Libertarian socialism is an anti-authoritarian and anti-capitalist political current that emphasises self-governance and workers' self-management. It is contrasted from other forms of socialism by its rejection of state ownership and from other forms of libertarianism by its rejection of private property. Broadly defined,it includes schools of both anarchism and Marxism,as well as other tendencies that oppose the state and capitalism.
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production,as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic,political,and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms,including public,community,collective,cooperative,or employee. As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum,socialism is considered as the standard left-wing ideology in most countries. Types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation,and the structure of management in organizations.
State ownership,also called public ownership or government ownership,is the ownership of an industry,asset,property,or enterprise by the national government of a country or state,or a public body representing a community,as opposed to an individual or private party. Public ownership specifically refers to industries selling goods and services to consumers and differs from public goods and government services financed out of a government's general budget. Public ownership can take place at the national,regional,local,or municipal levels of government;or can refer to non-governmental public ownership vested in autonomous public enterprises. Public ownership is one of the three major forms of property ownership,differentiated from private,collective/cooperative,and common ownership.
The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated trade unions. Presided by Ng Chau-pei and chaired by Kingsley Wong,it currently holds four seats in the Legislative Council and 43 seats in the District Councils.
Clause IV is part of the Labour Party Rule Book which sets out the aims and values of the British Labour Party. The original clause,adopted in 1918,called for common ownership of industry,and proved controversial in later years;Hugh Gaitskell attempted to remove the clause following Labour's loss in the 1959 general election.
The Common Wealth Party (CW) was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom with parliamentary representation in the House of Commons from 1942 until 1946. Thereafter CW continued to function,essentially as a pressure group,until 1993.
The Secretary for Education is a principal official in the Hong Kong Government,who heads the Education Bureau (EDB). The current office holder is Christine Choi.
The Fife Socialist League (FSL) was a minor left-wing political party which existed in Fife,Scotland from 1957 until 1964. It was associated politically with the British New Left and the journal New Reasoner,an antecedent of the present-day New Left Review. From 1960 to 1962,it published a monthly journal called The Socialist.
The Labour Party of Malaya was a political party in Malaya that was active between 1952 and 1969. It was originally formed as a confederation of state based labour parties known as the Pan-Malayan Labour Party (PMLP).
The Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party was a democratic socialist political party in Hong Kong was founded by Sun Pao-kang on 8 August 1964.
Socialist Action is a Trotskyist political organisation in Hong Kong. It is affiliated with International Socialist Alternative (ISA) and works closely with the ISA sections in China and Taiwan. It describes itself as being based on the method and analysis of Marxism,to politically re-arm and organise the working class in the fight for a socialist world. They oppose the Chinese Communist Party,which they claim has made China the 'Sweatshop of the World' with one of the most extreme wealth gaps on the planet. They stand for the creation of fighting independent trade unions by Chinese workers to fight against capitalist exploitation and authoritarian rule.
Youth in Hong Kong, according to the University of Hong Kong Statistical Profile,comprises citizens of the Chinese territory of Hong Kong aged 15–24 years. As of 2011,youth in Hong Kong ages 15–24 made up 12.4 per cent of Hong Kong's overall population at 875,200 people. Hong Kong is a hybrid culture,influenced by China and Britain,but overall by its international economic ties and neoliberal policies,which plays a role in shaping the lives of the youth in Hong Kong. The youth in Hong Kong is unique in the fact that many are living Transnationalist identities. The demographics are not just ethnically Chinese youth in Hong Kong,but also youth that are ethnically white,Indonesian,Filipino,which can be seen in Demographics of Hong Kong,and that creates a unique society. "Although with a dominant Chinese population,Hong Kong is an international city and is a mix of East and West rich in cultures,history,and religions." The disparity between the rich and poor within Hong Kong has been growing wider.
Liberalism in Hong Kong has become the driving force of the democratic movement since the 1980s which is mainly represented by the pro-democracy camp which strives for the universal suffrage,human rights and rule of law in Hong Kong. It is one of two major political ideologies of the Hong Kong,with the other being conservatism. The emergence of the contemporary liberalism took root in the rapid democratisation in the final years of the colonial years in the 1980s and 1990s,which the pro-democracy camp was united under the banner of an autonomous Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty. The liberals consolidated their popular support from the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre and received landslide victories in the first direct elections in 1991 and 1995 in the final colonial years. The liberals took the defensive role against the Beijing's authoritarian regime going into the early SAR period which led to the massive demonstration against the Basic Law Article 23 in 2003.
Socialism in Hong Kong is a political trend taking root from Marxism and Leninism which was introduced to Hong Kong in the early 1920s. Ever since the Chinese Communist Party adopted economic reforms from 1978,young socialists have moved towards the pro-democracy camp under the banner of social democracy while traditional leftists remain in the pro-Beijing camp.
George Stacey Kennedy-Skipton was an Irish Hong Kong politician,senior civil servant and teacher. He was accused of collaborating with the Japanese during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. After the war,he ran for the Urban Council twice in 1952 and 1967 and was the secretary of the Labour Party of Hong Kong,a socialist self-government party.
The Democratic Self-Government Party of Hong Kong was the first political party calling for self-government in Hong Kong established in 1964. it was founded by Ma Man-fai,chairman of the United Nations Association of Hong Kong,lawyer Chang Liu-shih and teacher K. Hopkin-Jenkins.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to socialism:
Anarchism in Hong Kong emerged as part of the Chinese anarchist movement,when many anarchists sought refuge from the Qing Empire in the territory. It grew alongside the Chinese revolutionary movement,before the territory again became a safe haven for anarchists,following the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. Since then anarchists have formed a part of the Hong Kong opposition movement,first to British colonial rule and then to the rising authoritarianism of the Government of Hong Kong.
