Joseph J. Kruzel

Last updated • 6 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Joseph John Kruzel
Joseph Kruzel.jpg
Kruzel in 1944
Nickname(s)Joe
Born(1918-02-17)February 17, 1918
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJuly 10, 2002(2002-07-10) (aged 84)
Mary Esther, Florida, U.S.
Buried
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branch United States Air Force
Years of service19401970
Rank Major General
Unit 17th Pursuit Squadron
9th Fighter Squadron
361st Fighter Group
Commands held 323rd Fighter Squadron
361st Fighter Group
18th Fighter Group
354th Tactical Fighter Wing
832nd Air Division
Fifth Air Force
Battles/wars World War II
Awards Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star (3)
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross (2)
Bronze Star Medal
Air Medal (4)

Joseph John Kruzel (February 17, 1918 July 10, 2002) was an United States Air Force major general and a flying ace during World War II. [1]

Contents

Early life

Kruzel was born on 1918 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He attended Scranton University, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1938 and bachelor's degree in education in 1939. [2]

Military career

On May 13, 1940, he joined the Aviation Cadet Program of the U.S. Army Air Corps and was commissioned a second lieutenant and awarded his pilot wings at Kelly Field in Texas, on December 20, 1940. [2]

World War II

After receiving his pilot wings, Kruzel was assigned to 2d Observation Squadron at Clark Field in the Philippine Islands and later was transferred to 17th Pursuit Squadron at Nichols Field in Manila in September 1941, where they were equipped with P-40 Warhawks. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent Japanese invasion of the Philippines in December 1941, Kruzel and much of the 17th PS evacuated to Australia and took part in the Dutch East Indies campaign. [3]

On February 17, 1942, flying P-40s, Kruzel scored his first aerial victory when he shot down a Nakajima Ki-27 over Palembang. From February 19 to February 20, 1942, he shot down two A6M Zeroes. In March 1942, he joined the 9th Fighter Squadron in Australia and flew combat missions until returning to the U.S. in December 1942. He was promoted to captain on April 1, 1942, and logged over 175 combat hours. [4] [5]

Kruzel sitting in the cockpit of his P-47 Thunderbolt Kruzel P-47.jpg
Kruzel sitting in the cockpit of his P-47 Thunderbolt

After his return to the United States, he was promoted to major on July 23, 1943, and assigned as commander of the 323d Fighter Squadron at Richmond Army Air Base in Virginia. Kruzel became Executive Officer of the 361st Fighter Group in March 1943. In November 1943, the group was deployed to England, where it was stationed at RAF Bottisham and received the P-47 Thunderbolts. The 361st FG began flying combat missions on January 21, 1944, and on February 22, Kruzel scored his first aerial victory over Europe and his fourth overall, when he shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 190. He scored a shared aerial victory on April 29 and in May 1944, the 361st FG converted to P-51 Mustangs. [4] [6]

Kruzel became a flying ace on June 13, when he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 109, his fifth aerial victory. He shot down a Fw 190 on June 25, his sixth and final aerial victory. [7]

During World War II, Kruzel was credited with the destruction of 6.5 enemy aircraft with 1 damaged in the air and 1 shared destruction. While serving with the 361st FG, he flew P-51s bearing the name "Vi". [4]

After his return to the U.S. in January 1945, he was assigned as an instructor trainee at Hillsgrove Army Air Base in Rhode Island, from January to March 1945 and as Deputy Commander of Seymour Johnson Field in North Carolina, which was a P-47 Combat Crew Training School and later a separation center, from March 1945 to January 1946. [1] [2]

Post war

In January 1946, Kruzel attended the senior officer's Asiatic Study Course at Yale University. [1]

He was assigned to the Air Office of the XXIV Corps, in Seoul, Korea, in April 1946. He served with Headquarters Far East Air Forces in Tokyo, Japan, from May 1947 to September 1947, followed by a tour of duty as commander of the reactivated 18th Fighter Group, which was equipped with P-47 and subsequently P-51 aircraft at Clark Field in the Philippine Islands. [1]

In 1949, Kruzel attended the Air Command and Staff College at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama and upon graduation was assigned to the War Plans Division at the Headquarters U.S. Air Force. He later attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, graduating in June 1954. He was retained at the Air War College as a member of the Evaluation Staff through May 1957. [1]

In June 1957, he was assigned as chief, War Plans Division, Headquarters U.S. Air Forces in Europe, at Wiesbaden, West Germany; and in January 1958 as chief, command post, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe, in Paris, France. [1]

He returned to the United States in July 1960 and attended the National War College. He next was assigned as vice commander of the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing, equipped with North American F-100 Super Sabres, at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base in South Carolina, and he became commander of the wing in April 1963. He assumed command of the 832nd Air Division at Cannon Air Force Base, in New Mexico, in January 1964. [1]

In August 1965, Kruzel was assigned to Headquarters Pacific Air Forces at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii, as director of operations and in August 1966 became deputy chief of staff for operations. In August 1968 he was assigned as vice commander of Fifth Air Force with headquarters at Fuchu Air Station in Japan. [1]

He returned to the United States and was assigned in August 1969 to Headquarters U.S. Air Force in the Pentagon as deputy director of operations, Deputy Chief of Staff, Plans and Operations until his retirement from the Air Force on August 1, 1970. [1]

Personal life

Kruzel married Violet Mable, née Clark (1923-1979) on 1945. They had four children and numerous grandchildren. On 1984, Kruzel remarried to Betty Sue, née Tucker. [8]

Kruzel's son Joseph graduated from the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1967 and served as an intelligence officer and as a briefing officer for the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Vietnam War. He later joined the U.S. Department of State and served as a member of the U.S. delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in Helsinki. He was appointed special assistant to U.S. Secretary of Defense Harold Brown and later legislative assistant for defense and foreign policy for Senator Edward Kennedy. Kruzel left government service to teach at Duke and Ohio State Universities. In 1993, Kruzel served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for European and NATO policy. He was one of the creators of Partnership for Peace program, which aimed at creating trust between the member states of NATO and other states in Europe, including post-Soviet states. On 1993, he was appointed as Department of Defense's special envoy to Bosnia and chief negotiator on the United States team working to end the Yugoslav Wars. On August 19, 1995, while en route to Sarajevo for scheduled meeting with President of Bosnia Alija Izetbegovic, Kruzel and two other American diplomats, Robert C. Frasure and Samuel Nelson Drew, were killed when their armored personnel carrier crashed into a 500-meter slope into a ravine when a rain-soaked dirt road at Mount Igman they were travelling on collapsed. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal on December 15, 1995, by U.S. President Bill Clinton. [9] [10] [11] [12]

Later life

Kruzel died on July 10, 2002, at the age of 84. After memorial services held for him at West Chapel in Eglin Air Force Base, he was buried with full military honors alongside his first wife and son at Arlington National Cemetery. [8]

Aerial victory credits

Date#TypeLocationAircraft flownUnit Assigned
February 17, 19421 Nakajima Ki-27 Palembang, Dutch East Indies P-40E Warhawk 77 FS, 20 FG
February 19, 19421 Mitsubishi A6M Zero Surabaya, Dutch East IndiesP-40E77 FS, 20 FG
February 20, 19421A6M Zero Bali, Dutch East IndiesP-40E77 FS, 20 FG
February 22, 19441 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Nijmegen, Netherlands P-47D Thunderbolt 361 FG HQ
April 29, 19440.5 Messerschmitt Bf 109 Steinhude Lake, Germany P-47D361 FG HQ
June 13, 19441Bf 109 Saint-Brieuc, France P-51B Mustang 361 FG HQ
June 25, 19441Fw 190 Lisieux, FranceP-51B361 FG HQ
SOURCES: Air Force Historical Study 85: USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II

Awards and deocrations

His military decorations include the Silver Star with two oak leaf clusters, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster, Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters, and the Bronze Star Medal. [1]

COMMAND PILOT WINGS.png    USAF Command pilot badge
Air Force Distinguished Service ribbon.svg Air Force Distinguished Service Medal [13]
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Silver Star ribbon.svg
Silver Star with two bronze oak leaf clusters [13]
Legion of Merit ribbon.svg Legion of Merit [13]
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg
Distinguished Flying Cross with bronze oak leaf cluster [13]
Bronze Star Medal ribbon.svg Bronze Star Medal
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Air Medal ribbon.svg
Air Medal with three bronze oak leaf clusters
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
AF Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon.png
Air Force Presidential Unit Citation with two bronze oak leaf clusters
Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg
American Defense Service ribbon.svg
American Defense Service Medal with service star
American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg American Campaign Medal
Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg
Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two bronze campaign stars
Silver-service-star-3d.svg
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver campaign star
World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
Army of Occupation ribbon.svg Army of Occupation Medal with 'Japan' clasp
Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg
National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg
National Defense Service Medal with service star
Silver oakleaf-3d.svg
Bronze oakleaf-3d.svg
Air Force Longevity Service ribbon.svg
Air Force Longevity Service Award with silver and bronze oak leaf clusters
USAF Marksmanship ribbon.svg Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabby Gabreski</span> American flying ace

Francis Stanley "Gabby" Gabreski was a Polish-American career pilot in the United States Air Force who retired as a colonel after 26 years of military service. He was the top American and United States Army Air Forces fighter ace over Europe during World War II and a jet fighter ace with the Air Force in the Korean War.

John C. Meyer United States Air Force general

General John Charles Meyer was an American World War II flying ace, and later the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) and director of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. SAC was the United States' major nuclear deterrent force with bombers, tankers and reconnaissance aircraft, and intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff coordinated the nation's nuclear war plans and developed the Single Integrated Operations Plan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bud Anderson</span> American World War II flying ace

Clarence Emil Anderson is a retired officer in the United States Air Force, a triple ace of World War II, and the highest scoring living American fighter ace. During the war he was the highest scoring flying ace in his P-51 Mustang squadron. Towards the end of Anderson's two combat tours in Europe in 1944 he was promoted to major at 22, a young age even for a highly effective officer in wartime. After the war Anderson became a well regarded fighter test pilot, and a fighter squadron and wing commander. He served his wing commander tour in combat in the Vietnam War. He retired as a full colonel in 1972, after which he worked in flight test management for McDonnell Douglas. A member of the National Aviation Hall of Fame, Anderson has remained a sought-after speaker at aviation and military events well into his 90s.

357th Fighter Group Military unit

The 357th Fighter Group was an air combat unit of the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War. The 357th operated P-51 Mustang aircraft as part of the U.S. Eighth Air Force and its members were known unofficially as the Yoxford Boys after the village of Yoxford near their base in the UK. Its victory totals in air-to-air combat are the most of any P-51 group in the Eighth Air Force and third among all groups fighting in Europe.

Jay T. Robbins United States Air Force general

Jay Thorpe Robbins was a career officer in the United States Air Force who rose to the rank of lieutenant general. He was also a United States Army Air Forces fighter ace of World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Everett W. Stewart</span>

Everett Wilson Stewart was an American flying ace of World War II with 7.83 aerial victories and 1.5 ground victories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal N. Baker</span> United States Air Force general

Lieutenant General Royal Newman "King" Baker was a United States Air Force flying ace during the Korean War. He accrued 13 victories in the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon M. Graham</span> United States Air Force general and World War II flying ace

Gordon Marion Graham was a United States Air Force lieutenant general. Graham was a combat pilot who, during World War II was credited with 7 aerial victories making him a flying ace. He is credited with a further 9.5 aircraft destroyed on the ground. By the end of World War II, Graham had flown 73 combat missions in the P-51 Mustang.

Gerald R. Johnson American World War II flying ace

Gerald Richard Johnson was a World War II flying ace who flew for the United States Army Air Forces. Johnson commanded the 9th Fighter Squadron and 49th Fighter Group, and became the fourth ranking fighter ace in the Pacific during World War II. He ended his war career with 22 kills.

Glenn T. Eagleston United States Air Force officer

Glenn Todd Eagleston was a career officer in the United States Air Force and the leading ace of Ninth Air Force in Europe in World War II. Eagleston was credited with 18 1/2 victories, two probable victories, and seven damaged German aircraft. He also destroyed at least five enemy aircraft on the ground, while flying P-51 Mustangs with the 354th Fighter Group.

Glenn E. Duncan American World War II flying ace

Glenn Emile Duncan was a career officer in the United States Air Force and one of the leading aces of Eighth Air Force in World War II in Europe and the top ace of the 353rd Fighter Group. Duncan was credited with 19.5 victories, one probable victory, and seven damaged German aircraft. He also destroyed at least nine enemy aircraft on the ground, while flying P-47 Thunderbolts with the 353rd Fighter Group. He flew combat missions in the P-47 Thunderbolts and P-51 Mustangs in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe L. Mason</span>

Joseph Lennard Mason was a colonel in the United States Air Force. He commanded the 352nd Fighter Group during World War II and was a fighter ace. He later commanded the 3595th Pilot Training Wing and the 49th Fighter-Bomber Wing during the Korean War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ernest C. Fiebelkorn</span> WWII and Korean War Ace Pilot

Ernest Charles Fiebelkorn was a United States Army Air Force fighter ace who was credited with shooting down 9 aircraft during World War II, making him the highest scoring fighter ace of the 20th Fighter Group. He was killed in action in 1950, during the Korean War.

Donavon F. Smith United States Air Force general

Donavon Francis Smith was a United States Army Air Forces flying ace during the World War II. He accrued 5.5 victories in the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William E. Bryan Jr.</span> Major General in the United States Air Force

William Elmer Bryan Jr. was a United States Air Force Major General and a flying ace. Bryan flew combined total of 235 combat missions in World War II and Korean War, and was credited in destroying 7.5 enemy aircraft in aerial combat during World War II. He retired in 1974, after 33 years of distinguished service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin H. King</span> Brigadier General in the United States Air Force

Benjamin Hardin King was a United States Air Force Brigadier General and a flying ace. King flew combat missions in World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War, and was credited in destroying 7 enemy aircraft in aerial combat during World War II. He retired in 1971, after 29 years of distinguished service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas L. Hayes Jr.</span> United States Air Force general

Thomas Lloyd Hayes Jr. was a United States Army Air Forces flying ace during the World War II. He accrued 8.5 victories in the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert J. Keen</span> American flying ace

Robert James Keen was an American flying ace in the 56th Fighter Group during World War II. He retired from the United States Air Force in 1972, after 30 years of distinguished service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William T. Halton</span> WWII flying ace

William Timothy Halton was a United States Army Air Force fighter ace in the 352nd Fighter Group who was credited with shooting down 10.5 aircraft during World War II. He was killed in action in 1952, during the Korean War.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Joseph J. Kruzel". United States Air Force. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 "Joseph J. Kruzel". Veteran Tributes. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  3. LaScaleia, Melissa. "Major General Joseph J. Kruzel - Vice Commander of the 354th at Myrtle Beach, American Ace in WWII". Coastal Insider. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "Joseph John "Joe" Kruzel". Ciel De Glorie. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  5. William N. Hess (2013). 49th Fighter Group: Aces of the Pacific. ISBN   9781472802040 . Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  6. "Joseph J. Kruzel". American Air Museum in Britain. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  7. Eric Hammel (November 21, 2020). Air War Europa Chronology: America's Air War Against Germany In Europe and North Africa 1942-1945. p. 492. ISBN   9798569101122 . Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Joseph John Kruzel - Major General, United States Air Force". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  9. "Joseph John Kruzel - Captain, United States Air Force". Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  10. O'Neil, John (1995-08-20). "Joseph Kruzel and S. N. Drew; U.S. Officials in Bosnia Crash". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  11. Meisler, Stanley (1995-08-20). "Accident Cut Short Peacemaking Careers : Diplomats: U.S. trio who died in Bosnia had done stints throughout world. Frasure spent last year in the Balkans". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  12. "Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Citizens Medals". The American Presidency Project. 1995-12-15. Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Valor awards for Joseph John Kruzel". Military Times. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates  public domain material from the United States Government document: " ".