Komanda massacre

Last updated
Komanda massacre
Part of the Kivu conflict and the ADF insurgency
Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Ituri.svg
Red pog.svg
Komanda
Komanda (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Location of Komanda within the Ituri province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Native nameMassacre de Komanda, Mauaji ya Komanda
Location 1°21′44.31″N29°46′38.58″E / 1.3623083°N 29.7773833°E / 1.3623083; 29.7773833
Komanda, Ituri province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Date27 July 2025
~01:00 a.m. CAT (UTC+02:00)
TargetSaint Anuarite Catholic church and the town of Komanda
Attack type
 Mass murder, mass shooting, massacre
Weapons Light arms, machetes
Deaths43-50 civilians (including 19 women, 15 men, and 9 children)
Injured13 civilians
Victims12-14 missing
Thousands displaced
Perpetrator

The Komanda massacre (French: Massacre de Komanda, Swahili: Mauaji ya Komanda) occurred on 27 July 2025, when Islamic State-affiliated (IS) Allied Democratic Forces (ADF-Baluku) rebels attacked the Saint Anuarite Catholic church in Komanda, Zunguluka district, Irumu territory in central Ituri province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). [1] [2] The attack occurred in the middle of the night, during which ADF rebels targeted a night vigil. [3] [4] [5] Between 43-50 Congolese civilians were killed, with credible estimates listing 43 deaths, including 19 women, 15 men, and nine children. [a]

Contents

The attack drew significant domestic and international attention, including statements coming from Pope Leo XIV, the Episcopal Conference of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (CENCO), the United Nation's (UN) peacekeeping force in the DRC (MONUSCO), the UN Security Council (UNSC), and others. The DRC's armed forces (FARDC) and MONUSCO were rapidly deployed to the town to maintain security, aid in burying deceased victims of the attacks, and provide medical support.

Background

Main articles: Allied Democratic Forces and Operation Shujaa

Following the radicalization of its founding leader, Jamil Mukulu, the ADF was formed as a merger of several rebel groups (initially called ADF/NALU) in 1995. The ADF initially operated in western Uganda but has since, and currently continues, to operate solely in the eastern DRC; this includes the North Kivu and Ituri Provinces.

The ADF's leadership shifted after the imprisonment of Mukulu on 30 April 2015. Musa Seka Baluku, Mukulu's second-in-command since the group's formation, stepped forward in his place shortly after. Under Baluku's leadership, the group made contact with the IS as early as 2017, were formally recognized as a chapter of Islamic State–Central Africa Province (IS-CAP) in 2018, and formally pledged their allegiance to the IS in 2019. By that year, the ADF had split, with one part remaining loyal to Mukulu and the other to Baluku; they renewed their allegiance in April 2022. [12]

In response to growing causalities at the hands of the ADF, the Congolese and Ugandan armed forces created a joint military force called Operation Shujaa in November 2021. The Operation's already mixed perception, due to views of Uganda's role in the Second Congo War, was further put into question regarding its effectiveness in actually preventing ADF attacks. According to BBC Monitoring , 90% of the IS' operations were carried out in Africa by September, [13] of which the ADF committed the second-highest number of civilian killings by a non-state actors globally in 2025, according to Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED). [14]

Motives and premonitions of violence

July was a particularly bloody month for killings at the hands of ADF militants. Prior to the massacre, 30 incidents of violence were recorded around Komanda, 15 of which were claimed by the ADF. [6] Earlier in the month, the ADF had perpetrated the killings of 82 or more civilians throughout Ituri and North Kivu. [15] In response, UPDF forces of Operation Shujaa executed a bombing pressure campaign in the forests of Mambasa and along the axis towards Komanda. [6]

The motive for the attack is ultimately unclear, but is believed to stem from retaliatory efforts in response to the escalated bombing campaign led by the joint forces of Operation Shujaa. [16] [17] Lieutenant Jules Ngongo, the Congolese army's spokesman for the Ituri province, believed the attack was intended to divert attention from the increased efforts of the army. [3] Onesphore Sematumba, a Congo analyst at the International Crisis Group, instead argued that “these joint operations have only succeeded in dispersing the ADF without really protecting civilians from their wrathful reprisals" and believes that "the ADF is taking more or less the advantage of the Congolese army’s and international diplomacy’s focus on the M23 further south without attracting too much attention.” [18]

The Saint Anuarite church (French: Paroisse Bienheureuse Anuarite de Komanda, Swahili: Heri Anuarite Parokia ya Komanda), a parish of the Catholic Church, reportedly sent a request in June 2025 to local authorities for protection from possible attacks during church activities. [19] MONUSCO itself published a press release days before the massacre, on 23 July, condemning the resurgence of ADF attacks. [20] Similarly, the United States Embassy located in Kinshasa specifically warned of terrorist attacks in places of worship on 20 July. [21] Despite these warnings, local forces did not act on the church's request and neither MONUSCO, the FARDC, nor those local authorities intervened during the attack. [19]

Massacre

The Saint Anuarite church was holding a night vigil for its 25th anniversary prior to the attack where some 100 individuals were present. [22] [19] [23] Some in attendance were preparing for their confirmation. [9] Individuals were present at the church multiple days prior to the attack. [22]

Komanda massacre
Komanda massacre
Location of the Saint Anuarite church on the eastern side of the town of Komanda and Mount Hoyo

It is believed that the rebel cell perpetrating the massacre travelled from a stronghold located in Mount Hoyo, a mountain located southeast of Komanda; the stronghold's position was estimated to be approximately 12 kilometers from Komanda. [18] [24] The directionality of the attack likely indicated that it was led by Commander Seka Umaru, Musa Baluku's second-in-command. [25] The attack began around 1:00 a.m. local time between the night of 26 July and morning of 27 July, when ADF forces stormed the church. [22] [26] After rounding up dozens of churchgoers, rebels executed 20 individuals with machetes and others with light firearms. [b] [3] [19] [24] However, others present at the vigil were able to escape into the surrounding forest, between twelve and fourteen of which went missing according to a local chaplain and other witnesses. [28] [29] One survivor from inside the church told Human Rights Watch (HRW):

They told us to sit down, and then started hitting people [with blunt instruments] on the back of the neck. They killed two people I didn’t know, and that’s when I decided to flee with four others...We managed to run away – they shot at us but didn’t hit us. [22]

Following the massacre within the church, rebels proceeded to burn stores and homes, [7] particularly near the Congo General Savings Bank  [ fr ] (CADECO), which the Irumu civil society said caused "enormous damage." [30] Some victims were found to have been burned inside vehicles and buildings. [23] [31] One man was found charred inside of his truck, which the ADF had set ablaze. [24] A total of five individuals were killed in the attack on Komanda town generally. [5] In addition, several children between the ages of 12 and 14 were kidnapped. [7] [32] Since then, some of those kidnapped have managed to escape. [5]

The alarm about the attack was raised around 2:00 a.m., [24] however, all ADF rebels were able to escape prior to the arrival of security forces. [18] It was later reported that network issues slowed the alarm's sounding and response time. [22]

Reactions and response

The IS-aligned ADF-Baluku faction would claim credit for the attack later on July 28 through Telegram. [2] [33] They specifically claimed that 45 churchgoers were killed in the attack, in addition to touting having burned shops and homes within the town of Komanda. [5] [33]

The region in the Komanda vicinity had been in relative peace months prior to the massacre, with many displaced civilians having returned. [24] The day after the attack, however, virtually all daily activity in Komanda ceased once again, [24] followed by an exodus of thousands of its residents joining other internally displaced persons (IDPs) fleeing from the nearby neighborhoods considered vulnerable including Base, Zunguluka, Umoja, and Ngombenyama. [34] They joined the 20,000 to 30,000 individuals in Ituri had been displaced or were fleeing in response to the attack and other regional instability, primarily attributed to ADF and Cooperative for the Development of the Congo (CODECO) attacks. [35] These IDPs were predominantly headed towards the cities of Kisangani and Bunia. [34]

Domestic

The opposition candidate, Moïse Katumbi of the Together for the Republic party, responded to the Komanda massacre in a Twitter post, criticizing the "total absence of Kinshasa's power in the area under its control, particularly in the eastern part of the Republic." He cited illicit and self-interested motivations as cause for the government's poor response. [36]

Religious institutions

Pope Leo XIV stated on 28 July 2025: "may the blood of these martyrs become a seed of peace, reconciliation, fraternity, and love for the Congolese people." President of the CENCO, archbishop Marcel Utembi Tapa, received the Pope's comments from Cardinal Pietro Parolin via Telegram, reading: "His Holiness Pope Leo XIV learned with dismay and deep sorrow of the attack perpetrated against the Parish of Blessed Anuarite in Komanda, which caused the death of several faithful gathered for worship." [37] [38] According to Vatican News , "the Pope also extended his Apostolic Blessing to the Parish of Blessed Anuarite, to the grieving families, the faithful of the DRC, and the entire nation, offering comfort amid their anguish." [38]

The Pope later again expressed "deep sorrow" regarding the attack on the churchgoers of the Saint Anuarite Catholic church. [32] [37] [39] He prayed for the victims during his weekly Wednesday audience in St. Peter’s Square, during which he stated the following in his appeal: [39]

I renew my deep sorrow for the brutal terrorist attack that occurred during the night between 26 and 27 July in Komanda, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where over 40 Christians were killed in a church during a prayer vigil, and in their own homes. As I entrust the victims to God’s loving Mercy, I pray for the wounded and for Christians around the world who continue to suffer violence and persecution. I urge those with local and international responsibility, to work together in order to prevent such tragedies. [40]

Other religious organizations have echoed the pope's comments. The CENCO called the attack an "odious massacre," [39] in addition to expressing concern over security forces' failure to identify the ADF militants in the Mount Hoyo stronghold prior to the massacre. Especially with the area being under what it called a "siege," CENCO argued this may have factored into the massacre being successfully carried out. [36] The World Council of Churches (WCC) called it "a tragic and unacceptable act of violence against innocent worshippers gathered in prayer." [41]

Military and intergovernmental organizations

The FARDC and MONUSCO both denounced the attack. [1] [2] [42] The UN jointly supported MONUSCO's condemnation which expressed a "deep outrage at these heinous acts of violence, which constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law and infringements on human rights." [8] [43] The UNSC released a press release on 7 August 2025, issued by Council President Eloy Alfaro de Alba, "expressed their deepest condolences to the families of the victims and to the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and wished a swift recovery to those injured." [44]

The FARDC and UPDF increased military presence in the Komanda center to track down rebels in their joint Operation Shujaa efforts. [24] [45] Congolese forces were reportedly deployed three kilometers and MONUSCO one kilometer south of the church. [22] In a press release, MONUSCO pledged to provide aid to local authorities with burials and medical aid, [1] [8] which they followed through with; [46] locals conducted mass burials with the aid of MONUSCO-provided excavator. [17] [31] It also stated that it has "intensified its security efforts in and around Komanda by increasing the frequency of patrols in the area." [8] The FARDC, local Congolese National Police (PNC), and MONUSCO all participated in these patrols. [45] On 29 July, joint security forces were fired at by suspected Patriotic and Integrationist Force of Congo (FPIC) militia fighters in the Baiti neighborhood which was condemned by local authorities and youth representatives alike. [45] The pressure pushed ADF militants near Komanda towards the neighboring territory of Mambasa, which joint Operation Shujaa forces agreed to extend their operations into. [30]

A public information officer within the MONUSCO rapid deployable battalion based in Komanda told Human Rights Watch (HRW) that "the ADF is known to employ silent killer tactics, striking swiftly, organized and unpredictable. In this case, the attack occurred in the early hours of the morning, targeting a religious gathering attended by a large number of civilians' and that MONUSCO had taken steps to 'intensify protection efforts in the area.'" A military source within the FARDC told HRW that a "military justice instigation" had been opened and that further troops were deployed in the region for civilian security. [5]

According to Radio Okapi , Jacques Anayeyi, president of the Irumu Territorial Youth Council, "welcomed these security efforts but deplored the political exploitation of the situation" and "accused certain political actors of manipulating a section of the youth to fuel hostility against MONUSCO, thus endangering security cohesion. 'Some politicians are taking advantage of the situation to stir up rejection of MONUSCO,' he said." [45]

International

Numerous international governments expressed their condolences. France's foreign ministry expressed condolence to victims' families, solidarity with the Congolese government, and called for militants to lay down their arms. [47] Belgium's prime minister, Maxime Prévot, condemned the violence and called for militants to lay down their arms. [48]

Human Rights organizations

Human Rights Watch encouraged the FARDC and MONUSCO to "urgently" complete its investigation and publish its findings. Furthermore, it argued that the military organization should reestablish trust with civilians to receive notice of militant activities and other protection needs. It underscored the need to have quicker response times and to find and hold ADF militants accountable. Citing Operation Shujaa not curbing violence in North Kivu and Ituri, HRW called for the African Union (AU) and UNSC to build a "credible strategy to address the deepening security crisis and grave rights abuses." It extended a similar recommendation to President of the DRC, Félix Tshisekedi, specifically through "tighter military oversight" to avoid further atrocities as the government "has a duty to protect civilians and ensure justice for victims of these repeated atrocities." [5]

The US-based Human Rights Research Center (HRRC) also condemned the attack, calling it "barbaric" and a "blatant violation of international humanitarian law" which required accountability and further security guarantees. [15]

Analysis

Targeting of Christians and community involvement

The US-based Middle East Media Research Institute cited the Komanda massacre, and particularly the imagery of the slaughter of Christian civilians released by the ADF, to argue that a "silent genocide" was occurring against Christians in central and southern Africa. [c] [49]

Reagan Miviri, a researcher at Ebuteli, argued that the ADF militant's visible preparedness when entering the village raised questions about whether local complicity was present prior to the massacre. [6]

Shortcomings of Operation Shujaa

The widespread international response to the massacre again drew into question the effectiveness of Operation Shujaa, which according to a report by a UN Group of Experts did not respond adequately to the active, violent ADF cells in northwest Lubero. In spite of US sanctions against the ADF being in place since 2014, the UN Group and other human rights organizations furthermore argued that the ADF was taking advantage of the March 23 Movement's (M23) insurgency in North and South Kivu. [15] [46] [47] A senior research at HRW, Clémentine de Montjoye, added that the massacre "highlight[ed] the insecurity in eastern Congo" and argued there was a "need the Congolese government to urgently step up efforts to protect civilians and hold those responsible to account." [5] The HRRC furthermore argued that "strong international assistance" was needed. [15]

Notes

  1. ↑ Some initial reports claimed higher death counts including the United Nations [1] and Prensa Latina. [6] Others reported the correct number of deaths including Al Jazeera , [2] Reuters , [7] MONUSCO, [8] TRT World , [9] a later United Nations release, [10] and ACLED. [11]
  2. ↑ Experts Caleb Weiss & Ryan O'Farrell, writing for the Foundation for Defense of Democracies' Long War Journal reported, however, that 40 individuals were killed within the church. [27]
  3. ↑ The MEMRI report published to Fox News was contributed to by the Associated Press .

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "UN condemns deadly attack on worshippers in DR Congo | UN News". news.un.org. 2025-07-28. Archived from the original on 2025-07-28. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "ISIL claims responsibility for deadly church attack in eastern DR Congo". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2025-07-29. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
  3. 1 2 3 "ADF in DR Congo: IS-linked rebels accused of killing Christian worshippers in Komanda". www.bbc.com. 2025-07-28. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  4. ↑ commsmanager (2025-07-28). "Nearly 40 Christians Killed in ADF Attack in Komanda, DRC". International Christian Concern. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "DR Congo: Armed Group Massacres Dozens in Church". Human Rights Watch . 6 August 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "DRC: Around 30,000 displaced after ADF attack - Prensa Latina". 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  7. 1 2 3 "Islamic State claims responsibility for attack on east Congo church". Reuters. 2025-07-29. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "MONUSCO condemns the ADF armed group's attack that claimed the lives of 43 civilians in Komanda and intensifies protection efforts in Ituri" (PDF) (Press release). Kinshasa: MONUSCO. 27 July 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  9. 1 2 "ADF rebels kill at least three people in eastern DRC, days after deadly attack on church". TRT World. Archived from the original on 2025-08-03. Retrieved 2025-08-03.
  10. ↑ "Violence Outpacing Diplomacy in Democratic Republic of Congo, United Nations Senior Official Warns amid Surge in Civilian Deaths | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". press.un.org. Archived from the original on 2025-08-24. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
  11. ↑ "Africa Overview: August 2025 | ACLED". acleddata.com. 2025-07-04. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
  12. ↑ Caleb Weiss; Ryan O'Farrell (6 April 2022). "ADF renews pledge of allegiance to new Islamic State leader". Long War Journal . Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Chothia, Farouk (9 September 2025). "Dozens of DR Congo mourners killed in attack linked to jihadist group". BBC . Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  14. ↑ Carboni, Andrea; Murillo, Ciro (11 December 2025). What's driving conflict today? A review of global trends (Report). Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Fatima Khan, Aamnah (1 August 2025). "Massacre at Komanda: ADF Church Attack Sparks Global Condemnation and Human Rights Outcry". Human Rights Research Center. Retrieved 28 February 2026.
  16. ↑ "Islamic State-aligned rebels kill 66 civilians in eastern Congo". AP News. 2025-07-12. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  17. 1 2 Kakule, Job (2025-07-28). "Ituri : Enterrement collectif de 24 victimes parmi les 38 civils tués par les ADF à Komanda". www.grandslacsnews.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  18. 1 2 3 "An attack on a Congolese church killed nearly 40 worshippers. Here's what to know". AP News. 2025-07-28. Archived from the original on 2025-07-31. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Davis, Hannah (2025-07-28). "Congo Church Mourns Nearly 50 Deaths After Terror Attack". Decision Magazine. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  20. ↑ "MONUSCO strongly condemns the resurgence of violence in Djugu Territory and deadly ADF attacks in Ituri and North Kivu" (PDF) (Press release). Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 23 July 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  21. ↑ Kinshasa, U. S. Embassy (2025-07-20). "Security Alert: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo". U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Archived from the original on 2025-07-22. Retrieved 2025-09-11.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "DR Congo: Armed Group Massacres Dozens in Church | Human Rights Watch". 2025-08-06. Archived from the original on 2025-08-17. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
  23. 1 2 Jammeh, Saikou; Makangara, Justin (27 July 2025). "Dozens Are Killed by ISIS-Linked Rebels at a Church in Congo" . The New York Times . Dakar, Senegal and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Archived from the original on 31 October 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Carnage en Ituri : une attaque des ADF fait 43 morts et d'importants dégâts à Komanda". Radio Okapi (in French). 2025-07-27. Archived from the original on 2025-08-16. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
  25. ↑ "Africa Overview: August 2025 | ACLED". acleddata.com. 2025-07-04. Retrieved 2025-08-28.
  26. ↑ "Islamic state-backed rebels kill 38 in attack on east Congo church". Reuters. 2025-07-27. Archived from the original on 2025-07-27. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  27. ↑ Weiss, Caleb; O'Farrell, Ryan (12 December 2025). "Analysis: The Islamic State's war on Christians in Congo". Foundation for Defense of Democracies' Long War Journal . Archived from the original on 10 February 2026. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  28. ↑ commsmanager (2025-07-28). "Nearly 40 Christians Killed in ADF Attack in Komanda, DRC". International Christian Concern. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  29. ↑ Minh Hào Nguyen, William (29 July 2025). "Attaque contre une église en RD-Congo : en Ituri, le projet de terreur du groupe islamiste ADF" [Attack on a church in DR Congo: in Ituri, the terror project of the Islamist group ADF]. La Croix (in French). Retrieved 28 February 2026.
  30. 1 2 Upar, Freddy (27 July 2025). "RDC: au moins 30 civils dont des chrétiens tués dans une attaque des ADF à Komanda en Ituri" [DRC: at least 30 civilians including Christians killed in an ADF attack in Komanda in Ituri]. Actualité.cd (in French). Bunia, Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  31. 1 2 "Scores killed in DR Congo attack on Catholic Church - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 2025-07-28. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  32. 1 2 Lawal, Shola. "Is ISIL a growing threat in the DR Congo and East Africa?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2025-07-31. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  33. 1 2 "Islamic State claims responsibility for attack on east Congo church". Reuters . 29 July 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  34. 1 2 "Africa/DR Congo - Massacre in a church in Komanda. Survivors flee". Agenzia Fides . 28 July 2025. Retrieved 28 February 2026.
  35. ↑ "Ituri : la MONUSCO renforce sa présence dans les zones affectées par les violences des groupes armés CODECO et Zaïre". Radio Okapi (in French). 2025-07-26. Archived from the original on 2025-08-02. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  36. 1 2 Lukombo, Samyr (29 July 2025). "Plus de 40 civils tués à Komanda : « le sang a trop coulé dans l'indifférence totale du régime de Kinshasa » (Moïse Katumbi)" [More than 40 civilians killed in Komanda: "too much blood has been shed in the total indifference of the Kinshasa regime" (Moïse Katumbi)]. Actualité.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 13 January 2026. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  37. 1 2 "RDC : le Pape Léon XIV consterné par l'attaque des islamistes ADF contre une paroisse catholique à Komanda faisant plus de 40 morts" [DRC: Pope Leo XIV dismayed by the attack by ADF Islamists against a Catholic parish in Komanda leaving more than 40 dead]. Actualité.cd (in French). 28 July 2026. Archived from the original on 29 July 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  38. 1 2 "Pope: May blood of 'martyrs' in DRC church attack become seed of peace - Vatican News". Vatican News . 2025-07-28. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-09-23.
  39. 1 2 3 "Pope Leo expresses 'deep sorrow' over deadly attack on church in DR Congo". Crux. 2025-07-30. Archived from the original on 2025-07-31. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  40. ↑ "General Audience of 30 July 2025 | LEO XIV". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2025-07-31. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  41. ↑ "WCC Statement Condemning Attack on Catholic Church in Komanda, Democratic Republic of Congo | World Council of Churches". www.oikoumene.org. Archived from the original on 2025-07-31. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  42. ↑ "MONUSCO condemns the ADF armed group's attack that claimed the lives of 43 civilians in Komanda and intensifies protection efforts in Ituri". MONUSCO (Press release). 2025-07-27. Retrieved 2025-07-31.
  43. ↑ "DR Congo: UN deplores deadly attacks in the east of the country | UN News". news.un.org. 2025-08-19. Archived from the original on 2025-09-11. Retrieved 2025-09-11.
  44. ↑ United Nations Security Council Press ReleaseSC/16139.Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Democratic Republic of Congo. 7 August 2025.
  45. 1 2 3 4 "Patrouilles militaires renforcées à Komanda après l'attaque des ADF". Radio Okapi (in French). 2025-07-30. Archived from the original on 2025-07-30. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
  46. 1 2 Muamba, Clément (28 July 2025). "RDC: le bilan de l'attaque des ADF à Komanda s'élève à 43 civils tués dont des chrétiens catholiques, la Monusco se dit "indignée" face à ces actes de violence" [DRC: the death toll from the ADF attack in Komanda stands at 43 civilians killed, including Catholic Christians, MONUSCO says it is “outraged” by these acts of violence]. Actualité.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 28 July 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  47. 1 2 Muamba, Clément (28 July 2025). "Ituri : la France condamne avec la plus "grande fermeté" l'attaque des ADF à Komanda et exprime sa solidarité au gouvernement congolais" [Ituri: France condemns in the "greatest firmness" the ADF attack in Komanda and expresses its solidarity with the Congolese government]. Actualité.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 28 July 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  48. ↑ Muamba, Clément (29 July 2025). "La Belgique s'alarme face à la recrudescence des violences en Ituri en l'occurrence les tueries de plus de 40 civils par les ADF à Komanda" [Belgium is alarmed by the increase in violence in Ituri, in this case the killings of more than 40 civilians by the ADF in Komanda]. Actualité.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 15 August 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026.
  49. ↑ Wallace, Danielle (7 August 2025). "ISIS soldiers behead Christians in Mozambique, burning church and homes: 'Silent genocide'". Fox News . Archived from the original on 18 February 2026. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.