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References
- ↑ Hoffman, David (2003). The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 272. ISBN 1-586-48202-5.
- ↑ Koltsova, Olessia (2006). News Media and Power in Russia. BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European Studies. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 0-415-34515-4.
- ↑ White, Stephen; McAllister, Ian (2006). "Politics and the Media in Post-Communist Russia" (PDF). In Voltmer, Katrin (ed.). Mass Media and Political Communication in New Democracies. Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp. 225–226. ISBN 0-415-33779-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ↑ Wheatley, Jonathan (2005). Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 104–105. ISBN 0-754-64503-7.
- ↑ Operation Smear Campaign, The Ukrainian Week (10 September 2013)
- ↑ Braun, Elisa (14 February 2020). "How kompromat on a close Macron ally went viral". POLITICO. An example of the use of "kompromat"
- ↑ Choy, James P. (2020). "Kompromat: A theory of blackmail as a system of governance". Journal of Development Economics. 147: 102535. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102535. ISSN 0304-3878. S2CID 225375805.
- 1 2 Ledeneva, Alena V. (30 September 2013). How Russia Really Works: The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business. Cornell University Press. p. 288. ISBN 9780801470059 . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- 1 2 Higgins, Andrew (9 December 2016). "Foes of Russia Say Child Pornography Is Planted to Ruin Them". The New York Times . Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Waxman, Olivia B. (12 January 2017). "Document Claims Russia Has Donald Trump 'Kompromat.' What Is That?". Time . New York . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ↑ Maher, Richard (12 January 2017). "What is 'kompromat' and how does it work?". New Statesman . London: GlobalData. ISSN 1364-7431 . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
Kompromat has become a part of the political culture in Russia. Nearly everyone within Russia's business and political elite has at one time or another collected and stored potentially compromising material on their political opponents for future use. Kompromat can be real or fabricated, and generally involves drugs, prostitutes, sexual escapades, sleazy business deals, illicit financial schemes, or embezzlement.
- ↑ Woolf, Christopher (11 January 2017). "Moscow's long history of gathering 'kompromat'". Minneapolis: Public Radio International . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
'Kompromat,' says David Filipov, 'means "compromising material" that can be used down the road as leverage over somebody. [...] 'This was something former KGB officers were telling us here,' adds Filipov, 'they're not necessarily targeting you. You show up and they say, let's just see what this guy does. So they'll record you, they'll do surveillance, see what you're up to. Some stuff gets in a file and maybe they can use it, maybe they can't use it.
- 1 2 Ioffe, Julia (11 January 2017). "How Blackmail Works in Russia". The Atlantic . Washington, D.C. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Tucker, Joshua (12 January 2017). "Everything you need to know about the Russian art of 'kompromat'" . The Washington Post . ISSN 0190-8286 . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ↑ Davidson, Adam (19 July 2018). "A Theory of Trump Kompromat". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X . Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ↑ "Settlements prompt review of New Mexico's settlement system". AP NEWS. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ↑ Jones, Bryony; Mackintosh, Eliza (12 January 2017). "What is Kompromat?". CNN . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ↑ Higgins, Andrew; Kramer, Andrew (12 January 2017). "Sexual blackmail, Russia style: a history of 'kompromat'". The Irish Times . Dublin . Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- 1 2 Hodge, Nathan; Grove, Thomas (11 January 2017). "Trump Dossier Spotlights Russian History of 'Kompromat'". The Wall Street Journal . New York . Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Osborn, Andrew (28 April 2010). "Amateur model known as 'Katya' revealed as Russian honey trap bait". Daily Telegraph . London . Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Higgins, Andrew (9 December 2016). "Foes of Russia Say Child Pornography Is Planted to Ruin Them". The New York Times . Retrieved 26 January 2017.
- 1 2 Myre, Greg (11 January 2017). "A Russian Word Americans Need To Know: 'Kompromat'". All Things Considered . Washington D.C. National Public Radio. A Russian Word Americans Need To Know: 'Kompromat' . Retrieved 29 January 2019.
In other recent cases, Russian operatives have been suspected or accused of placing child pornography on the personal computers of individuals they were attempting to discredit. Russian Vladimir Bukovsky, 73, a longtime critic of Soviet and Russian leaders, now lives in Britain, where he faces charges related to child pornography. But the case was delayed while investigators checked to see whether the images on Bukovsky's computer were placed there by an outside party, The New York Times reported last month, citing other similar cases.
- ↑ "Vladimir Bukovsky to be prosecuted over indecent images of children". Crown Prosecution Service. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Higgins, Andrew. "Vladimir Bukovsky, Revered Soviet Dissident and Putin Critic, Dies at 76." New York Times , 28 October 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2020
- ↑ Nelson, Eliot; Young, Jeffrey (10 January 2017). "Kompromat? More Like KomproMAGA!". The Huffington Post . Oath . Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ "Trump says Russian 'kompromat' claims are fake". Financial Times . London: Nikkei. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ↑ Townsend, Mark; Smith, David (14 January 2017). "Senior British politicians 'targeted by Kremlin' for smear campaigns". The Guardian . London . Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ↑ Wright, Austin (8 May 2017). "Sally Yates: 'We believed that Gen. Flynn was compromised'". Politico . Arlington: Capitol News Company . Retrieved 24 February 2018.
- ↑ Lizza, Ryan (9 May 2017). "Michael Flynn's Questionable Conduct, and Trump's". The New Yorker . Retrieved 24 February 2018.