Kim Kimoon | |
---|---|
Born | 1954 (age 69–70) |
Nationality | South Korean |
Alma mater | Seoul National University (B.S., 1977) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (M.S., 1979) Stanford University (Ph.D., 1986) |
Known for | Supramolecular chemistry, self-assembly, cucurbituril, metal-organic framework |
Awards | Izatt-Christensen Award (2012) Top Scientist and Technologist Award of Korea (2008) Ho-Am Prize (2006) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Chemistry |
Institutions | Pohang University of Science and Technology, Institute for Basic Science |
Thesis | Electrocatalytic four-electron reduction of dioxygen by metalloporphyrin adsorbed on graphite (1986) |
Doctoral advisors | James P. Collman, Mu Shik Jon |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 김기문 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Gim Gi-mun |
McCune–Reischauer | Kim Kimun |
Website | Center for Self-assembly and Complexity |
Kim Kimoon (born 1954) is a South Korean chemist and professor in the Department of Chemistry at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH). He is the first and current director of the Center for Self-assembly and Complexity at the Institute for Basic Science. Kim has authored or coauthored 300 papers which have been cited more than 30,000 times [1] and he holds a number of patents. [2] His work has been published in Nature , Nature Chemistry , Angewandte Chemie , and JACS , among others. He has been a Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher in the field of chemistry in 2014, 2015, 2016. [3]
His research has focused on developing novel functional materials and devices based on supramolecular chemistry. [4] In particular, his research group has worked on a various functional materials based on cucurbiturils (CB[n]s), [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] pumpkin-shaped macrocyclic molecules, and metal-organic porous materials for catalysis, separation, and gas storage. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] His discovery and isolation of new members of the CB[n] family reported in 2000 had a major impact in expanding the field. Additionally, his paper published in Nature in 2000, [5] which reported the synthesis of homochiral nanoporous crystalline materials using self-assembly and an application for a chiral catalyst, is notable as it was placed among 35 top notable chemical related papers published in Nature from 1950 to 2000. [16] His research has been recognized by a number of awards, including the Izatt-Christensen Award in 2012. [17]
Kim received his B.S. degree from Seoul National University in 1977, M.S. degree from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1979 under Prof. Mu Shik Jon, and Ph.D. degree from Stanford University in 1986 under Prof. James P. Collman. After graduating, he did two years of postdoctoral work at Northwestern University under Prof. James A. Ibers.
Kim started his academic career at the Department of Chemistry at POSTECH in 1988, where he is now a Distinguished University Professor (POSTECH Fellow). In 1997, Kim was appointed director of the Center for Smart Supramolecules supported by the Creative Research Initiatives program under the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). He later founded the Division of Advanced Materials Science in POSTECH, launched in 2008 with support from the World Class University Project. On August 1, 2012, he was named founding director of the Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) under the Institute for Basic Science (IBS). [18] The center focuses on non-equilibrium self-assembly, molecular recognition in complex systems, and emergent materials. [19]
Cucurbiturils were first synthesized in 1905 by Robert Behrend, by condensing glycoluril with formaldehyde, [20] but their structure was not elucidated until 1981. [21] The field expanded as cucurbituril homologues CB5, CB7, and CB8 were discovered and isolated by Kim Kimoon in 2000, which laid the foundation for the development of cucurbituril-based chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. [22] Cucurbituril homologues display unique chemical properties as macrocyclic host molecules with exceptionally high binding affinities, and they have found use in host-guest chemistry and formation of supramolecular structures/assembly. This brought more attention to the field, allowing CB10 and CB14 to later be discovered. [23] The first CB-dedicated workshop was held in Maryland in 2007 with support from National Science Foundation [24] which paved the way for the International Conference on Cucurbiturils to be been held every two years from 2009 which was first organized by Kim and hosted at POSTECH. [25] [26] His research on supermolecular chemistry, especially his work on cucurbituril, led him to receive the Izatt-Christensen Award. [17] In 2018, Kim co-authored the first textbook on cucurbiturils. [24] [27]
Kim has also focused his research on multifunctional modular porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and porous organic cages. Using an enantiopure organic building block and metal ion, his team was able to synthesize a homochiral metal–organic porous material, POST-1, and demonstrate that it works as a chiral catalyst. [5] his group contributed to the development of the modular porous materials field by demonstrating synthetic methodologies and applications. The team later designed and synthesized porphyrin boxes, a new class of porous organic cages consisting of porphyrins. Porphyrin boxes have been applied as a synthetic ion channel, electrochemical catalysis, and construction of hierarchical superstructures. [28]
Unlike conventional nanostructures built by reversible interactions/bonds, Kim discovered that the irreversible thiol-ene polymerization of rigid, disk-shaped building blocks resulted in robust hollow polymer nanocapsules with a narrow size distribution. [29] He was able to control the size, shape, property and functionality of the nanostructured materials, including spheres, [29] [30] film, [31] toroids, and tubular structures. [32] They have applications in therapeutics, [33] [34] [35] catalysis, [36] separation, [37] and electronics. The research demonstrated an alternate route for construction of nanostructured materials with specific morphology via self-assembly. [38]
Supramolecular chemistry refers to the branch of chemistry concerning chemical systems composed of a discrete number of molecules. The strength of the forces responsible for spatial organization of the system range from weak intermolecular forces, electrostatic charge, or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding, provided that the electronic coupling strength remains small relative to the energy parameters of the component. While traditional chemistry concentrates on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible non-covalent interactions between molecules. These forces include hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi–pi interactions and electrostatic effects.
In supramolecular chemistry, host–guest chemistry describes complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions that are held together in unique structural relationships by forces other than those of full covalent bonds. Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions through non-covalent bonding. Non-covalent bonding is critical in maintaining the 3D structure of large molecules, such as proteins and is involved in many biological processes in which large molecules bind specifically but transiently to one another.
In host-guest chemistry, cucurbiturils are macrocyclic molecules made of glycoluril monomers linked by methylene bridges. The oxygen atoms are located along the edges of the band and are tilted inwards, forming a partly enclosed cavity (cavitand). The name is derived from the resemblance of this molecule with a pumpkin of the family of Cucurbitaceae.
In chemistry, cryptands are a family of synthetic, bicyclic and polycyclic, multidentate ligands for a variety of cations. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1987 was given to Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Charles J. Pedersen for their efforts in discovering and determining uses of cryptands and crown ethers, thus launching the now flourishing field of supramolecular chemistry. The term cryptand implies that this ligand binds substrates in a crypt, interring the guest as in a burial. These molecules are three-dimensional analogues of crown ethers but are more selective and strong as complexes for the guest ions. The resulting complexes are lipophilic.
Corannulene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C20H10. The molecule consists of a cyclopentane ring fused with 5 benzene rings, so another name for it is [5]circulene. It is of scientific interest because it is a geodesic polyarene and can be considered a fragment of buckminsterfullerene. Due to this connection and also its bowl shape, corannulene is also known as a buckybowl. Buckybowls are fragments of buckyballs. Corannulene exhibits a bowl-to-bowl inversion with an inversion barrier of 10.2 kcal/mol (42.7 kJ/mol) at −64 °C.
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a synthetic strategy employed by chemists to make complex molecular and supramolecular assemblies from discrete molecular building blocks. DCvC has allowed access to complex assemblies such as covalent organic frameworks, molecular knots, polymers, and novel macrocycles. Not to be confused with dynamic combinatorial chemistry, DCvC concerns only covalent bonding interactions. As such, it only encompasses a subset of supramolecular chemistries.
Achim Müller is a German chemist. He is Professor Emeritus at the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld.
In polymer chemistry and materials science, the term "polymer" refers to large molecules whose structure is composed of multiple repeating units. Supramolecular polymers are a new category of polymers that can potentially be used for material applications beyond the limits of conventional polymers. By definition, supramolecular polymers are polymeric arrays of monomeric units that are connected by reversible and highly directional secondary interactions–that is, non-covalent bonds. These non-covalent interactions include van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, Coulomb or ionic interactions, π-π stacking, metal coordination, halogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, and host–guest interaction. The direction and strength of the interactions are precisely tuned so that the array of molecules behaves as a polymer in dilute and concentrated solution, as well as in the bulk.
In chemistry, a halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. Like a hydrogen bond, the result is not a formal chemical bond, but rather a strong electrostatic attraction. Mathematically, the interaction can be decomposed in two terms: one describing an electrostatic, orbital-mixing charge-transfer and another describing electron-cloud dispersion. Halogen bonds find application in supramolecular chemistry; drug design and biochemistry; crystal engineering and liquid crystals; and organic catalysis.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous polymers that form two- or three-dimensional structures through reactions between organic precursors resulting in strong, covalent bonds to afford porous, stable, and crystalline materials. COFs emerged as a field from the overarching domain of organic materials as researchers optimized both synthetic control and precursor selection. These improvements to coordination chemistry enabled non-porous and amorphous organic materials such as organic polymers to advance into the construction of porous, crystalline materials with rigid structures that granted exceptional material stability in a wide range of solvents and conditions. Through the development of reticular chemistry, precise synthetic control was achieved and resulted in ordered, nano-porous structures with highly preferential structural orientation and properties which could be synergistically enhanced and amplified. With judicious selection of COF secondary building units (SBUs), or precursors, the final structure could be predetermined, and modified with exceptional control enabling fine-tuning of emergent properties. This level of control facilitates the COF material to be designed, synthesized, and utilized in various applications, many times with metrics on scale or surpassing that of the current state-of-the-art approaches.
Young-Tae Chang is a South Korean chemist. He is a professor of chemistry at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) and Associate Director under Kim Kimoon at the Center for Self-assembly and Complexity at the Institute for Basic Science located on the POSTECH campus.
A two-dimensional polymer (2DP) is a sheet-like monomolecular macromolecule consisting of laterally connected repeat units with end groups along all edges. This recent definition of 2DP is based on Hermann Staudinger's polymer concept from the 1920s. According to this, covalent long chain molecules ("Makromoleküle") do exist and are composed of a sequence of linearly connected repeat units and end groups at both termini.
Harry Laurence Anderson is a British chemist in the Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford. He is well known for his contributions in the syntheses of supramolecular systems, exploration of the extraordinary physical properties of large pi-conjugated systems, and synthesis of cyclo[18]carbon. He is a Professor of Chemistry at Keble College, Oxford.
Kwang Soo Kim is a South Korean professor in chemistry, an adjunct professor in physics, and the director of Center for Superfunctional Materials (CSM), of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in South Korea. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Applied Chemistry from Seoul National University and also an M.S. degree in Physics from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) (1975). He obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of California, Berkeley (1982). His research fields include Theoretical/Computational Chemistry/Physics and Experimental Nanosciences.
Philip Alan Gale is an Australian/British chemist, Deputy Dean of Science and Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney. He is notable for his work on the supramolecular chemistry of anions.
Rajendra Rathore was an organic chemist and professor at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as Pfletschinger-Habermann professor of organic chemistry. He made important contributions in the area of supramolecular chemistry, synthesis of novel electro-active molecules, and drug discovery. Rathore died on 16 February 2018, after complications from chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Dmitrii "Dima" F. Perepichka is the Chair of Chemistry Department and Sir William C. MacDonald Chair Professor in Chemistry at McGill University. His research interest are primarily in the area of organic electronics. He has contributed in the understanding of structural electronics effects of organic conjugated materials at molecular, supramolecular, and macromolecular levels via the study of small molecules, supramolecular (co-)assemblies, polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and on-surface assemblies/polymers.
Helma B. Wennemers is a German organic chemist. She is a professor of organic chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
Jayaraman Sivaguru (Siva) is the Antonia and Marshall Wilson Professor of Chemistry and the Associate Director, Center for Photochemical Sciences at the Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio. He is a recipient of 2008 National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 2010 Grammaticakis-Neumann Prize from the Swiss Chemical Society, 2011 young-investigator award from the Inter-American Photochemical Society (I-APS), and 2012-young investigator award from Sigma Xi. His honors also include Excellence in Research award, 2011 Excellence in Teaching award, and the 2012 PeltierAward for Innovation in Teaching. Prof. Siaguru was a visiting young professor at the Global Centre for Excellence at Osaka University, Japan and was a visiting fellow for the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative in 2018. He is an editor for the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry and from 2020 serves as the co-Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology published by Elsevier. He is an international board member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) photochemistry symposium.
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These numerical data support Kim's wish expressed during the last evening of the 1st International Conference on Cucurbiturils (July 10–11, 2009)held at POSTECH in Pohang, Korea, that CB[n]s would be to the next decade what calixarenes have been to the previous one.