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Kumasi is a city and the capital of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly and the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is the second largest city in the country, with a population of 443,981 as of the 2021 census. Kumasi is located in a rain forest region near Lake Bosomtwe and is located about 200 kilometres (120 mi) from Accra. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate, with two rainy reasons which range from minor to major. Major ethnic groups who lived in Kumasi are the Asante, Mole-Dagbon and Ewe. The current mayor of the metropolitan is Samuel Pyne.
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Kusi Obodom was the 3rd Asantehene of the Ashanti Empire from 1750 to 1764. He was elected as the successor to Opoku Ware I as opposed to the nominee suggested by Opoku Ware I. Obodom's reign was inaugurated with a civil war in response to his election until stability ensued by 1751.
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The history of Kumasi dates to the late 17th century when it emerged as the capital of the Ashanti Empire. Although various oral sources differ on the origin of Kumasi, majority agree it emerged as the capital of Ashanti under Osei Kofi Tutu I in the late 17th century. In the early 18th century, Kumasi was invaded and sacked by the Aowin but the invasion was curbed by Asantehene Opoku Ware I. 19th century written accounts by European visitors described the neatness and sophistication of the city. The population of Kumasi under the Ashanti Empire varies per source. The city was ransacked by the British Empire in 1874 during the Anglo-Ashanti Wars. A Civil war occurred within the 1880s which led to further decline of Kumasi. Another British invasion of the city occurred within 1895—1896 as Kumasi was left in ruins.
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Owusu-Ansa was a prince of the Ashanti Empire. He was taken to the United Kingdom as adolescent, where he received a British education. After his return to West Africa in 1841, he first became a Methodist minister and, after his resignation from that position, a diplomat in the Ashanti Empire and the British Gold Coast. He played an important role in ending or preventing several Anglo-Ashanti conflicts.
8 roads with several sub routes were built by the Asante Empire to connect the capital with cities north and south of the empire starting from the 18th century. Asante roads were supervised and policed by the government, but the sacred roads of the state received more attention. 4 main roads were directed northwards of the state whiles the other 4 were built south and towards the Coast. The southern roads of the Asante Empire fell into decline in the late 19th century and the entire road network was abandoned following British colonization.
The Aban was a stone structure that served as a palace for the Asantehene and played the other function of displaying his craft collection. It was constructed in 1822 as a project of Asantehene Osei Bonsu, with the stones and labor provided by the Dutch at Elmina. The palace was destroyed in 1874 during the British invasion and its remains were used to construct a British fort in the late 19th century.
The Asantehemaa is the queen mother according to West African custom, who rules the Asante people alongside the Asantehene. African queen mothers generally play an important role in local government; they exercise both political and social power. Their power and influence have declined considerably since pre-colonial times, but still persist in the 21st century.
Opoku Fofie, born around 1775 and died in March 1804, was the sixth asantehene (monarch) of the Ashanti Empire, belonging to the dynastic house of Opoku Ware of the Oyoko clan. The youngest son of the asantehemaa Konadu Yaadom and Adu Twum Kaakyire, he acceded to the throne by the principle of dynastic alternation in force since the founding of the empire, after the crisis that opposed his mother to her predecessor Osei Kwame from 1797 to 1803.
References
Footnotes
- ↑ "August 25, 1834: Kwaku Dua I becomes king of Ashanti". Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ↑ McCaskie 2002, p. 186.
- 1 2 3 McCaskie 2002, pp. 69–70.
- ↑ McCaskie 2002, pp. 96–97.
- ↑ Ramaer 1927, pp. 144–148.
- ↑ Wilks (1989) , p. 200
- ↑ Owusu-Ansah 1995, p. 112.
- ↑ McCaskie 2002, p. 64.
- ↑ Law, Robin (1980). "Wheeled Transport in Pre-Colonial West Africa". Journal of the International African Institute. 50 (3): 249–262. doi:10.2307/1159117. JSTOR 1159117.
- 1 2 Wilks (1989) , p. 38
- ↑ Wilks (1989) , p. 198
Bibliography
- McCaskie, T. (1995). "Konnurokusσm: kinship and family". J. Afr. Hist. 36 (3): 357–389. doi:10.1017/S0021853700034460.
- McCaskie, T. (2002). State and society in pre-colonial Asante. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521894326.
- Owusu-Ansah, D., ed. (1995). Historical dictionary of Ghana. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780585102597.
- Ramaer, J. (1927). "Boachi, Aquasi". NNBW (in Dutch). Vol. 7. Leiden: Sijthoff. pp. 144–148. OCLC 309920700.
- Reindorf, C. (1895). History of the Gold Coast and Asante. London: Trübner & Co. OCLC 5627380.
- Tordoff, W. (1962). "The Ashanti Confederacy". J. Afr. Hist. 3 (3): 399–417. doi:10.1017/S0021853700003327. JSTOR 180073.
- Wilks, I. (1989). Asante in the nineteenth century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521374347.