Kuanchuanpu Formation

Last updated
Kuanchuanpu Formation
Stratigraphic range: Fortunian
Type Geological Formation
Underlies Guojiaba Formation
Overlies Dengying Formation
Lithology
Primary Limestone
Location
Region Shaanxi
Country China

The Kuanchuanpu Formation, occasionally reclassified as the Kuanchuanpu Member of the Dengying Formation, is a geologic formation located in Shaanxi province in China. It is one of the earliest Cambrian formations, dating right to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary. This formation preserves numerous meiofauna through Orsten-type preservation.

Contents

Paleobiota

Animals

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Animals
GenusSpeciesHigher taxonNotesImages
Saccorhytus S. coronarius Ecdysozoa [1] Formerly misidentified as a deuterostome [2] , debated whether it is a scalidophoran larva or an adult ecdysozoan [3] [4]
Saccorhytus reconstruction Saccorhytus.png
Saccorhytus reconstruction
Saccus S. necopinus, S. xixiangensis Ecdysozoa May resemble Saccorhytus as adults? [5]
Eolympia E. pediculata incertae sedis At different points claimed to be a sea anemone, [6] a ctenophore [7] or a scalidophoran worm. [8]
Eopriapulites E. sphinx Ecdysozoa A basal priapulid [8] or a stem-cycloneuralian [9]
Dahescolex D. kuanchuanpuensis Scalidophora Likely a stem-scalidophoran [9]
Zhongpingscolex Z. qinensis Kinorhyncha?Possibly a stem-group kinorhynch [10]
Eokinorhynchus E. rarus Kinorhyncha First described kinorhynch fossil [11]
Qinscolex Q. spinosus Scalidophora A stem-scalidophoran [12]
Shanscolex S. decorus Scalidophora A stem-scalidophoran [12]
Xinliscolex X. intermedius Scalidophora A stem-scalidophoran [13]
Feiyanella F. manica Cloudinidae Shows dichotomous branching and so likely reproduced asexually [14]
Sinaster S. petalon Cubozoa Likely a stem-cubozoan [15]
Hanagyroia H. orientalis Medusozoa Transitional between scyphozoans and cubozoans [16]
Primocyathus P. uniseriatus Archaeocyatha One of the earliest known sponges, and the earliest known archaeocyath [17]
Sinocyathus S. biseriatus Archaeocyatha One of the earliest known sponges, and the earliest known archaeocyath [17]
Protohertzina P. anabarica, P. unguliformis Protoconodonta An early protoconodont, included in Small Shelly Fossils [18]
Anabarites A. trisulcatus, A. rotundus [19] Anabaritidae Enigmatic small shelly fossil [18] , may be related to olivooids [20]
Conotheca C. subcurvata Orthothecida One of the earliest hyolith fossils known [18]
Siphogonuchites S. mirus, S. triangularis Siphogonuchitida Sclerite of a possible early mollusc? [18]
Lopochites L. quadrigonus, L. latizonalis Siphogonuchitida Sclerite of a possible early mollusc? [18]
Maikhanella M. multa Halkieriida?Cap-like shell, possibly of an early mollusc? [18]
Carinachites C. spinatus, C. platus [21] Conulatae Cnidarian sclerite, related to the conulariids [18] [22]
Acanthocassis A. orthacanthus [18] incertae sedisMay be cuticular ornaments? [23]
Xinlispina X. spinosaincertae sedisMay be cuticular ornaments? [23]
Cambrothyra C. truncata [18] ”Coeloscleritophora”Resembles chancelloriid sclerites [24]
Hexaconularia H. sp [18] Conulariida?An SSF allied with conulariids [25]
Punctatus P. emeiensis Eumetazoa A well-studied fossil from Kuanchuanpu [26] [27] [28] , may not be a cnidarian? [29]
Olivooides O. multisulcatus Olivooidae Possibly a cnidarian [30] [31] [32] , but may be a cycloneuralian instead [33]
Quadrapyrgites Q. quadratacris Olivooidae?Related to Olivooides and Punctatus [26] [34] , likely a scyphozoan [35]
Octapyrgites O. elongatus Olivooidae A very large olivooid [36]
Qinscyphus Q. necopinus Scyphozoa [37] [38] Underwent direct development [39]
Eolarva E. kuanchuanpuensis Cnidaria?Originally described as a cnidarian larva, [40] but reassigned to Ecdysozoa [3]
Pseudooides P. prima Cnidaria Originally thought to be a scalidophoran larva [41]
Decimoconularia D. anisfacialis Hexangulaconulariidae Formerly assigned to Hexaconularia [42]
Indeterminate limbed formsUnapplicable Bilateria Possibly lobopodians or annelids, preserved unusually through microbial colonisation [43]
Emeiconularia E. amplicanalis [21] Hexangulaconulariidae

Microbes and Algae

Microbes and Algae
GenusSpeciesHigher taxonNotesImages
Calathophycus C. irregulatus Diaphoretickes incertae sedisIndeterminate cup-shaped alga, may be a fragment of a Dictyosphaeria -like form? [44]
Myxococcoides M. sp Cyanobacteria Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacterium [45]
Gloeodiniopsis G. lamellose Chroococcaceae Coccoid cyanobacterium [45]
Siphonophycus S. solidum, S. typicum, S. cf. septatum Oscillatoriales Filamentous cyanobacterium [45]
Endoconchia ??E. sp incertae sedis Filaments growing on the inside of shelled fauna [45]
Palaeosiphonella P. sp Cyanobacteria Filamentous cyanobacterium [45]
Megathrix M. longus Oscillatoriaceae Filamentous cyanobacterium [45]
Girvanella G. problematica, G. wetheredii Oscillatoriaceae Filamentous cyanobacteria, formed small irregular mats [46]
Cambricodium C. capilloides Rivulariaceae Large filamentous cyanobacterium with a holdfast [46]
Archaeooides A. granulatus Diaphoretickes Formerly thought to be an animal egg [47]
Shaanisphaera S. spinosa Diaphoretickes Separated out from Archaeooides [47]
Qinlingisphaera Q. conica Diaphoretickes Separated out from Archaeooides [47]
Dahisphaera D. plana Diaphoretickes Separated out from Archaeooides [47]
Concavaesphaera C. ornata Eukaryota incertae sedisMulticellular acritarch, likely an independent evolution of multicellularity [48]

References

  1. ↑ Yunhuan Liu; Emily Carlisle; Huaqiao Zhang; Ben Yang; Michael Steiner; Tiequan Shao; Baichuan Duan; Federica Marone; Shuhai Xiao; Philip C. J. Donoghue (2022). "Saccorhytus is an early ecdysozoan and not the earliest deuterostome". Nature. 609 (7927): 541–546. Bibcode:2022Natur.609..541L. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05107-z. hdl: 1983/454e7bec-4cd4-4121-933e-abeab69e96c1 . PMID   35978194. S2CID   251646316.
  2. ↑ Han, Jian; Conway Morris, Simon; Ou, Qiang; Shu, Degan; Huang, Hai (2017). "Meiofaunal deuterostomes from the basal Cambrian of Shaanxi (China)". Nature. 542 (7640): 228–231. Bibcode:2017Natur.542..228H. doi:10.1038/nature21072. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   28135722. S2CID   353780.
  3. 1 2 Wang, Deng; Han, Jian; Guo, Junfeng; Qiang, Yaqin (March 2025). "Origin and evolution of bodyplans of ecdysozoans during the Cambrian explosion". Chinese Journal of Nature. 47 (2): 125–133. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.004.
  4. ↑ Vannier, Jean (December 2024). "The early Cambrian Saccorhytus is a non-feeding larva of a scalidophoran worm". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 291 (2036). doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.1256. PMC  11614544. PMID   39626753.
  5. ↑ Liu, Mingjin; Xian, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Huaqiao; Eriksson, Mats E.; Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan (February 2025). "New ecdysozoan fossil embryos from the basal Cambrian of China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 659: 112635. Bibcode:2025PPP...65912635L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112635.
  6. ↑ Jian Han; Shin Kubota; Hiro-omi Uchida; George D. Stanley Jr.; Xiaoyong Yao; Degan Shu; Yong Li; Kinya Yasui (2010). "Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China". PLOS ONE. 5 (10): e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013276 . PMC   2954142 . PMID   20967244.
  7. ↑ Zhao, Yang; Vinther, Jakob; Parry, Luke A.; Wei, Fan; Green, Emily; Pisani, Davide; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Cong, Peiyun (April 2019). "Cambrian Sessile, Suspension Feeding Stem-Group Ctenophores and Evolution of the Comb Jelly Body Plan". Current Biology. 29 (7): 1112–1125.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.036. hdl: 1983/40a6bcb8-a740-482c-a23c-7d563faea5c5 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   30905603.
  8. 1 2 Liu, Y.; Xiao, S.; Shao, T.; Broce, J.; Zhang, H. (2014). "The oldest known priapulid-like scalidophoran animal and its implications for the early evolution of cycloneuralians and ecdysozoans". Evolution & Development. 16 (3): 155–165. doi:10.1111/ede.12076. PMID   24754444. S2CID   205095219.
  9. 1 2 Shao, T.Q.; Qin, J.C.; Shao, Y.; Liu, Y.H.; Waloszek, D.; Maas, A.; Duan, B.C.; Wang, Q.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, H.Q. (October 2020). "New macrobenthic cycloneuralians from the Fortunian (lowermost Cambrian) of South China". Precambrian Research. 349: 105413. Bibcode:2020PreR..34905413S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105413.
  10. ↑ Shao, T.Q.; Wang, Q.; Liu, Y.H.; Qin, J.C.; Zhang, Y.N.; Liu, M.J.; Shao, Y.; Zhao, J.Y.; Zhang, H.Q. (October 2020). "A new scalidophoran animal from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China and its implications for the origin and early evolution of Kinorhyncha". Precambrian Research. 349: 105616. Bibcode:2020PreR..34905616S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105616.
  11. ↑ Zhang, Huaqiao; Xiao, Shuhai; Liu, Yunhuan; Yuan, Xunlai; Wan, Bin; Muscente, A. D.; Shao, Tiequan; Gong, Hao; Cao, Guohua (26 November 2015). "Armored kinorhynch-like scalidophoran animals from the early Cambrian". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 16521. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516521Z. doi:10.1038/srep16521. PMC   4660871 . PMID   26610151.
  12. 1 2 Liu, Yunhuan; Qin, Jiachen; Wang, Qi; Maas, Andreas; Duan, Baichuan; Zhang, Yanan; Zhang, Hu; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao (May 2019). "New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (2): 241–260. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..241L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1239.
  13. ↑ Zhang, Hua-Qiao (September 2022). "The evolutionary relationships of the earliest known cycloneuralians and a new record from the Cambrian Fortunian of South China". Palaeoworld. 31 (3): 389–401. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.09.003.
  14. ↑ Han, Jian; Cai, Yaoping; Schiffbauer, James D.; Hua, Hong; Wang, Xing; Yang, Xiaoguang; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Sun, Jie (November 2017). "A Cloudina -like fossil with evidence of asexual reproduction from the lowest Cambrian, South China". Geological Magazine. 154 (6): 1294–1305. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154.1294H. doi:10.1017/S0016756816001187.
  15. ↑ Wang, Xing; Han, Jian; Vannier, Jean; Ou, Qiang; Yang, Xiaoguang; Uesugi, Kentaro; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi (November 2017). "Anatomy and affinities of a new 535-million-year-old medusozoan from the Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China". Palaeontology. 60 (6): 853–867. Bibcode:2017Palgy..60..853W. doi:10.1111/pala.12320.
  16. ↑ Wang, Xing; Vannier, Jean; Yang, Xiaoguang; Kubota, Shin; Ou, Qiang; Yao, Xiaoyong; Uesugi, Kentaro; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (September 2020). "An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China". Palaeontology. 63 (5): 775–789. Bibcode:2020Palgy..63..775W. doi:10.1111/pala.12483.
  17. 1 2 Wang, Qi; Dai, Qiaokun; Vayda, Prescott; Luo, Jinzhou; Shao, Tiequan; Liu, Yunhuan; Hua, Hong; Xiao, Shuhai (1 June 2025). "Fortunian archaeocyath sponges acquired biomineralization in the beginning of the Cambrian explosion". Geology. 53 (6): 540–544. Bibcode:2025Geo....53..540W. doi:10.1130/G53249.1.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Steiner, Michael; Li, Guoxiang; Qian, Yi; Zhu, Maoyan (1 January 2004). "Lower Cambrian small shelly fossils of northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi (China), and their biostratigraphic importance". Geobios. 37 (2): 259–275. Bibcode:2004Geobi..37..259S. doi:10.1016/J.GEOBIOS.2003.08.001.
  19. ↑ Conway Morris, S.; Menge, Chen (November 1989). "Lower Cambrian anabaritids from south China". Geological Magazine. 126 (6): 615–632. Bibcode:1989GeoM..126..615C. doi:10.1017/S0016756800006920.
  20. ↑ Zhang, Ya-Nan; Liu, Yun-Huan; Shao, Tie-Quan; Wang, Qi; Qin, Jia-Chen; Li, Lin-Lu; Zhou, Xing-Yu (December 2022). "The morphology and affinity of anabaritids revealed by their internal molds from the Cambrian Fortunian, southern Shaanxi, China". Palaeoworld. 31 (4): 600–606. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.03.008.
  21. 1 2 Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Wang, Yaopei; Yu, Bo; Han, Huiping; Yang, Jian (1 January 2005). "Two new species of protoconulariids from the early cambrian in south Shaanxi, Chin". Wei Ti Gu Sheng Wu Xue Bao = Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 22 (3): 311–321. ISSN   1000-0674.
  22. ↑ Han, Jian; Li, Guoxiang; Wang, Xing; Yang, Xiaoguang; Guo, Junfeng; Sasaki, Osamu; Komiya, Tsuyoshi (January 2018). "Olivooides-like tube aperture in early Cambrian carinachitids (Medusozoa, Cnidaria)". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (1): 3–13. Bibcode:2018JPal...92....3H. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.10.
  23. 1 2 Tiequan, Shao; Yunhuan, Liu; Qi, Wang; Huaqiao, Zhang; Hanhua, Tang; Xi, Cao; Huahua, He; Yanan, Zhang; Yuan, Li; Panlin, Zheng; Chengyu, Zhu; Jiaxi, Hu (October 2015). "New Small Shelly Fossils ( Acanthocassis and Xinlispina Gen. Nov.) from the Fortunian Stage (Early Cambrian) in Southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 89 (5): 1470–1481. Bibcode:2015AcGlS..89.1470S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12558.
  24. ↑ Moore, John L.; Porter, Susannah M.; Steiner, Michael; Li, Guoxiang (November 2010). "Cambrothyra ampulliformis , an unusual coeloscleritophoran from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi Province, China". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (6): 1040–1060. Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1040M. doi:10.1666/09-091.1.
  25. ↑ Van Iten, Heyo; Maoyan, Zhu; Li, Guoxiang (January 2010). "Redescription of Hexaconularia He and Yang, 1986 (Lower Cambrian, South China): implications for the affinities of conulariid-like small shelly fossils". Palaeontology. 53 (1): 191–199. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..191V. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00925.x.
  26. 1 2 Li, Peng; Hua, Hong; Zhang, LuYi; Zhang, DongDong; Jin, XianBao; Liu, Zhu (October 2007). "Lower Cambrian phosphatized Punctatus from southern Shaanxi and their ontogeny sequence". Chinese Science Bulletin. 52 (20): 2820–2828. Bibcode:2007ChSBu..52.2820L. doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0447-y.
  27. ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhu, Zhixin; Zhang, Wanqian; Wang, Zhuo; Yang, Weixian; Li, Rongxi (January 2008). "Phosphatized rare star-like mouth disc of Punctatus and its functional morphology from the earliest Cambrian of the South Shaanxi China". Frontiers of Biology in China. 3 (1): 106–112. doi:10.1007/s11515-008-0005-2.
  28. ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhu, Zhixin; Yu, Bo; Wang, Zhuo; Zhang, Wanqian; Li, Rongxi (February 2007). "Phosphatized Punctatus with mouthparts and its embryo fossils from the Lower Cambrian of Ningqiang, south Shaanxi, China". Frontiers of Earth Science in China. 1 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2007FrESC...1....1L. doi:10.1007/s11707-007-0001-x.
  29. ↑ Yasui, Kinya; Reimer, James D.; Liu, Yunhuan; Yao, Xiaoyong; Kubo, Daisuke; Shu, Degan; Li, Yong (20 June 2013). "A Diploblastic Radiate Animal at the Dawn of Cambrian Diversification with a Simple Body Plan: Distinct from Cnidaria?". PLOS ONE. 8 (6): e65890. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865890Y. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065890 .
  30. ↑ Jian, Han; Guoxiang, Li; Shin, Kubota; Qiang, Ou; Sho, Toshino; Xing, Wang; Xiaoguang, Yang; Kentaro, Uesugi; Hoshino, Masato; Osamu, Sasaki; Harumasa, Kano; Tomohiko, Sato; Tsuyoshi, Komiya (February 2016). "Internal Microanatomy and Zoological Affinity of the Early Cambrian Olivooides". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 90 (1): 38–65. Bibcode:2016AcGlS..90...38H. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12641.
  31. ↑ Chen, Fang; Dong, XiPing (December 2008). "The internal structure of Early Cambrian fossil embryo Olivooides revealed in the light of Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Microscopy". Science Bulletin. 53 (24): 3860–3865. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.3860C. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0452-9.
  32. ↑ Dong, Xi-Ping; Cunningham, John A.; Bengtson, Stefan; Thomas, Ceri-Wyn; Liu, Jianbo; Stampanoni, Marco; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (22 April 2013). "Embryos, polyps and medusae of the Early Cambrian scyphozoan Olivooides". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1757): 20130071. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0071. PMC   3619488 . PMID   23446532.
  33. ↑ Steiner, Michael; Qian, Yi; Li, Guoxiang; Hagadorn, James W.; Zhu, Maoyan (March 2014). "The developmental cycles of early Cambrian Olivooidae fam. nov. (?Cycloneuralia) from the Yangtze Platform (China)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 398: 97–124. Bibcode:2014PPP...398...97S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.016.
  34. ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Li, Yong; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Qiao, Jinpeng (November 2014). "Quadrapyrgites from the lower Cambrian of South China: growth pattern, post-embryonic development, and affinity". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (31): 4086–4095. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59.4086L. doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0481-5.
  35. ↑ Tiequan, Shao; Qi, Wang; Yunhuan, Liu; Yanan, Zhang; Hewei, Li; Bo, Hu; Chuang, Li; Zhiguo, Dong; Hongtao, Zhang (August 2015). "Review of Research on Early Cambrian Phosphatized Quadrapyrgites". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 89 (4): 1398–1405. Bibcode:2015AcGlS..89.1398S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12535.
  36. ↑ Guo, Junfeng; Han, Jian; Van Iten, Heyo; Song, Zuchen; Qiang, Yaqin; Wang, Wenzhe; Zhang, Zhifei; Li, Guoxiang; Sun, Yifei; Sun, Jie (May 2020). "A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China". Journal of Paleontology. 94 (3): 457–466. Bibcode:2020JPal...94..457G. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.101.
  37. ↑ Zhang, Yanan; Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Qin, Jiachen (17 March 2023). "New Qinscyphus material from the Fortunian of South China". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11. Bibcode:2023FrEaS..1138686Z. doi: 10.3389/feart.2023.1038686 .
  38. ↑ Liu, Yunhuan; Shao, Tiequan; Zhang, Huaqiao; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Yanan; Chen, Cheng; Liang, Yongchun; Xue, Jiaqi (July 2017). "A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China". Palaeontology. 60 (4): 511–518. Bibcode:2017Palgy..60..511L. doi:10.1111/pala.12306.
  39. ↑ Qin, Jiachen; Liu, Yunhuan; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Hu; Zhang, Yanan; Liu, Mingjin; Wu, Xieting; Gao, Zhenli; Zhang, Xiang (August 2020). "A New Fortunian Scyphozoa and its Development". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 94 (4): 1303–1304. Bibcode:2020AcGlS..94.1303Q. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13838.
  40. ↑ Zhang, Huaqiao; Dong, Xi-Ping (November 2015). "The oldest known larva and its implications for the plesiomorphy of metazoan development". Science Bulletin. 60 (22): 1947–1953. Bibcode:2015SciBu..60.1947Z. doi:10.1007/s11434-015-0886-9.
  41. ↑ Duan, Baichuan; Dong, Xi-Ping; Porras, Luis; Vargas, Kelly; Cunningham, John A.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (20 December 2017). "The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1869): 20172188. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2188. PMC   5745419 . PMID   29237861.
  42. ↑ Song, Zuchen; Guo, Junfeng; Han, Jian; Van Iten, Heyo; Qiang, Yaqin; Peng, Jiaxin; Sun, Jie; Zheng, Yajuan; Huang, Xinyao; Zhang, Zhifei (13 January 2023). "A new species of Decimoconularia (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the Lower Cambrian of South China". Frontiers in Earth Science. 10. Bibcode:2023FrEaS..1048800S. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.1048800 .
  43. ↑ Yang, Xiaoguang; Wang, Deng; Zhang, Zhiliang; Wang, Xing; Sun, Jie; Hao, Wenjing; Liu, Yiqun; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (5 July 2024). "Basal Cambrian soft-bodied segmented bilaterians preserved as microbial pseudomorphs". bioRxiv   10.1101/2024.07.03.601876 .
  44. ↑ Tang, Qingqin; Zheng, Yajuan; Qin, Song; Wang, Yinchu; Yang, Xiaoguang; Wang, Xing; Sun, Jie; Uesugi, Kentaro; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Han, Jian (2022). "New materials of multicellular algae from the earliest Cambrian Kuanchuanpu biota in South China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 67. doi:10.4202/app.00946.2021.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cui, Linhao; Liu, Wei; Zhang, Xingliang (March 2020). "Phosphatized microbial fossils from the lowest Cambrian of South China and their ecological and environmental implications for the Kuanchuanpu biota". Precambrian Research. 338: 105560. Bibcode:2020PreR..33805560C. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105560.
  46. 1 2 Min, Xiao; Hua, Hong; Sun, Bo; Dai, Qiaokun; Luo, Jinzhou (March 2024). "Phosphatised calcified cyanobacteria at the terminal Ediacaran and the earliest Cambrian transition stage: Response to the paleoenvironment". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 638: 112057. Bibcode:2024PPP...63812057M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112057.
  47. 1 2 3 4 Xian, Xiaofeng; Eriksson, Mats E.; Zhang, Huaqiao (March 2024). "Reassessment of Archaeooides based on new material from the Fortunian (early Cambrian) of China infers algal affinity". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 637: 112011. Bibcode:2024PPP...63712011X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.112011.
  48. ↑ Liu, Wei; Yin, Zongjun; Pan, Bing; Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Li, Guoxiang (November 2023). "Germ-soma differentiation and reproduction in a new species of early Cambrian acritarch". Palaeontology. 66 (6): 12687. Bibcode:2023Palgy..6612687L. doi:10.1111/pala.12687.
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