president:Manuel Gomez Pedraza.
Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera was a Mexican physician,general,and politician who served as president of Mexico three times. He participated in the Mexican War of Independence initially as a royalist before siding with Agustín de Iturbide and supporting the Plan of Iguala.
JoséMaría Iglesias Inzáurraga was a Mexican lawyer,professor,journalist and liberal politician. He is known as author of the Iglesias law,an anticlerical law regulating ecclesiastical fees and aimed at preventing the impoverishment of the Mexican peasantry. From October 31,1876 to January 23,1877,he claimed the interim presidency of Mexico. However,he was never undisputed president.
Cárdenas is a municipality and city in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
The Governor of San Luis Potosí exercises the role of the executive branch of government in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí,per the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí. The official title is Gobernador Constitucional del Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí.
The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is the name given to the second attempt to achieve a federalist government in Mexico after a period of centralism. Officially called the United Mexican States,a federal republic was established again on August 22,1846 when interim president JoséMariano Salas issued a decree restoring the 1824 constitution. The Second Republic continued to be rocked by the political instability that had characterized Mexico since independence. Mexico's loss in the war with the United States during this time saw half of Mexican territory become part of the United States.
Francisco García Salinas,known as "Tata Pachito" was born in Jerez,Zacatecas,Mexico. He was a Mexican politician,Deputy and Senator,noted for his participation in the Second Mexican Constituent Congress. He was Minister of Finance (1827–1828) and Governor of Zacatecas,where he promoted important reforms.
Events in the year 1867 in Mexico.
The Plan of Cuernavaca was a declaration made in Cuernavaca,Mexico on 25 May 1834 in opposition to reform measures by the liberal administration of Vice President Valentín Gómez Farías. Presumably the declaration was orchestrated by President Antonio López de Santa Anna in agreement with the high clergy. After the triumph of the Plan of Cuernavaca,all laws enacted by the progressives during ten months in office were repealed,the Pontifical and National University of Mexico was reopened,Congress was dissolved and the officials who implemented the reform measures were dismissed. Santa Anna's first dictatorship began. A year later,the conservative faction of the Congress approved the basis for the new constitution that gave rise to the centralist regime in Mexico.
Guillen Genevevo Rivas (1886–1947) was a Mexican general and provisional Governor of San Luis Potosi.
Events in the year 1860 in Mexico.
Events in the year 1956 in Mexico.
The Plan of Veracruz was a proclamation released on January 2,1832,by the military garrison of Veracruz which led to a year long civil war that eventually toppled the government of Anastasio Bustamante. The initial goal was simply to remove unpopular ministers from the cabinet of President Anastasio Bustamante. Antonio López de Santa Anna,but expanded as the rebels gained military successes.
Saturnino Cedillo Martínez was a Mexican politician who participated in the Mexican Revolution and the Cristero War. He was governor of San Luis Potosífrom 1927 to 1931 through the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR) and served as Secretary of Agriculture on two occasions,one under President Pascual Ortiz Rubio and again under President Lázaro Cárdenas. He maintained de facto control of his home state until shortly before his death. He "was the last of the great military caciques of the Mexican Revolution who maintained his own quasi-private personal army," building a fiefdom in the state of San Luis Potosí. He rose in rebellion against Cárdenas and was killed.