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Rajasthan is a state in northwestern India. It covers 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23°.3' to 30°.12' North latitude and 69°.30' to 78°.17' East longitude, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its southernmost tip.
Mount Abu is a hill station in the Aravalli Range in the Sirohi district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The mountain forms a rocky plateau 22 km long by 9 km wide. The highest peak on the mountain is Guru Shikhar at 1,722 m (5,650 ft) above sea level. It is referred to as 'an oasis in the desert' as its heights are home to rivers, lakes, waterfalls and evergreen forests. It is also home to numerous Hindu and Jain temples. The nearest train station is Abu Road railway station 28 km away.
The Rajputana Agency was a political office of the British Indian Empire dealing with a collection of native states in Rajputana, under the political charge of an Agent reporting directly to the Governor-General of India and residing at Mount Abu in the Aravalli Range. The total area of the states falling within the Rajputana Agency was 127,541 square miles (330,330 km2), with eighteen states and two estates or chiefships.
The Adivasi are heterogeneous tribal groups across the Indian subcontinent. The term is a Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by political activists to give the tribal people an indigenous identity by claiming an indigenous origin. The Constitution of India does not use the word Adivasi, instead referring to Scheduled Tribes and Janjati. The government of India does not officially recognise tribes as indigenous people. The country ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the United Nations (1957) and refused to sign the ILO Convention 169. Most of these groups are included in the Scheduled Tribe category under constitutional provisions in India.
North India, also called Northern India, is a geographical and broad cultural region comprising the northern part of India wherein Indo-Aryans form the prominent majority population. It extends from the Himalayan mountain range in the north to the Indo-Gangetic plains, the Thar Desert, the Central Highlands and the northwestern part of the Deccan plateau. It occupies nearly three-quarters of the area and population of India and includes all of the three mega cities of India: Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. In a more specific and administrative sense, North India can also be used to denote the Indo-Gangetic Plain within this broader expanse, stretching from the Ganga-Yamuna Doab to the Thar Desert.
The Gurjar are an Indo-Aryan agricultural ethnic community, residing mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. They were traditionally involved in agriculture, pastoral and nomadic activities and formed a large heterogeneous group. The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society: at one end they have been founders of several kingdoms and dynasties and, at the other end, some are still nomads with no land of their own.
The history of human settlement in the western Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 100,000 years ago. Around 5000 to 2000 BCE many regions of Rajasthan belonged as the site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan is the main Indus site of Rajasthan, here fire altars have been discovered, similar to those found at Lothal.
Chadri also known as Chad is a clan of the Gurjars of India and Pakistan. They are mainly based in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, India and Jammu and Kashmir, but some are also found in Pakistani, Kashmir, Punjab and Himalayan regions divided between Pakistan and India. It is also an offshoot of Laur branch of Gurjars in eastern Rajasthan.
Rajasthani people or Rajasthanis are a group of Indo-Aryan peoples native to Rajasthan, a state in Northern India. Their language, Rajasthani, is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages.
Khatana is a major and ancient clan of the Gurjar community of India, Afghanistan and Pakistan. They follow several religions, including Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism.
Awana also known as Awan is a clan of the Gurjar ethnic community of India and Pakistan.
Chamayan is also referred to as Chamayin, Chamain or Chaim is a clan of the Gurjar ethnic group found in India and Pakistan. They adhere to many religions, including the Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam.
Hakla, some time misspelled as Haklla or Akla is a clan originally affiliated with the Gurjar community of south Asia. They are mostly found among the Hindu and Muslim Gujjars.
Tas is an agricultural clan of the Indian and Pakistani Gurjar ethnic community in Indian Punjab. Tas Gujjars are adherents of Hinduism, Islam and some are also Sikh.
The origin of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty of India is a topic of debate among historians. The rulers of this dynasty used the self-designation "Pratihara" for their clan, but have been described as "Gurjara" by their neighbouring kingdoms. Only one particular inscription of a feudatory ruler named Mathanadeva mentions him as a "Gurjara-Pratihara".
Bhumla,, as Bumla or Bhoomla is a Punjabi and Haryanvi speaking clan found among the Hindu and Muslim Gurjars.
Bidhuri or Vidhuri is a clan originally found among the Hindu Gurjars of northern India. Vidhudi, Vidhuri, Bhiduri and Bidhudi is an alternative English clan spelling.
Charr, also known as Char or Chaar is a clan originally found among the Gurjars of India and Pakistan.
The Chandila or Chandela is a clan found among the Gurjars of India and Pakistan.
References
- ↑ Agrawal, Binod C. (1988). Women, Television, and Rural Development. National. pp. 19, 35, 54. ISBN 978-81-214-0107-4.
Laur Gujars , because their livelihood depends on them . A Koli or Bairwa woman is allowed to go upto the courtyard of a Laur Gujar house . But most of their conversations are restricted to fields , where they work together.
- 1 2 Rajasthan Directory & Who's who. Hindi Sahitya Mandir. 1982.
GUJAR : Gujars are chiefly found in the eastern part of Rajasthan - Jaipur , Mewar , Alwar , Kota , and Bharatpur, Gujjars have two main branches Laur and Khari . Laur consider themselves an inferior class . They do not inter - marry with Khari Gujars.
- 1 2 3 Rajasthan (India) (1971). Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Sirohi. Printed at Government Central Press. p. 95.
In Bharatpur, there are two types of Gujars Khare (Khari) Gujar and Laur Gujar. The former are principally engaged in making butter and ghee.1
- 1 2 Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture. Reference Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8.
There is one more type of Gujars known as Baddh-Gujar. These Baddh-Gujars are found only in Rajasthan and mostly around Kota. On asking about their name related to Gujars a Baddh-Guiar said that they (Baddh-Guiars) are a bit bigger in power. The Gujars here in eastern Rajputana are found in a large hilly tract called Daug which is exclusively populated by Laur Gujars . In these states the Gujars are divided into two tribes , the Laur and the Khari. The former (Laur) is the superior from Kharis.
- ↑ Rahi, Javaid (2012-01-01). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu. p. 272.
- 1 2 Campbell, James M. (1988). Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujarat. Vintage Books. p. 502.
Gujars whether Bhadána or Chechi are Lavas or Lors. Lava is the same as Lor and they are higher than Khári to whom the Lava gives neither a daughter nor a pipe . According to their story Krishna and Nánda were Lors (Laura).
- 1 2 Rajasthan (India) (1971). Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Bharatpur. Printed at Government Central Press. p. 95.
- 1 2 Mathur, U. B. (1986). Folkways in Rajasthan. Folklorists. ISBN 978-81-85129-00-6.
The Laur branch of the Gujars in the Jaipur region has more than twenty minor groups namely Bagarwal , Badana , Betan , Char , Chechi , Chesat , Dhakar , Deorata , Doi , Kasana , Koli , Khatana , Kanaks , Mokar , Mootan , Mawai , Nekari, Chandela, Tanwar.
- ↑ Commissioner, India Census (1960). Census of India. Printed at the Government central Press.
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