List of Microsoft Windows versions

Original Windows logo from 1985

Current Windows logo (introduced in 2021)

Timeline showing releases of Windows for personal computers and servers

Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.

Personal computer versions

A "personal computer" version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations.

The first five versions of Windows– Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1 –were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both consumers and businesses. However, Windows 3.1 had two separate successors, splitting the Windows line in two: the consumer-focused "Windows 9x" line, consisting of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me; and the professional Windows NT line, comprising Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. These two lines were reunited into a single line with the NT-based Windows XP; this Windows release succeeded both Windows Me and Windows 2000 and had separate editions for consumer and professional use. Since Windows XP, multiple further versions of Windows have been released, the most recent of which is Windows 11. Since Windows 10, Microsoft has effectively turned to the "Windows as a service" servicing model, most likely to ensure it competes with mobile operating systems.

List of Microsoft Windows versions for personal computers

Name	Codename	Release date	Version	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows 1.01	Interface Manager	November 20, 1985	1.01	—	—	x86-16	December 31, 2001
Windows 1.02	—	May 14, 1986	1.02	—	—
Windows 1.03	—	August 21, 1986	1.03	—	—
Windows 1.04	—	April 10, 1987	1.04	—	—
Windows 2.01	—	December 9, 1987	2.01	—	—	x86-16, IA-32
Windows 2.03	—	December 9, 1987	2.03	—	—
Windows 2.1	—	May 27, 1988	2.10	—	—
Windows 2.11	—	March 13, 1989	2.11	—	—
Windows 3.0	—	May 22, 1990	3.00	Windows 3.00a Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions	—
Windows 3.1	Janus	April 6, 1992	3.10	Windows 3.1	103
	Sparta [a]	October 31, 1992		Windows for Workgroups 3.1	102	IA-32
Windows NT 3.1	Razzle [1]	July 27, 1993	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	December 31, 2000
Windows 3.11	—	November 8, 1993	3.11	Windows 3.11	?	x86-16, IA-32	December 31, 2001
	Snowball			Windows for Workgroups 3.11	300	IA-32
Windows 3.2	—	November 22, 1993	3.2	Windows 3.2	153	x86-16, IA-32
Windows NT 3.5	Daytona	September 21, 1994	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Workstation	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC
Windows NT 3.51		May 30, 1995	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Workstation	1057
Windows 95	Chicago	August 24, 1995	4.00	Windows 95	950	IA-32
Windows NT 4.0	Shell Update Release (Tukwila)	August 24, 1996	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation	1381	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	June 30, 2004
Windows 98	Memphis [b]	June 25, 1998	4.10	Windows 98	1998	IA-32	July 11, 2006
Windows 98 Second Edition	—	June 10, 1999		Windows 98 Second Edition	2222A
Windows 2000	Windows NT 5.0	February 17, 2000	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Professional	2195	IA-32	July 13, 2010
Windows Me	Millennium	September 14, 2000	4.90	Windows Me	3000	IA-32	July 11, 2006
Windows XP	Whistler	October 25, 2001	NT 5.1	Windows XP Starter Windows XP Home Windows XP Professional	2600	IA-32	April 8, 2014
				Windows XP 64-bit Edition		Itanium
	Freestyle	October 29, 2002		Windows XP Media Center Edition		IA-32
	Harmony	September 30, 2003		Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
	Symphony	October 12, 2004		Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005	2700
	Emerald	October 14, 2005		Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Update Rollup 2	2710
	Anvil	April 25, 2005	NT 5.2	Windows XP Professional x64 Edition	3790	x86-64
Windows Vista	Longhorn [3]	January 30, 2007	NT 6.0	Windows Vista Starter Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Premium Windows Vista Business Windows Vista Enterprise Windows Vista Ultimate	6002 [c]	IA-32, x86-64	April 11, 2017
Windows 7	Windows 7 [4]	October 22, 2009	NT 6.1	Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Enterprise Windows 7 Ultimate	7601 [d]	IA-32, x86-64	January 14, 2020
Windows 8	Windows 8	October 26, 2012	NT 6.2	Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise	9200	IA-32, x86-64	January 12, 2016
Windows 8.1	Blue [5]	October 17, 2013	NT 6.3	Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise	9600	IA-32, x86-64	January 10, 2023
		May 23, 2014 [e]		Windows 8.1 with Bing
Windows 10	Threshold [6] [f]	July 29, 2015	NT 10.0 1507 (retroactively)	Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Pro Windows 10 Education Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 10 Pro for Workstations Windows 10 Pro Education Windows 10 S Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC	10240	IA-32, x86-64, ARM64	May 9, 2017
Windows 10 version 1511	Threshold 2	November 10, 2015	1511		10586		October 10, 2017
Windows 10 version 1607	Redstone 1	August 2, 2016	1607		14393		April 10, 2018
Windows 10 version 1703	Redstone 2	April 5, 2017	1703		15063		October 9, 2018
Windows 10 version 1709	Redstone 3	October 17, 2017	1709		16299		April 9, 2019
Windows 10 version 1803	Redstone 4	April 30, 2018	1803		17134		November 12, 2019
Windows 10 version 1809	Redstone 5	November 13, 2018	1809		17763		November 10, 2020
Windows 10 version 1903	19H1	May 21, 2019	1903		18362		December 8, 2020
Windows 10 version 1909	Vanadium	November 12, 2019	1909		18363		May 11, 2021
Windows 10 version 2004	Vibranium	May 27, 2020	2004		19041		December 14, 2021
Windows 10 version 20H2		October 20, 2020	20H2		19042		August 9, 2022
Windows 10 version 21H1		May 18, 2021	21H1		19043		December 13, 2022
Windows 10 version 21H2		November 16, 2021	21H2		19044		June 13, 2023
Windows 10 version 22H2		October 18, 2022	22H2		19045		October 14, 2025
Windows 11	Cobalt [g]	October 4, 2021	21H2	Windows 11 Home Windows 11 Pro Windows 11 Pro for Workstations Windows 11 Pro Education Windows 11 Education Windows 11 Enterprise Windows 11 SE	22000	x86-64, ARM64	October 10, 2023 [h]
Windows 11 version 22H2	Nickel [i]	September 20, 2022	22H2		22621		October 8, 2024 [h]
Windows 11 version 23H2		October 31, 2023	23H2		22631		November 11, 2025 [h]
Windows 11 version 24H2	Germanium	October 1, 2024	24H2		26100		October 13, 2026 [h]

Mobile versions

See also: Windows Mobile, Windows Phone version history, and Windows 10 Mobile version history

Mobile versions refer to versions of Windows that can run on smartphones or personal digital assistants.

Pocket PC 2000 logo

Logo used for Windows Phone 7.5 and Windows Phone 7.8

Logo used for Windows Phone 8 and Windows Phone 8.1

Logo used for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile

Name	Codename	Architecture	Release date	Version Number
Pocket PC 2000	Rapier	ARMv4, MIPS, SH-3	April 19, 2000	CE 3.0
Pocket PC 2002	Merlin	ARMv4	October 4, 2001
Windows Mobile 2003	Ozone	ARMv5	June 23, 2003	CE 4.x
Windows Mobile 2003 SE			March 24, 2004
Windows Mobile 5.0	Magneto		May 9, 2005	CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0	Crossbow		February 12, 2007
Windows Mobile 6.1			April 1, 2008	CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1.4	6 on 6		November 11, 2008 [8]
Windows Mobile 6.5	Titanium		May 11, 2009	CE 6.0
Windows Phone 7 [j]	Metro	ARMv7	October 29, 2010
Windows Phone 7.5	Mango		September 27, 2011
Windows Phone 7.8	Tango		February 1, 2013
Windows Phone 8	Apollo		October 29, 2012	NT 6.2
Windows Phone 8.1	Blue		April 14, 2014	NT 6.3
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1511	Threshold 2		November 12, 2015	1511
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1607	Redstone 1		August 16, 2016	1607
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1703	Redstone 2		April 24, 2017	1703
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1709	feature2 [9]		October 24, 2017	1709

Server versions

Main article: Windows Server

Name	Codename	Release date	Version number	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows NT 3.1	Razzle	July 27, 1993	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	December 31, 2000
Windows NT 3.5	Daytona	September 21, 1994	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Server	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	December 31, 2001
Windows NT 3.51		May 29, 1995	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Server	1057		December 31, 2001
Windows NT 4.0	Shell Update Release	July 29, 1996	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Server Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition	1381		December 31, 2004
Windows 2000	NT 5.0	February 17, 2000	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server	2195	IA-32	July 13, 2010
Windows Server 2003	Whistler Server	April 24, 2003	NT 5.2	Windows Server Web Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Storage Server Windows Unified Data Storage Server	3790	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	July 14, 2015
Windows Server 2003 R2		December 6, 2005					July 14, 2015
Windows Server 2008	Longhorn Server	February 27, 2008	NT 6.0	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Server for Itanium-based Systems Windows Storage Server Windows Web Server	6003 [c]	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	January 14, 2020
Windows Server 2008 R2	Windows Server 7	October 22, 2009	NT 6.1		7601 [d]	x86-64, Itanium	January 14, 2020
Windows Server 2012	Windows Server 8	September 4, 2012	NT 6.2	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Essentials Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	9200	x86-64	October 10, 2023
Windows Server 2012 R2	Windows Server Blue	October 17, 2013	NT 6.3		9600		October 10, 2023
Windows Server 2016	Redstone	October 12, 2016	1607 [10]	Windows Server Essentials [k] Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	14393		January 12, 2027
Windows Server, version 1709 [11]	Redstone 3	October 17, 2017	1709		16299		April 9, 2019
Windows Server, version 1803 [12]	Redstone 4	April 30, 2018	1803		17134		November 12, 2019
Windows Server, version 1809	Redstone 5	November 13, 2018 [13]	1809		17763		November 10, 2020
Windows Server 2019 [10]	Redstone 5						January 9, 2029 [10]
Windows Server, version 1903 [10]	Redstone 5	May 21, 2019	1903		18362		December 8, 2020 [10]
Windows Server, version 1909 [10]	Vanadium	November 12, 2019	1909		18363		May 11, 2021 [10]
Windows Server, version 2004 [14]	Vibranium	June 26, 2020	2004		19041		December 14, 2021 [10]
Windows Server, version 20H2 [14]	Iron	October 20, 2020	20H2		19042		August 9, 2022 [10]
Windows Server 2022	Vibranium	August 18, 2021	21H2 [15]		20348		October 14, 2031 [10]
Windows Server, version 23H2	Zinc	October 14, 2023	23H2		25398	AMD64	October 24, 2025
Windows Server 2025	Germanium	November 1, 2024	24H2		26100	AMD64, ARM64	October 10, 2034

High-performance computing (HPC) servers

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003	—	June 9, 2006	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows HPC Server 2008	Socrates	September 22, 2008	Windows Server 2008
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2	—	September 20, 2010	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Essential Business Server

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Windows Essential Business Server 2008	Centro	September 15, 2008	January 14, 2020	5700	Windows Server 2008

Windows Home Server

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Based on
Windows Home Server	Quattro	November 4, 2007	January 8, 2013	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows Home Server 2011	Vail	April 6, 2011	April 12, 2016	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows MultiPoint Server

Main article: Windows MultiPoint Server

Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows MultiPoint Server 2010	Solution Server	February 24, 2010	July 14, 2020	NT 6.1	537	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows MultiPoint Server 2011	WMS 2	May 12, 2011	July 13, 2021		1600	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1
Windows MultiPoint Server 2012	WMS 3	October 30, 2012	October 10, 2023	NT 6.2	2506	Windows Server 2012

Windows Small Business Server

Main article: Windows Server Essentials

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Small Business Server 2000	—	February 21, 2001	July 13, 2010	1343	Windows 2000 Server
Windows Small Business Server 2003	Bobcat	October 9, 2003	July 14, 2015	2893	Windows Server 2003
Windows Small Business Server 2008	Cougar	August 21, 2008	January 14, 2020	5601	Windows Server 2008
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Standard	Windows Small Business Server 7	December 13, 2010	January 14, 2020	7900	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials	Colorado	June 28, 2011	January 5, 2013	8800

Device versions

ARM-based tablets

Main article: Windows RT

Windows RT logo

The Surface RT (shown with keyboard cover attached) was the flagship Windows RT device upon its release.

In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows, named "Windows RT" and "Windows RT 8.1," were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches); ^[16] however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, thus rendering a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.

Name	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows RT	October 26, 2012	NT 6.2	9200	Windows 8
Windows RT 8.1	October 18, 2013	NT 6.3	9600	Windows 8.1

Mixed reality and virtual reality headsets

Main article: Windows Mixed Reality

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1607 [17]	14393
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1803 [17]	17134
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1809 [17]	17763
Windows Holographic, version 1903 [18]	18362
Windows Holographic, version 2004 [18]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 20H2 [18]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 21H1 [18]	20346
Windows Holographic, version 21H2 [18]	20348
Windows Holographic, version 22H1 [18]	20348

Surface Hub

Main article: Surface Hub

Microsoft originally announced the Surface Hub, an interactive whiteboard, in January 2015. The Surface Hub family of devices runs a custom variant of Windows 10 known as Windows 10 Team.

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Team, version 1511 [19]	10586
Windows 10 Team, version 1607 [19]	14393
Windows 10 Team, version 1703 [19]	15063
Windows 10 Team, version 20H2 [19]	19042

Windows XP-based tablets

Tablet computer running a "Tablet PC Edition" of Windows XP

Two versions of Windows XP were released that were optimized for tablets. Beginning with Windows Vista, all tablet-specific components were included in the main version of the operating system.

Name	Codename	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition	—	November 7, 2002	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005	Lonestar	August 2004	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP

Embedded versions

Windows Embedded Compact

Main article: Windows Embedded Compact

Name	Codename(s)	Release date
Windows CE 1.0	Pegasus; Alder	November 16, 1996
Windows CE 2.0	Jupiter; Birch	September 29, 1997
Windows CE 2.1	—	July 1998
Windows CE 2.11	—	October 1998
Windows CE 2.12	—	1999
Windows CE 3.0	Cedar; Galileo	2000
Windows CE 4.0	Talisker	January 7, 2002
Windows CE 4.1	Jameson	July 30, 2002
Windows CE 4.2	McKendric	April 23, 2003
Windows CE 5.0	Macallan	July 9, 2004
Windows Embedded CE 6.0	Yamakazi	November 1, 2006
Windows Embedded Compact 7	Chelan	March 1, 2011
Windows Embedded Compact 2013	—	June 13, 2013

Windows Embedded Standard

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows NT Embedded 4.0	Impala	August 30, 1999	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
Windows XP Embedded	Mantis	November 28, 2001	Windows XP Professional
Windows Embedded Standard 2009	—	December 14, 2008	Windows XP Service Pack 3
Windows Embedded Standard 7	Quebec	2010	Windows 7
Windows Embedded 8	—	2013	Windows 8
Windows Embedded 8.1	—	2013	Windows 8.1

Other embedded versions

• Windows Embedded Industry
• Windows Embedded Automotive

Cancelled versions

Cancelled personal computer versions

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Version	Latest known build number	Notes
Cairo	—	1996	NT 4.0	1175	Originally announced at the 1991 Microsoft Professional Developers Conference, Cairo was the codename of a project whose charter was to build technologies for a next-generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates's vision of "information at your fingertips". [20] Cairo never shipped, although portions of its technologies have since appeared in other products.
Nashville [l]	Windows 96	1996	4.1	999	Nashville was an operating system planned to have been released between Windows 95 and Windows 98, presumably under the "Windows 96" moniker.
Neptune	—	Early 2000	NT 5.50	5111	Neptune, based on the Windows 2000 codebase, was planned to be the first version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant. A version was sent out to testers but was never released. [21] [22] The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey eventually combined to work on Windows XP.
Odyssey	—	Early 2000	NT 6.0 [23]	—	Odyssey was planned to be the successor of Windows 2000. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey eventually combined to work on Windows XP.
Triton	—	Early 2000	—	—	Triton was planned to be the successor of Windows Neptune and had been scheduled to be released in March 2001.
Blackcomb	—	January 2006	—	—	Blackcomb was originally planned to be a release of Windows following Windows XP. However, due to the large feature scope planned for Blackcomb, a smaller release codenamed "Longhorn" was planned first, and Blackcomb was delayed to 2003/2004. Both projects faced delays; Longhorn would go on to be released to consumers as "Windows Vista" in January 2007, while development on Blackcomb continued until the Blackcomb project was renamed "Vienna" in early 2006.
Vienna	—	July 2007 [m]	—	—	Vienna replaced Blackcomb and was intended as Windows Vista's successor. Vienna was eventually cancelled in favor of a new project codenamed "Windows 7" (which went on to be released in 2009 with the same name).
Polaris	—	2018	—	16299	Cancelled in favor of Santorini
Santorini [n]	Windows 10X	May 18, 2021 [o] [25]	21H1	20279	Microsoft had been reported as working on a new "lite" version of Windows as early as December 2018. [26] Such a version was officially announced under the name "Windows 10X" at an event in October 2019; the operating system was intended to first launch on dual-screen devices. In May 2020, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would instead be launching on single-screen PCs, such as laptops and 2-in-1 devices, first. [27] However, on May 18, 2021, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would not be launching (at least not in 2021); many of its features were instead rolled into Windows 11.

Cancelled mobile versions

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Notes
Photon	Windows Mobile 7	September 2008 [28]	Originally a successor of Windows Mobile, it had been scrapped for Windows Phone 7 [29] [30]
Phoenix	—	Early 2017	Cancelled when Microsoft "wound down" its phone efforts. [31]
Andromeda	—	Mid-2018	Much of the work that was put into Andromeda was migrated into Santorini. The Surface Duo, a dual-screen Android-powered smartphone launched by Microsoft in 2020, was loosely based on the prototype hardware that had been used to test Andromeda. [32]

Cancelled server versions

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Latest known build number
Cascades	Windows Essential Business Server 2008 R2	April 7, 2010 [o]	7224

See also

• List of Microsoft operating systems
• Microsoft Windows version history
• Windows 10 version history
• Windows 11 version history
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• List of Microsoft codenames

Notes

1. Originally codenamed Winball
2. Has also been called ChiCairo and London. ^[2]
3. Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 originally had the build number 6000 when they were first released; the build number was increased by one with each of the two subsequent Service Packs.
4. Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 originally had the build number 7600 when they were first released; the build number was increased to 7601 with the release of Service Pack 1.
5. Announcement date
6. Retroactively referred to as Threshold 1
7. The core of Windows 11 version 21H2 is codenamed Cobalt; ^[7] the "Sun Valley" codename refers to the UI layer of Windows 11 version 21H2 and is commonly used to address Windows 11 version 21H2 as a whole.
8. The end-of-support date listed in the table refers to Home and Pro editions. Specific versions and editions of Windows 11 have different end of support dates; see template:Windows 11 versions for a breakdown of dates by version and edition.
9. The core of Windows 11 version 22h2 is codenamed Nickel; the "Sun Valley 2" codename refers to the UI layer of Windows 11 version 22H2.
10. Originally named "Windows Phone 7 Series"
11. Between versions 1709 and 20H2 of Windows Server, the "Windows Server Essentials" edition of Windows Server was only included in Windows Server 2019.
12. Nashville was originally codenamed Cleveland.
13. July 2007 is when it was reported that the Vista's successor was codenamed "7", rather than "Vienna", indicating that Vienna's discontinuation had occurred by then. However, Vienna may have been cancelled prior to then.
14. While Santorini was the general codename for Windows 10X, Centaurus was the specific codename for Windows 10X on foldable PCs and Pegasus was the codename for Windows 10X on "traditional" PCs (such as laptops or 2-in-1 computers). ^[24]
15. Date refers to when the cancellation of the operating system was announced. The decision for the operating system to be cancelled may have occurred prior to then.

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