Lev Avnerovich Leviev

Last updated

Lev Leviev
Lev leviev (cropped).jpg
Leviev in 2021
Born
Lev Avnerovich Leviev

(1956-07-30) 30 July 1956 (age 68)
Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
SpouseOlga Leviev
Children9

Lev (Levi) Leviev (born 30 July 1956) is an Israeli diamond magnate, investor and philanthropist. Leviev was the Chairman and majority shareholder of Africa Israel Investments, a diversified conglomerate, between 1997-2018. [1] Leviev lived in Israel between 1971-2007 and moved to reside in London. He is a noted philanthropist for Chabad Lubavitch causes in Eastern Europe and Israel. [2] In 2018, Leviev had a net worth of US$1 billion according to Forbes. [3]

Contents

Early life

Leviev was born in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR in 1956. [4] His family moved to Israel in 1971 where he lived until 2007 when he moved to London. [5] His parents, Avner and Chana Leviev, were prominent members of the Bukharian Jewish community, and Leviev is a practicing Orthodox Jew. He is a supporter of the Chabad movement, but as a Bukharian Jew he was brought up in the Bukharian liturgy. In 1971, when he was fifteen, his family emigrated from Uzbekistan to Israel. [6] Alisher Usmanov's father was the prosecutor in Tashkent who helped facilitate the Leviev's departure for Israel. [7]

Start in the diamond trade

Shortly after moving to Israel, Leviev began to work as an apprentice in a diamond polishing plant, learning the 11 steps of the diamond cutting process. After serving in the communications directorate of the Israel Defense Forces, [6] he established his own diamond polishing plant in 1977. in 1980, he acquired 12 competing factories that suffered from credit shortage due to the recession in the diamond industry. The acquisition was done with the help of his father in law's family. In 1992, he moved to Russia and purchased Russia's oldest jewelry factory, Ruis Diamonds Ltd. of Moscow which specializes in fancy cutting and high-end ideal cuts of larger diamonds and competes with Smolensk Cristal, and the Moscow Jewelry Factory (Russian : Московский ювелирный завод (МЮЗ)). [8] [9] Valery Rudakov (Russian : Валерий Владимирович Рудаков ), a representative with the Main Directorate of Precious Metals and Diamonds (Glavalmazzolot) [lower-alpha 1] and the former head of the Yakutskalmaz trust, facilitated Leviev's ownership of Ruis Diamonds. [5]

Political ties and activities

In the 1990s, Leviev avoided being directly involved with the Yeltsin family, and nurtured ties with Vladimir Putin. [10] [11]

According to an article published in The Guardian on 24 July 2017, Donald Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner sealed a real estate deal in 2015 worth $295 million to purchase space in the former New York Times Building on 43rd Street near Times Square from Leviev's firms Africa Israel Investments and Five Mile Capital. [12] Later, in October 2016, Kushner used this space as a basis for a $285 million loan from Deutsche Bank. [12] [13] The ties between Trump family real estate deals and Russian money interests attracted the justice department's special counsel, Robert Mueller while Mueller was investigating alleged Russia interference in the 2016 presidential election. [14]

Israeli settlements

Leviev is involved in the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Leviev's Danya Cebus company, a subsidiary of Africa-Israel, subcontracted the construction of Mattityahu East to Shaya Boymelgreen. Danya Cebus is also building part of Har Homa and Maale Adumim. [15] In 1999, Leviev's company Danya Cebus announced plans to build new homes in the settlement of Ariel. [16] Through another subsidiary, LIDAR, Leviev appears to be the sole realtor-developer of the settlement of Zufim. [17]

Leviev's devotion to settlement construction have drawn protest from outside the Old Bond Street store in his London home, to the Leviev-owned jewelry store in New York City, and has impelled Oxfam to make it clear that Leviev has not donated to the charity. [18] [19] UNICEF has also advised Leviev that they will not partner with or accept any contributions from him due to the controversy. [20] In a press release, a spokesperson for Leviev described the protests as "politically motivated" and accused protesters of "deliberately neglect[ing]... extensive humanitarian and philanthropic work, which includes building schools, orphanages, and fostering economic development in communities around the world." [18] Anti-Defamation League head Abraham Foxman condemned UNICEF's decision as "selective political discrimination" that "only gives legitimacy to those who would seek to promote a boycott of the State of Israel and its supporters." [21]

In April 2009, following public pressure for a boycott, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office announced that it would not be renting its Tel Aviv embassy from Leviev's Africa-Israel company. [22]

In 2013, the Norwegian finance ministry, after a review of Africa-Israel's activities, announced that Norway's oil fund was now allowed to re-invest in Africa-Israel. [23] However, on 3 January 2014 Africa Israel Investments Ltd was placed on the exclusion list, based on "Serious violations of individuals' rights in situations of war or conflict", and has remained there since. [24]

Business interests

Leviev is an investor in the diamond industry, real estate and chemicals. By an agreement, signed in October 2006, Leviev hoped to get into the incarceration business, as a concessionaire for the first private prison in Israel. However, in September 2009, the Israeli High Court of Justice declared private prisons unconstitutional in Israel. [25]

Leviev is currently controlling shareholder and chairman of Africa-Israel which has numerous large real estate investments in Russia. [12] Africa-Israel is on the verge of insolvency, asking to restructure NIS 21 billion of debt. [26] Trying to save the company from bankruptcy, justice Varda Alshech has confirmed the debt-restructuring arrangement between Africa-Israel and its creditors. However, the justice expressed her disapproval: "The arrangement is far from being the best," Alshech said, because the company "is passing on the damage of its investments to its investors." [27]

Leviev had purchased 60% of Africa-Israel holding company in 1996 for $400 million from Bank Leumi, when the bank was ordered by a court to divest of its non-financial businesses. By 2007 it had swelled to $8 billion in market value. [28] With the onset of the 2007–2008 global financial crisis the value of the company plunged, with company debt reportedly totaling $5.5 billion in September 2009. [28]

Leviev owns diamond mines in Russia and Africa and is a major competitor to the De Beers international diamond cartel. [9]

In 2005, Africa-Israel completed a $230 million 5,800-apartment project in Modi'in Illit, an ultra-Orthodox settlement in the West Bank. In early 2007, Africa-Israel opened a luxury jewelry store on Old Bond Street in London and was considering plans to invest billions in the Far East, Argentina, Brazil and Russia. [29] Soon thereafter the global sub-prime mortgage crisis broke, and the value of Africa-Israel's real estate investments plummeted, particularly in New York, where it had invested heavily. [30]

Additionally, he is an international investor in residential real estate, shopping malls, energy, fashion, telecommunications, and media.

His diamond mining investments in Angola and his investments in Israeli settlements have been the target of protests. [31]

Debt restructuring

Following the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Africa Israel Investments was hurt by the drop of real estate values in the United States, Russia and eastern Europe. It defaulted on a series of bonds and in 2010 it restructured 7.4 billion shekels of debt. [32]

In 2016, Africa Israel Investments sought a second debt settlement. In a recorded conversation that was leaked to Israel Channel 10 News, Lev Leviev is heard saying: "I shit on every bank, but they haven't been able to make me move a centimeter because I don't owe any of them money, to no bank in the world. I piss on every bank from above, even Rakefet" (referring to Bank Leumi CEO Rakefet Russak-Aminoach) [33]

Angolan diamonds

Roman Abramovich strongly supported Leviev during Leviev's entrance into the Angolan diamond market and his gaining a monopoly on diamonds exported from Angola. [34]

As De Beers came under fire during the blood diamonds furor, Leviev increasingly came to dominate the legal Angola diamond market through the Angola Selling Corporation (Ascorp) formed in early 2000 in which the Angolan government maintains half the stake in Ascorp and Leviev and the Omega Diamonds of Antwerp, Belgium, each have about a quarter stake in Ascorp. [35] At the same time, all contracts signed with Angola Exploration, Exploitation, Lapidation and Trading Company of Diamonds (Endiama), Angola's state owned diamond marketing company, were declared void which hastened De Beers exit from Angola and thus allowed Leviev to gain a large stake in Angolan diamonds. [35] Leviev says he presented Angola with a plan to reduce smuggling and increase revenue by funneling diamonds through only one source, while others claim the deal was clinched through Leviev's connections with obscure Russian businessmen. Leviev focuses on the benefits his company brings Angola, arguing that before his involvement in 1998, Angola's tax revenue from diamonds was under $10 million but rose to $49 million by 2001: “The government of Angola has obviously profited from this venture.” When critics query how his company benefits not just the government but the people of Angola, he answers that the Leviev Group's heavy investments in Angolan diamonds "will change the informal way of doing business into a more formalized, educated system that helps individual families... We want to help people who work with their hands. We want Angolans to develop many different new skills.” [35] New York Magazine reported in 2007 that a security company hired by Leviev had been accused by a local human rights group that year "of participating in practices of 'humiliation, whipping, torture, sexual abuse, and, in some cases, assassinations.' [36] Leviev did not directly respond to the charges, but noted his charitable activities in Angola. [36] Both Isabel dos Santos and Leviev, who has a majority ownership, are partners in Angola's first and, at the time, only kimberlite mine at Catoca in the Cuango Valley. [35] [37] In 2014, the Catoca mine was owned by Alrosa with a 32.8% stake, Angolan government holding a 32.8% stake, and Lev Leviev International (LLI) with an 18% stake, and Odebrecht holding a 16.4% stake. [38]

In December 2018, it was announced that the Luaxe kimberlite deposit named Luele, which is only 25 kilometers from the Catoca mine, will be developed by the Catoca Mining Company which is owned by Endiama and Alrosa each with 41% stake and the Lev Leviev International Holding BV with an 18% stake. [39] Catoca Mining has a 50.5% stake in the Luaxe deposit and expects to begin industrial production at Luaxe after 2020. [40] [41] With its headquarters at Saurimo, Lunda Sul province, the Catoca Mining Company is the fourth largest producer of diamonds in the world and produces 86.3% by volume and 60.3% by monetary value of Angolan diamonds. [39] VTB will finance the development of Luele which is one of the largest diamond deposits in the world and is expected to more than double Angola's diamond output by 2022. [42] [43]

Philanthropy

After the Revolutions of 1989, Leviev expanded his business into Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He received the blessings for success in business and personal support of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Schneerson for his philanthropic activities, which include "an army of some 10,000 Jewish functionaries from Ukraine to Azerbaijan, including 300 rabbis. Most of the 300 rabbis are Chabadniks" - adherents of the Brooklyn-based Chabad Hasidic group. In particular he sponsors many of the activities of the Jewish Learning Initiative. He is a prominent member of the Bukharian Jewish community and is president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.

Leviev organized the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia (FEOR) (Russian : Федерацию Еврейских Общин России (ФЕОР)) in 1997 for Russian Jews.

Leviev is president of the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC), an umbrella body representing Jewish communities across the former Soviet Union, [44] though it is regarded by many as a pro-Putin organization, founded to counter Jewish groups critical of the Russian government. [11] He is the founder of the Ohr Avner Foundation (named for Leviev's father). A prominent member of the Bukharian Jewish community, he serves as president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews. [45]

Personal life

Leviev moved to Hampstead, London, with his wife Olga and their two children in 2007. [5] As a keen follower of golf, Leviev also maintains a house in the beach resort of Ponte Vedra, Florida. [46]

On 6 November 2018 Leviev's son, Zevulun, was arrested in Israel for suspected illegal diamond smuggling from Russia to Israel through LLD Diamonds. [5] [47] [48] [49]

In July 2022, it was reported that Leviev had applied for Portuguese citizenship on the basis of being a descendant of Sephardic Jews. [50]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ During the 1980s, the Glavalmazzolot (Russian: Главное управление драгоценных металлов и алмазов ("Главалмаззолото")) was formed as a state owned enterprise to manage the production of gold and diamonds in the Soviet Union, as well as the cutting and jewelry industry, wholesale trade in diamonds, diamonds and jewelry in the USSR and abroad. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bukharan Jews</span> Jewish subgroup of Central Asia

Bukharan Jews, in modern times called Bukharian Jews, are the Mizrahi Jewish sub-group of Central Asia that historically spoke Bukharian, a Judeo-Persian dialect of the Tajik language, in turn a variety of the Persian language. Their name comes from the former Muslim-Uzbek polity Emirate of Bukhara, which once had a sizable Jewish population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS</span> Jewish cultural organisation in the Commonwealth of Independent States

Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC) is a Jewish organisation dedicated to restoring Jewish life, culture and religion in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Union. The FJC was founded on August 1, 1997, with sponsorship of Ohr Avner Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catoca diamond mine</span> Diamond mine in Angola

The Catoca diamond mine is the fourth largest diamond mine in the world, and is located in Angola. The mine is located on a kimberlite pipe. The mine is owned by a joint venture between the Angolan state-owned company Endiama, and the Russian company Alrosa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcadi Gaydamak</span>

Arcadi Aleksandrovich Gaydamak is a Russian-born French-Israeli businessman, philanthropist, and President of the Congress of Jewish Religious Communities and Organizations of Russia (KEROOR). In the 1990s he was awarded the French Ordre national du Mérite and the Ordre du Mérite agricole for actions taken to rescue personnel in the War in Bosnia. He holds Israeli, Canadian, French, and Russian nationalities, as well as a diplomatic passport from Angola. Gaydamak's net worth was valued between $700 million and $4 billion USD in 2007, but following a series of lawsuits, failed investments, and the global economic crisis in 2008, his net worth declined significantly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ohr Avner Foundation</span> Philanthropic foundation supporting Jewish education in the former Soviet Union

Ohr Avner Foundation is a philanthropic foundation that was established in 1992 by the Israeli billionaire and émigré from the former Soviet Union, Lev Leviev and is managed by its Director Rabbi David Mondshine. The foundation was named in memory of Lev Leviev's father Rabbi Avner Leviev. It supports a large network of Jewish educational institutions in the former Soviet Union, such as Jewish day schools, kindergartens and youth camps, a resource center and a teachers training institute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alrosa</span> Russian diamond mining company

Alrosa is a Russian group of diamond mining companies that specialize in exploration, mining, manufacture, and sale of diamonds. The company leads the world in diamond mining by volume. Mining takes place in Western Yakutia, the Arkhangelsk region, and Africa. Alrosa is Russia's leading diamond mining and distribution company, accounting for 95% of Russian diamond production and 27% of global diamond extraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ENDIAMA</span> State-run Angolan company

ENDIAMA E.P. is the state-run national diamond company of Angola. It is the exclusive concessionary of mining rights in the domain of rough diamonds in Angola.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Africa Israel Investments</span> Investment company

Africa Israel Investments Ltd. is an international holding and investment company based in Yehud, Israel. The group consists of several private and public companies active in areas such as real estate, construction, infrastructure, manufacturing, tourism and leisure. The company’s shares are traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and are a constitute of the TA-35 Index. The company became the subject of newspaper coverage in 2008, for its association with the construction of Israeli settlements on the West Bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Renaissance Capital</span> Russian investment bank

Renaissance Capital is an emerging and frontier markets focused investment bank founded in 1995 in Russia. The firm has offices in Moscow, London, New York, Lagos, Nairobi, Cairo and Nicosia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Channel 9 (Israel)</span> Television station in Israel

Channel 9 is a television station in Israel, formerly known as Israel Plus. It primarily broadcasts in the Russian language usually with Hebrew subtitles. It also broadcasts some shows in Hebrew with Russian subtitles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isabel dos Santos</span> Angolan businesswoman (born 1973)

Isabel Kukanova dos Santos is an Angolan businesswoman, the eldest child of Angola's former President José Eduardo dos Santos, who ruled the country from 1979 to 2017.

CJSC "Air Company ALROSA", formerly Alrosa Mirny Air Enterprise is an airline from Mirny, Russia. Its bases are at Mirny Airport and Polyarny Airport, with a focus city at Lensk Airport. The airline operates scheduled and chartered domestic flights.

Russian submarine <i>B-871</i> Attack submarine

The Russian submarine B-871 Alrosa is a diesel-electric Kilo-class submarine that joined the Soviet Navy in 1990 and was active with the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. B-871 Alrosa was laid down on 17 May 1988 at the Gorky shipyard. The submarine was launched on 10 September 1989 and commissioned on 1 December 1990. In 1991, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the crew of the boat swore allegiance to Ukraine. Though in Ukrainian service, the submarine saw limited duty due to a lack of parts. The vessel returned to Russian service in 1997 as part of an agreement between the two nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adalah-NY</span> American anti-Israel organization

Adalah-NY: The New York Campaign for the Boycott of Israel is a New York-based organization that campaigns for Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) against Israel. “Adalah” is the Arabic word for “justice.”

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lev Binzumovich Leviev</span> Israeli-Russian entrepreneur and investor

Lev Binzumovich Leviev is a Russian entrepreneur and investor, founder of international venture capital firm LVL1, co-founder of Russia's largest social network VK.com and the Selectel data center network.

Leviev is a Slavic masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Levieva. It is a Russification of the Jewish surname "Levi". It may refer to

Denis Katsyv is a Ukrainian, Russian and Israeli businessman based in Moscow and owner of Prevezon Holdings Limited. He was linked in a civil forfeiture case to money laundering through real estate investments in the United States, in violation of the Magnitsky Act of 2012; the case was settled in 2017 with the United States Justice Department by Prevezon agreeing to pay $5.9 million.

The Parties agree that the Complaints do not allege that any of the Defendants, Claimants, or Denis Katsyv, Alexander Litvak, or Timofey Krit, is responsible, directly or indirectly, for the arrest, detention, or death of Sergei Magnitsky, or that they have acted as an agent of, on behalf of or in agreement with a person in a matter relating to the arrest, detention, or death of Sergei Magnitsky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Jews in Angola</span>

The recorded history of the Jews in Angola stretches from the Middle Ages to modern times. A very small community of Jews lives in Angola mostly in the capital city of Luanda with a handful scattered elsewhere of mixed origins and backgrounds. There are also a number of transitory Israeli businesspeople living in Angola.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yitzchak Mirilashvili</span> Israeli entrepreneur (born 1984)

Yitzchak Mirilashvili is an Israeli investor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of VK (Vkontakte.ru), Russia's largest social network. Mirilashvili lives in Israel, where he oversees his businesses as well as various charitable foundations and causes. Mirilashvili is the controlling shareholder of Israel's Channel 14 and in The economy channel.

References

  1. ↑ "Who Is Lev Leviev, the Israeli Billionaire With Ties to Jared Kushner and Putin". Haaretz. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Leviev's Africa Israel stock plummets". JTA - Jewish & Israel News. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009.
  3. ↑ "Forbes profile: Lev Leviev". Forbes. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  4. ↑ "The Tinder Swindler: Who are the real Leviev family and what is LLD Diamonds?". UK. February 8, 2022. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Крутов, Марк (Krutov, Mark) (November 8, 2018). "Конец "алмазного короля". Арестованы родственники друга Путина и Трампа" [The end of the diamond king. Relatives of a friend of both Putin and Trump is arrested]. Свобода (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. 1 2 "Leviev Lev (Africa - Israel Group)". Rough-Polished website. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011.
  7. ↑ ISRALend: Леваев заинтересован в том, чтобы АЛРОСА перешла под контроль Усманова и Керимова
  8. ↑ "Лев Леваев купил права на Playboy и Pamela Anderson вместе с производителем украшений" [Lev Leviev bought the rights to Playboy and Pamela Anderson together with a jewelry manufacturer]. Kommersant (in Russian). September 11, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  9. 1 2 Weldon, Robert (January 2002). "The Discreet Tycoon: Many jewelers don't yet know Lev Leviev, though his share of worldwide diamond holdings, diversified investments and political contacts make him a force to be reckoned with". The Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on November 16, 2002.
  10. ↑ Berman, Phyllis; Goldman, Lea (September 15, 2003). "Cracked De Beers: Lev Leviev is taking on the most successful cartel in the world". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 5, 2003.
  11. 1 2 Melhman, Yossi (December 11, 2005). "No love lost". Haaretz. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  12. 1 2 3 Protess, Ben; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Drucker, Jesse (July 19, 2017). "Big German Bank, Key to Trump's Finances, Faces New Scrutiny". New York Times . Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  13. ↑ Kranish, Michael (June 25, 2017). "Kushner firm's $285 million Deutsche Bank loan came just before Election Day". Washington Post . Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  14. ↑ Dent, Wendy; Pilkington, Ed; Walker, Shaun (July 24, 2017). "Jared Kushner sealed real estate deal with oligarch's firm cited in money-laundering case". The Guardian . Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". jpost.com. July 9, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  16. ↑ "$50 Million Private Investment In Ariel". Israel Business Today. June 1, 1999. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  17. ↑ David Bloom (December 18, 2004). "Israeli Settlement Seizes Palestinian Farmland". Scoop . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  18. 1 2 Brostoff, Marissa (February 15, 2008). "Diamond Mogul Receives Angry Valentine". The Forward. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Breaking News - JTA, Jewish & Israel News: British charity asked to shun Leviev". January 13, 2008. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008.
  20. ↑ Trotta, Daniel (June 21, 2008). "UNICEF cuts ties to Israeli billionaire Leviev". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  21. ↑ Brackman, Levi (June 26, 2008). "ADL: UNICEF decision to reject Leviev 'selective discrimination'". Ynet. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  22. ↑ Hayeem, Abe (April 28, 2009). "Boycott this Israeli settlement builder". The Guardian . Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  23. ↑ "Norway's oil fund can reinvest in Africa Israel Investments, Danya Cebus". Reuters . Oslo. August 21, 2013. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  24. ↑ "Observation and exclusion of companies". Norges Bank Investment Management. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  25. ↑ Zarchin, Tomer; Lis, Jonathan (November 19, 2009). "High Court: Israeli Prisons Will Not Be Privatized". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009.
  26. ↑ TA market drops as Africa-Israel plunges | Business News | Jerusalem Post [ permanent dead link ]
  27. ↑ "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". jpost.com. July 9, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  28. 1 2 Asa-El, Amotz (September 22, 2009). "How an Israeli king of diamonds overplayed his hand". Marketwatch (Wall Street Journal). Archived from the original on June 8, 2011.
  29. ↑ Avriel, Eytan; Rolnik, Guy; Coren, Ora (February 3, 2007). "Africa-Israel is to Africa and Israel as Apple is to fruit". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
  30. ↑ Starkman, Rotem (September 1, 2009). "Lev Leviev, then and now". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009.
  31. ↑ "Lev Leviev". Adalah-NY. 2009. Archived from the original on December 29, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  32. ↑ "Africa Israel board approves debt restructuring plan". Reuters . Jerusalem. February 8, 2010. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018.
  33. ↑ Rochvarger, Michael (April 4, 2016). "Africa Israel Chief: I Piss on Banks From Above". Haaretz . Archived from the original on February 9, 2018.
  34. ↑ Ivanidze, Vladimir; Shihab, Sophie (November 28, 2002). "Poutine cerné par les mafias russes" [Putin surrounded by Russian mafias]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on December 17, 2002. Retrieved September 7, 2021. Archive is in Russian as Владимир Путин в окружении мафии. Alt URL
  35. 1 2 3 4 Weldon, Robert, G.G. (February 2002). "Lev Leviev's Angolan Connection". Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on June 19, 2002.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. 1 2 Smith, Ben (May 4, 2007). "Meet the Mogul: The Putin pal who just bought the old New York Times Building". New York . Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.
  37. ↑ Weeldon, Robert (February 2001). "Angola's Tangled Web: Even with tighter government screening, Angola's diamond supply remains tainted and provides little benefit to the people who live there". Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on August 23, 2002.
  38. ↑ Zimnisky, Paul (March 13, 2014). "The state of global rough diamond supply 2014". mining.com. Retrieved December 6, 2019– via PaulZimnisky.com.
  39. 1 2 "Angola's company invests 330 million dollars in new diamond mine". angolaforex. December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.[ permanent dead link ]
  40. ↑ "Alrosa To Increase Stake in Angola's Catoca to 41%, Commercial Prod'n at Luaxe after 2020". thediamondloupe.com. November 15, 2017. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Commercial diamond production at Angola's Luaxe may begin after 2020 — Alrosa chief: According to the Alrosa president, the development of any major deposit from the project stage to the industrial production stage takes about between four and seven years". Tass. November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  42. ↑ Русских, Алена (Russkikh, Alena) (May 23, 2017). "АЛРОСА получит долю в крупном алмазном месторождении в Анголе: АЛРОСА и ВТБ примут участие в ангольском алмазном проекте "Луаше". АЛРОСА получит 16,5% через совместное предприятие с ангольской госкомпанией и может докупить еще 8% в проекте напрямую" [ALROSA will receive a stake in a large diamond deposit in Angola: ALROSA and VTB will take part in the Angola diamond project “Luache”. ALROSA will receive 16.5% through a joint venture with the Angolan state company and may purchase another 8% in the project directly]. RBC (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ↑ "Angola Expects the Luaxe Mine to Double the Country's Diamond Output by 2022: "We are currently producing 8 million carats per year and with Luaxe kimberlite, we are going to double the output in five years"". Israeli Diamond Industry website. February 13, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  44. ↑ Greer Fay Cashman (April 2, 205). "Grapevine: A 100-ton gift of the bread of affliction". The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  45. ↑ Andrew Higgins (April 7, 2018). "In Bukhara, 10000 Jewish Graves but Just 150 Jews". The New York Times . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  46. ↑ Rochvarger, Michael (December 27, 2007). "Lev Leviev, Israel's richest man, to leave country for London". Haaretz. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  47. ↑ "По делу о контрабанде алмазов задержаны еще трое подозреваемых" [Three more suspects detained in diamond smuggling case]. newsru.co.il (in Russian). November 7, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  48. ↑ Bachner, Michael (November 15, 2018). "Police believe Leviev workers had diamonds smuggled into Israel in condoms: Investigators in mass fraud probe say Russian-Israeli billionaire's enterprise hired couriers to hide gems inside bodies, a tactic typically employed by crime organizations". Times of Israel . Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  49. ↑ "Leviev diamond company urges AG to probe police role in employee's suicide: LLB Diamonds, at center of investigation into alleged gem smuggling, says pressure and threats led Mazal Hadadi to jump from tenth floor of Ramat Gan Diamond Exchange". Times of Israel . November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Russian oligarchs' citizenship bids face scrutiny in Portugal". Reuters. July 23, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.