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Cross River State is a state in the Eastern part of Nigeria. Named for the Cross River, the state was formed from the eastern part of the Eastern Region on 27 May 1967. Its capital is Calabar, it borders to the north through Benue state, to the west through Ebonyi state and Abia state, and to the southwest through Akwa Ibom state, while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon. Originally known as the South-Eastern State before being renamed in 1976, Cross River state formerly included the area that is now Akwa Ibom state, which became a distinct state in 1987.
Central Ibibio is the major dialect cluster of the Cross River branch of Benue–Congo. Efik proper has national status in Nigeria and is the literary standard of the Efik languages, though Ibibio proper has more native speakers.
Ebonyi State is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered to the north and northeast by Benue State, Enugu State to the west, Cross River State to the east and southeast, and Abia State to the southwest. Named for the Abonyi (Aboine) River—a large part of which is in the state's south—Ebonyi State was formed from parts of Abia and Enugu state in 1996 and has its capital as Abakaliki.
The Idomas are people that primarily inhabit the lower western areas of Benue State, Nigeria, and some of them can be found in Taraba State, Cross Rivers State, Enugu State, Kogi State and Nasarawa State in Nigeria. The Idoma language is classified in the Akweya subgroup of the Idomoid languages of the Volta–Niger family, which include Igede, Alago, Agatu, Etulo, Ete, Akweya (Akpa) and Yala languages of Benue, Nasarawa, Kogi, Enugu, and Northern Cross River states. The Akweya subgroup is closely related to the Yatye-Akpa sub-group. The bulk of the territory is inland, south of river Benue, some seventy-two kilometres east of its confluence with River Niger. The Idoma tribe are known to be 'warriors' and 'hunters' of class, but hospitable and peace-loving. The greater part of Idoma land remained largely unknown to the West until the 1920s, leaving much of the colourful traditional culture of the Idoma intact. The population of the Idomas is estimated to be about 3.5 million. The Idoma people have a traditional ruler called the Och'Idoma who is the head of the Idoma Area Traditional Council. This was introduced by the British. Each community has its own traditional chief such as the former Ad'Ogbadibo of Orokam, Late Chief D.E Enenche. The Palace of the Och'Idoma is located at Otukpo, Benue State. The present Och'Idoma, HRM, Elaigwu Odogbo John, the 5th Och'Idoma of the Idoma People was installed on the 30th of June, 2022 following the passing of his Predecessor HRH Agabaidu Elias Ikoyi Obekpa who ruled from 1996 to October 2021. Past Och'Idomas also include: HRH, Agabaidu Edwin Ogbu, who reigned from 1996 to 1997, HRH, Abraham Ajene Okpabi of Igede descent who ruled from 1960 to 1995 and HRH, Agabaidu Ogiri Oko whose reign took place between 1948 and 1959.
There are over 525 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language and most widely spoken lingua franca is English, which was the language of Colonial Nigeria. Nigerian Pidgin – an English-based creole – is spoken by 30 million people in Nigeria.
The Cross River or Delta–Cross languages are a branch of the Benue–Congo language family spoken in south-easternmost Nigeria, with some speakers in south-westernmost Cameroon. The branch was first formulated by Joseph Greenberg; it is one of the few of his branches of Niger–Congo that has withstood the test of time.
The Ikwo is a subgroup of the Igbo people who live in southeastern Nigeria. The area is rich in mineral resources, and the ancestors of today’s inhabitants developed bronze-casting techniques over a thousand years ago, some found in the town of Igbo Ukwu. The creativity and technical skill demonstrated by those early Igbo bronze, metal and terra cotta crafters is recognized as among the finest in the history of the world. They number around 600,000
Izi is an Igboid language spoken in Ebonyi state in Nigeria. It forms a dialect cluster with the closely related languages Ikwo, Ezza, and Mgbo.
Izzi is a North Eastern Igbo sub-group, in South Eastern, Nigeria. It is also the name of the territory in which they live, the Local Government Area of Izzi. They speak the Izzi dialect. Izzi is spoken majorly in Ebonyi State and some parts of Benue State.
Ezza North is a local government area in Ebonyi State Nigeria. Its headquarters is at Ebiaji town. It has an area of 305 km2 and a population of 145,619 at the 2006 census. Ezza North created in 1996 alongside other LGAs in the then new Ebonyi State used to be part of old Ezza Local Government Area. It is a predominant Igbo town inhabited by the Ezza and the Orring people of Idzem (Amuda) and Okpolo (Okpomoro) extraction. Since her creation Ezza North has been on the part of progressive development under Ebonyi State Government dominated by PDP.
The Ukelle people (Ba'kelle) make up roughly half of the population of the Yala Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. The language of the Ukelle people is Kukelle belonging to the Kukelle-Korring language family.
Effium is the indegeous land of the Effuim people, a sub-clan of Orring people of Nigeria found in Ebonyi state. It is also the largest autonomous community in Ebonyi State of southeast region, Nigeria. Effium is located in the Ohaukwu local government area of Ebonyi State. The indigenous people are known as Effiumite or the Uffiom, and speak Kuffiom dialect of the Korring language. Igbo language and Ezza are also spoken.
Ikwo is the largest Local Government Area in Ebonyi State. It is situated on the eastern part of the state. The city and local government area has a land mass of approximately 500 square kilometers and shares a border with Abakaliki, Izzi and Ezza Local Government Areas as well as Cross River State. It is the home land of a former Governor of the state Chief Martin Elechi. Ikwo is the home to Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (FUNAI) One of the Universities established by president Goodluck Jonathan. Ikwo also plays host to Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo at Ndufu Echara.
The Igede people are a Nigerian ethnic group in Lower Benue State of Nigeria. They are native to the Oju and Obi local government areas of Nigeria, where 2006 population figures stand at an estimated 267,198 people. However, many Igede people are dispersed across the state and the Nation. For instance, the Igede language is also spoken in Nigeria's Cross River State, and many Igede communities exist in Osun State and Ogun State. The Igede language is a member of the Benue-Congo subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family.
Eleme is a language spoken by Eleme people in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Eleme is a Niger-Congo language spoken by approximately 40-50,000 speakers in Rivers State in southeast Nigeria. It belongs to the Ogonoid language group, within the Cross River branch of Benue-Congo. Eleme language was originally divided into two mutual dialects of Nchia and Odido. Nchia spoken in six communities of Agbonchia, Akpajo, Alesa, Aleto, Alode and Ogale, while Odido dialect was spoken at Ebubu, Ekporo, Eteo and Onne, today, both dialects have submerged, with a few varying pronunciations.
The Ọwọrọ ethnic nationality represents a group of people around the Niger-Benue confluence speaking a Yoruba dialect called Oworo. They are generally classified as part of Northeast Yoruba (NEY) of the Yoruba people.
The Amuda people, also known as the Idzem people, are a subgroup of the Orring ethnolinguistic group in the southeastern Nigeria state of Ebonyi. It includes four major clans: Ojolokpa, Buolung, Buora and Anmosho. The Amuda people are found predominantly in the Ezza North and Ohaukwu Local Government Areas.
Ntezi is located in the eastern outskirt of Ishielu LGA of Ebonyi State in Nigeria. Ntezi is pronounced Eh-teh-ji(Eteji) by the natives, and belongs to the Orring, Oring or Orri People. The dialect of Ntezi is K'eteji with the attached 'k' prefix given the name Keteji, a sub-language of korring spoken by Orring people in their diverse dialects across their settlements in Nigeria and Cameroon. Ntezi is an Orring sub-ethnic group. The Orring people occupy a scattered heterogeneous territories coexisting in three states in three geopolitical zones in Nigeria which are Benue, Cross River and Ebonyi States. Orring people are the aboriginal Abakaliki people settling in the town of Ntezi-Aba living alongside their Mbembe and Ekoi neighbours prior to the coming of the later Abakaliki group. The Orring people are proxy to their neighbours, and this proximity has over the years, led to some intergroup relationship through marriage, beliefs and cultural exchanges resulting to creation of a mixed civilizations that resulted to the number of differences among the aborigines. This is the case of linguistical and cultural evidence among people.
Ntezi-Aba is a village in Abakaliki, the Ebonyi State Capital. It is located at the capital city of Abakaliki, and listed as a town under the Ebonyi local government area of Ebonyi State. The town is situated near Obiagu and Ofe-Iyiokwu villages of Izzi clan. Ntezi-Aba is presently inhabited by the Igbo subgroup of Izzi. However the town is as old as Abakaliki itself, tracing its origin back to the Orring people, a western Bantu speaking people found in Ebonyi, Benue and Cross River states. Oral sources and some written materials have it that the town was founded and inhabited by the Orring people prior to the coming of the present settlers.
The Igbo-Igala Wars refer to a series of conflicts that took place between the Igbo people and the Igala people of Nigeria during the 18th and 19th centuries. These wars were characterized by intense military engagements, territorial disputes, and clashes over resources and political dominance. The conflicts occurred in the southeastern region of Nigeria, primarily in the areas now known as Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, Kogi and Delta states. These wars led to the drastic Battle of Nsukka.
References
- ↑ Orring at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Olson, James Stuart (1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-27918-7.
- ↑ "Gods' return", Heidegger, Routledge, pp. 371–380, 2012-02-27, doi:10.4324/9780203127100-61, ISBN 978-0-203-12710-0 , retrieved 2021-05-11
3. ^ Ajifo, Hillary Nnamdi (2017). Intergroup relations of Korring speaking people and their neighbours. Project documents, department of History and International Relations, Ebonyi State University. 4. ^ Aleke, Patrick Awo (2012). Idzem (Amuda) People: Predicament and Cultural Ties.
5. U.U. Ugoh (2012). gods of Abakaliki.