Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

Last updated March 20, 2024

Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

General information

Basic general information about Windows.

DOS shells

Name	Release date	Latest version	Status support	Codename	OS required	Architecture	Editions	Target market
Windows 1.0	1985-11-20	1.04 (1987-04-08)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Interface Manager	DOS 2.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 2.0	1987-09-08	2.03 (1987-12-09)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 2.1x	1988-05-27	2.11 (1989-03-13)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 3.0	1990-05-22	3.0a with Multimedia Extensions (1991-10-20)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.1 or higher	16-bit	Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0a Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions	Desktops
Windows 3.1x	1992-04-06	3.11 (1993-12-31)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Janus 3.1 for Workgroups:Kato 3.11:Snowball (LB) 3.11 for Workgroups:Sparta	DOS 3.3 or higher	16-bit*	Windows 3.1 Windows for Workgroups 3.1 Windows 3.11 Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Windows 3.2 (Simplified Chinese only)	Desktops

* Has partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s

Windows 9x

Name	Release date	RTM build	Latest version	Status support	Codename	MS-DOS version	Kernel type	Architecture	Editions	Target market
Windows 95	1995-07-14	950	4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Chicago	MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x)	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit	Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5	Desktops
Windows 98	1998-05-15	1998	4.10.1998	Unsupported (2006-07-11)	Memphis	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops
Windows 98 SE	1999-05-05	2222	4.10.2222A (2000-02-25)	Unsupported (2006-07-11)		MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops
Windows Me	2000-06-19	3000	4.90.3000 (2000-09-14)	Unsupported (2006-07-11)	Millennium	MS-DOS 8.0	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops

Windows NT

Name		Release date	Version	RTM build	Latest build	Status support	Codename, working name	Supported architectures	Editions	OS type
Windows NT 3.1		1993-07-27	3.1	528	528 (SP3) (1994-11-10)	Unsupported (2000-12-31)^[1]	New Technology OS/2	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	Workstation, Advanced Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 3.5		1994-09-21	3.5	807	807 (SP3) (1995-06-21)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Daytona	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC ^[2]	Workstation, Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 3.51		1995-05-30	3.51	1057	1057 (SP5) (1996-09-19)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	—	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	Workstation, Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 4.0		1996-07-31	4.0	1381	1381 (SP6a) (1999-11-30)	Unsupported (2004-06-30) Extended Security Updates were released until 2006	Cairo/Shell Update Release Hydra (Terminal Server) Impala (Embedded)	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded	Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs
Windows 2000		1999-12-15	5.0	2195	SP4 Rollup 1 v2 (2005-09-13)	Unsupported (2010-07-13)	N/A Windows 2000 64-bit: Janus	IA-32	Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Powered (Embedded)	Desktop, Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs
Windows XP		2001-08-24	5.1	2600	2600 (SP3) (2008-04-21)	Unsupported (2014-04-08)	Whistler	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	Home^K, Professional^K^x64, Media Center, Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded	Desktop, Workstation, Embedded PCs
Windows Server 2003		2003-04-24	5.2	3790	3790 (SP2) (2007-03-13)	Unsupported (2015-07-14)	Whistler Server, Windows.NET Server	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster	Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC
Windows Server 2003 R2		2005	5.2	3790	?	Unsupported (2015-07-14)	?	IA-32, x86-64		Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs		2006-07-08	5.1	2600	—	Unsupported (2014-04-08)	Eiger, Mönch	IA-32	Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	Desktop
Windows Vista		2006-11-30	6.0	6000	6002 (SP2) (2009-04-28)	Unsupported (2017-04-11)	Longhorn	IA-32, x86-64	Starter, Home Basic^K, Home Premium^K, Business^K, Enterprise^K, Ultimate^K	Desktop, Workstation
Windows Home Server		2007-11-04	5.2	3790	—	Unsupported (2013-01-08)	Q, Quattro	IA-32, x86-64	Home Server	Server
Windows Server 2008		2008-02-04	6.0	6001	6002 (SP2) (2009-04-28)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	Longhorn Server	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	Web^Core, Standard^Core^wHV^CwHV, Enterprise^Core^wHV^CwHV, Small Business Server, Datacenter^Core^wHV^CwHV, HPC, HyperV Core, Foundation, Storage	Server
Windows 7		2009-07-22	6.1	7600	7601 (SP1) (2011-02-22)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	7	IA-32, x86-64	Starter^K, Home Basic^K, Home Premium^K, Professional^K, Ultimate^K, Enterprise^K	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2008 R2		2009-07-22	6.1	7600	7601 (SP1) (2011-02-22)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	7 Server	IA-64, x86-64	Standard^Core, Enterprise^Core, Datacenter^Core, Web^Core	Server
Windows Home Server 2011		2011-04-06	6.1	8400	—	Unsupported (2016-04-12)	Vail	x86-64	Home Server	Server
Windows Server 2012		2012-08-01	6.2	9200	—	Unsupported (2023-10-10)	8 Server	x86-64	Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows 8		2012-08-01	6.2	9200	—	(RTM only) Unsupported (2016-01-12)	8	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Windows 8, Pro, Enterprise^K, Windows RT	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows 8.1		2013-08-27	6.3	9600	—	Unsupported (2023-01-10)	Blue	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Windows 8.1, Pro, Enterprise^K, Windows RT 8.1	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2012 R2		2013-10-18	6.3	9600	—	Unsupported (2023-10-10)	Blue Server	x86-64	Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Essentials, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows 10	Original Release	2015-07-29	10.0	10240	—	Unsupported (2017-05-09)	Threshold	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Home, Pro, Education, Enterprise	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
	Original Release	2015-07-29		10240	Supported (2025-10-14)	Enterprise LTSB	Threshold
	November Update	2015-11-12		10586	—	Unsupported (2017-10-10)	Threshold 2		Home, Pro, Education, Enterprise
	Anniversary Update	2016-08-02		14393	—	Unsupported (2018-04-10)	Redstone		Home, Pro, Pro Education
					Unsupported (2019-04-09)	Education, Enterprise
					Supported (2026-10-13)	Enterprise LTSB
	Creators Update	2017-04-11		15063	—	Unsupported (2018-10-09)	Redstone 2		Home, Pro, Pro Education
	Creators Update	2017-04-11		15063	Unsupported (2019-10-08)	Education, Enterprise	Redstone 2
	Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17		16299	—	Unsupported (2019-04-09)	Redstone 3	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7, ARM64	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
	Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17		16299	Unsupported (2020-10-13)	Education, Enterprise	Redstone 3
	April 2018 Update	2018-04-30		17134	—	Unsupported (2019-11-12)	Redstone 4		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
	April 2018 Update	2018-04-30		17134	Unsupported (2021-05-11)	Education, Enterprise	Redstone 4
	October 2018 Update	2018-10-02		17763	—	Unsupported (2020-11-10)	Redstone 5		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
					Unsupported (2021-05-11)	Education, Enterprise
					Supported (2029-01-09)	Enterprise LTSC
	May 2019 Update	2019-05-21		18362	—	Unsupported (2020-12-08)	19H1		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
	November 2019 Update	2019-11-12		18363	—	Unsupported (2021-05-11)	19H2		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
	November 2019 Update	2019-11-12		18363	Unsupported (2022-05-10)	Education, Enterprise	19H2
	May 2020 Update	2020-05-27		19041	—	Unsupported (2021-12-14)	20H1		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
	October 2020 Update	2020-10-20		19042	—	Unsupported (2022-05-10)	20H2		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
	October 2020 Update	2020-10-20		19042	Unsupported (2023-05-09)	Education, Enterprise	20H2
	May 2021 Update	2021-05-18		19043	—	Unsupported (2022-12-13)	21H1		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
	November 2021 Update	2021-10-16		19044	—	Unsupported (2023-06-13)	21H2		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
					Supported (2024-06-11)	Education, Enterprise
					Supported (2027-01-12)	Enterprise LTSC
	2022 Update	2022-10-18		19045	—	Supported (2025-10-14)	22H2		Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2016		2016-09-26	10.0	14393	—	Supported (2027-01-12)	Redstone Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, MultiPoint Premium, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows Server 2019		2018-10-02	10.0	17763	—	Supported (2029-01-09)	Redstone 5 Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter	Server
Windows Server 2022		2021-08-18	10.0	20348	—	Supported (2031-10-14)	21H2 Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Datacenter for Azure	Server
Windows 11	Original Release	2021-10-05	10.0	22000	—	Unsupported (2023-10-10)	Sunvalley (21H2)	x86-64, ARM64	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, SE	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
	Original Release	2021-10-05		22000	Supported (2024-10-08)	Education, Enterprise	Sunvalley (21H2)
	2022 Update	2022-09-20		22621	Supported (2024-10-08)	22H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, SE
	2022 Update	2022-09-20		22621	Supported (2025-10-14)	22H2	Education, Enterprise
	2023 Update	2023-10-31		22631	Supported (2025-11-11)	23H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, SE
	2023 Update	2023-10-31		22631	Supported (2026-11-10)	23H2	Education, Enterprise
Name		Release date	Version	RTM build	Latest build	Status support	Codename, working name	Supported architectures	Editions	OS type

^N has also an N-edition

^K has also an N-edition

^KN has also an N-edition

^x64 has a separate x64-edition

^Core has also a Core-edition

^wHV has also an edition without HyperV

^CwHV has also a Core-edition without HyperV

Windows Embedded Compact

Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) is a discontinued variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE was a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and is compatible on MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.

Name	Release date	RTM build	Current version	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)	Kernel type	Operating environments	Editions	Purpose	Short description
Windows CE 1.0	1996-11-16			Unsupported	Pegasus, Alder	CE 1.0				Embedded	First release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems
Windows CE 2.0	1997-11-29			Unsupported	Mercury, Apollo	CE 2.0			2.1, 2.11	Embedded
Windows CE 3.0	2000-06-15			Unsupported (2007-10-09)	Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger	CE 3.0	Embedded kernel			Embedded
Windows CE 4.0	2002-01-07			Unsupported	Talisker	CE 4.0			4.1, 4.2	Embedded
Windows CE 5.0	2004-07-09		5.0 (2004-07-09)	Unsupported (2014-10-14)	Macallan	CE 5.0	Embedded kernel			Embedded
Windows Embedded CE 6.0	2006-11-01			Unsupported (2018-04-10)	Yamazaki	CE 6.0	Hybrid kernel
Windows Embedded Compact 7	2011-03-01	?	?	Unsupported (2021-04-13)	Chelan	CE 7.0	Hybrid	? Standard, POSReady
Windows Embedded Compact 2013	2013-08-11		Update 17 (2017-11-15)	Unsupported (2023-10-10)	—	CE 8.0			Standard Industry (8.0, 8.1) Handheld	Embedded

Windows IoT

The Windows IoT family is the successor to the now-discontinued Windows Embedded family.

Name		Release date	Version	RTM build	Editions	License	OS type	Status support
Windows 10 IoT	Anniversary Update	2016-08-02	NT 10.0	14393	Core	OEM	IoT	Unsupported (2018-04-10)^[3]
					Enterprise			Unsupported (2019-04-09)^[4]
					Enterprise LTSB			Supported (2026-10-13)^[5]
	Creators Update	2017-04-11		15063	Core			Unsupported (2018-10-09)^[3]
	Creators Update	2017-04-11		15063	Enterprise			Unsupported (2019-10-08)^[4]
	Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17		16299	Core			Unsupported (2019-04-09)^[3]
	Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17		16299	Enterprise			Unsupported (2020-10-13)^[4]
	April 2018 Update	2018-04-30		17134	Core			Unsupported (2019-11-12)^[3]
	April 2018 Update	2018-04-30		17134	Enterprise			Unsupported (2021-05-11)^[4]
	October 2018 Update	2018-10-02		17763	Core			Unsupported (2020-11-10)^[3]
					Enterprise			Unsupported (2021-05-11)^[4]
					Core LTSC, Enterprise LTSC			Supported (2029-01-09)^[6]^[7]
	May 2019 Update	2019-08-29		18362	Enterprise			Unsupported (2020-12-08)^[4]
	November 2019 Update	2019-11-12		18363				Unsupported (2022-05-10)^[4]
	May 2020 Update	2020-05-27		19041				Unsupported (2021-12-14)^[4]
	October 2020 Update	2020-10-20		19042				Unsupported (2023-05-09)^[4]
	May 2021 Update	2021-05-18		19043				Unsupported (2022-12-13)^[4]
	November 2021 Update	2021-11-16		19044	Enterprise			Supported (2024-06-11)^[4]
	November 2021 Update	2021-11-16		19044	Enterprise LTSC			Supported (2032-01-13)^[8]
	2022 Update	2022-10-18		19045	Enterprise			Supported (2025-10-14)^[4]
Windows Server IoT 2019		2019-02-26^[9]	NT 10.0	17763	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup, Telecommunications	OEM	IoT, Server	Supported (2029-01-09)^[10]^[11]
Windows Server IoT 2022		2021-08-18^[12]^{[ better source needed ]}^{[ dubious – discuss ]}	NT 10.0	20348	Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup, Telecommunications	OEM	IoT, Server	Supported (2031-10-14)^[13]
Windows 11 IoT	Original Release	2021-10-04	NT 10.0	22000	Enterprise	OEM	IoT	Supported (2024-10-08)^[14]
	2022 Update	2022-09-20		22621				Supported (2025-10-14)^[15]
	2023 Update	2023-10-31		22631				Supported (2026-11-10)^[16]
Name		Release date	Version	RTM build	Editions	License	OS type	Status support

Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name	Release date	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)
Windows Pocket PC 2000	2000-04-19	Unsupported (2007-10-09)	Rapier	CE 3.0
Windows Pocket PC 2002	2001-10-04	Unsupported (2008-10-14)	Merlin	CE 3.0
Windows Mobile 2003	2003-06-23	Unsupported (2014-07-08)	Ozone	CE 4.20
Windows Mobile 5.0	2005-05-9/12	Unsupported (2015-10-13)	Magneto	CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0	2007-02-12	Unsupported (2013-01-08)	Crossbow	CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1	2008-04-01
Windows Mobile 6.5	2009-05-11

Windows Phone

Windows Phone is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name	Release date	RTM build	Current version	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)	Supported architectures
Windows Phone 7	2010-11-08	7004	7.10.8862	Unsupported	Photon	CE 6.0	ARM
Windows Phone 7.5	2011-09-27	7720		Unsupported	Mango	CE 6.1	ARM
Windows Phone 7.8	2013-02-01	8858		Unsupported (2014-10-14)	Tango	CE 6.1	ARM
Windows Phone 8	2012-10-29	10211	10.0.10586	Unsupported (2014-07-08)	Apollo, Portico	NT 6.2	ARM ^{[ citation needed ]}
Windows Phone 8.1	2014-04-14	12359		Unsupported (2017-07-11)	Blue	NT 6.3	ARM
Windows 10 Mobile	2015-11-08	10586–16299		Unsupported	Threshold, Redstone	NT 10.0	ARM

Technical information

DOS shells

Name	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	LFN support	Update management	APIs	Safe Mode
Windows 1.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 2.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 2.1x	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 3.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 3.1x	x86 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s)	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16, Win32s	No

Windows 9x

Name	Kernel	Kernel type	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	LFN support	Update management	APIs	DDIs	Safe Mode	DirectX
Windows 95	MS-DOS 7.0 (Win95, Win95A), MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B, Win95C)	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Partial (OSR 2.1/2.5 only)^[17]	Partial (OSR 2.x only)^[18]	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (USB-only), direct-access	Yes	N/A (RTM/OSR1) 2.0a (OSR2/2.1) 5.0 (OSR2.5) 8.0a (optional)
Windows 98	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	5.2 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows 98 Second Edition	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	6.1a 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows Me	MS-DOS 8.0	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	7.1 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)

It is possible to install the MS-DOS variants 7.0 and 7.1 without the graphics user interface of Windows. If an independent installation of both, DOS and Windows is desired, DOS ought to be installed prior to Windows, at the start of a small partition. The system must be transferred by the (dangerous) "SYSTEM" DOS-command, while the other files constituting DOS can simply be copied (the files located in the DOS-root and the entire COMMAND directory). Such a stand-alone installation of MS-DOS 8 is not possible, as it is designed to work as real mode for Windows Me and nothing else.

Windows NT

The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It has run on IA-32, x64, DEC Alpha, MIPS architecture, PowerPC, Itanium, ARMv7, and ARM64 processors, but currently supported versions run on IA-32, x64, ARMv7, and ARM64.

Name	Architecture	Store	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	Long filename support	Package management	Update management	APIs	DDIs	Safe Mode	Data Execution Prevention	DirectX
Windows NT 3.1	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (NTFS and HPFS volumes only)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 3.5	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (except on CDFS volumes)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 3.51	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (except on CDFS volumes)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 4.0	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	—	No	Yes	Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed)	Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	Yes 3.0a, 5.0 (unofficial)
Windows 2000	IA-32	—	No	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)^[19]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF	Yes	No	Yes 7.0, 9.0c (Feb 2010) (optional)
Windows XP	IA-32 (NT5.1), Itanium (NT5.1/5.2), x64 (NT5.2)	—	Yes	Yes (Professional Edition only)	Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)^[20]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes (in SP2)	Yes 9.0c
Windows Server 2003	IA-32, Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)^[21]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes (with SP1)	Yes 9.0c
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	IA-32	—	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 9.0c
Windows Vista	IA-32, x64	Windows Marketplace	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate)	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 10.1 11.0 (optional)
Windows Server 2008	IA-32, Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 10.1 11.0 (optional)
Windows Home Server	IA-32	—	?	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	?	Yes	—	Windows Update	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	?	?	Yes 9.0c
Windows 7	IA-32, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 R2	Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Home Server 2011	x64	—	?	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	?	Yes	—	Windows Update	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	?	?	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2012	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.1
Windows 8	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.1
Windows 8.1	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store, PowerShell	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.2
Windows Server 2012 R2	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.2
Windows 10	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store, PowerShell	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT, Linux	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 12
Windows Server 2016	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 12

Windows Phone

Name	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	Package management	APIs
Windows Phone 8	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Windows Phone Store	Silverlight
Windows Phone 8.1	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Phone Store	Silverlight WinRT
Windows 10 Mobile	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Microsoft Store	Silverlight WinRT

Supported file systems

Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including:FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical disc drives such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support exFAT, a file system more suitable for USB flash drives.

Windows 9x

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	UDF
Windows 95	Yes	Yes	Yes (OSR2 or above)	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	No
Windows 98	Yes	Yes	Yes	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	Yes (1.5, read)
Windows Me	Yes	Yes	Yes	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	Yes (1.5, read)

Windows NT

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	exFAT	UDF	ReFS
Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes v1.0/v1.1	No	?	No
Windows NT 4.0	Yes	Yes	No	Partial	Yes	Yes v1.2	No	?	No
Windows 2000	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.0	No	Yes	No
Windows XP	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.1	Optional	Yes (2.01)	No
Windows Server 2003	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.1	Optional	Yes	No
Windows Vista	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	No
Windows Server 2008	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 7	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2008 R2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2012	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows 8	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	No
Windows 8.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows 10	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes

Windows Phone

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	UDF (More Info)	ReFS
Windows Phone 8	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	No
Windows Phone 8.1	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	No
Windows 10 Mobile	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	?

Hardware requirements

Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive, or a USB flash drive. A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, an optical drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, such a drive must be DVD-compatible. The drive may be detached after installing Windows.

Windows 9x

	CPU	RAM	Free disk space
Windows 95	386	4 MB	120 MB
Windows 98	486 DX2 66 MHz	16 MB	300 MB
Windows Me (Millennium Edition)	Pentium 150 MHz	32 MB	400 MB

Windows NT

Version	CPU	RAM		Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Version	CPU	Minimum	Recommended	Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation	386, 25 MHz	8 MB	16 MB	90 MB	VGA (640x480)
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation	486, 33 MHz	12 MB	?	110 MB
Windows 2000 Professional	133 MHz	32 MB	128 MB	650 MB
Windows XP	233 MHz	64 MB	128 MB	1.5 GB	Super VGA (800x600)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	233 MHz	64 MB	128 MB	500 MB
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition	700 MHz Itanium ^[22]	1 GB^[22]	?	6 GB^[22]
Windows Server 2003	1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)	128 MB	256 MB	2 GB (x86) 4 GB (x64)
Windows Vista	800 MHz	384 MB (Starter) 512 MB (others)^[23]^{[ dubious – discuss ]}	2 GB	15 GB (~6.5 GB for OS)	Super VGA (800x600) WDDM & DirectX 9 for Aero
Windows Server 2008	1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)		2 GB	10 GB
Windows 7	1 GHz	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) (~6.5 GB for OS)
Windows Server 2012	1.4 GHz (x86-64)	512 MB	1 GB	10 GB	Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows 8	1 GHz	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) (~6.5 GB for OS)	Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color 1024 x 768 for Windows Store apps 1366 x 768 to snap apps
Windows 8.1	1 GHz	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) (~6.5 GB for OS)
Windows 10	1 GHz or faster processor or SoC	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64)	Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows Server 2016	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed^[24]	depends on role	32 GB (~10 GB for OS)	XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2019	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed^[24]	depends on role	32 GB	XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2022	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed^[25]	depends on role	32 GB	Super VGA (1024 x 768)
Windows 11	64-bit 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC with two or more cores	4 GB	—	64 GB (~10 GB for OS)	720p greater than 9" diagonally, 32-bit color

Windows Phone

Version	CPU	RAM		Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Version	CPU	Minimum	Recommended	Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Windows Phone 7	0.8 GHz	256 MB	—	4 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8	1 GHz	512 MB	—	8 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8.1	1 GHz	512 MB	—	4 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows 10 Mobile	1 GHz	1 GB	2 GB	8 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)

Physical memory limits

Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA-32 and x64 versions.^[26]^[27]

Windows

Operating system	Limit on Real Mode	Limit on Standard Mode	Limit on Enhanced Mode
Windows 1.0x	640 KB	—	—
Windows 2.0x	640 KB	—	16MB
Windows 2.1x	640 + 64 KB	—	16MB
Windows 3.0x	640 + 64 KB	16MB	16MB
Windows 3.1x	—	256MB^[28]	256MB^[28]
Windows 95	—	—	944MB^[29]
Windows 98	—	—	1GB
Windows ME	—	—	1.5GB

Windows NT

Operating system	Limit on IA-32	Limit in IA-64	Limit on x64	Limit on ARM32	Limit on ARM64
Windows NT 3.1	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 3.5	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 3.51	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 4.0	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Professional/Server	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Advanced Server	8 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Datacenter	32 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Starter	512 MB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Home	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Professional	4 GB	128 GB	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Web	2 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Standard/Small Business	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	512 GB	—	—	—
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003	—	32 GB	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Standard	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	1 TB	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Standard	4GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	2 TB	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Standard	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	—	1 TB	—	—
Windows Vista Starter	1 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Vista Home Basic	4 GB	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows Vista Home Premium	4 GB	—	16 GB	—	—
Windows Vista Business/Enterprise/Ultimate	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Home Server	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2008 Web Server/Standard/Small Business	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows HPC Server 2008	—	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	—	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium–Based Systems	—	2 TB	—	—	—
Windows 7 Starter	2 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 7 Home Basic	4 GB	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows 7 Home Premium	4 GB	—	16 GB	—	—
Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise/Ultimate	4 GB	—	192 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation	—	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server/Standard	—	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2	—	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter	—	—	2 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium–Based Systems	—	2 TB	—	—	—
Windows 8 (Core)	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows 8 Pro/Enterprise	4 GB	—	512 GB	—	—
Windows RT	—	—	—	4 GB	—
Windows Server 2012 Standard/Datacenter	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup	—	—	32 GB	—	—
Hyper-V Server 2012	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows 8.1 (Core)	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows 8.1 Pro/Enterprise	4 GB	—	512 GB	—	—
Windows RT 8.1	—	—	—	4 GB	—
Windows 10 Mobile	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 10 Home	4 GB	—	128 GB	4 GB	128 GB
Windows 10 Pro	4 GB	—	2 TB	4 GB	2 TB
Windows 10 Pro for Workstations	4 GB	—	6 TB	4 GB	6 TB
Windows 10 Education	4 GB	—	2 TB	4 GB	2 TB
Windows 10 Enterprise	4 GB	—	6 TB	4 GB	6 TB
Windows Server 2016 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2016 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows 11 Home	—	—	128 GB	—	128 GB
Windows 11 Pro	—	—	2 TB	—	2 TB
Windows 11 Pro for Workstations	—	—	6 TB	—	6 TB
Windows 11 Education	—	—	2 TB	—	2 TB
Windows 11 Enterprise	—	—	6 TB	—	6 TB

Security features

	Resource access control	Subsystem isolation mechanisms	Integrated firewall	Encrypted file systems	Defender	Windows Hello
Windows 2000	ACLs		TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes (NTFS only)	No	No
Windows XP	ACLs	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall (from SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes (NTFS only)	Optional	No
Windows Server 2003	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Optional	No
Windows Vista	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2008	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 7	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2012	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 8	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2012 R2	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 8.1	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 10	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	Yes
Windows Server 2016	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	Yes

Features

Version	Shell	Visual styles	Browser	Web server	Windows Media Player	Command-line interpreter
Windows 1.0	MS-DOS executive	(Unnamed)	—	—	—	—
Windows 2.0	MS-DOS executive	(Unnamed)	—	—	—	—
Windows 3.0	Program Manager	(Unnamed)	—	—	3.0 (Multimedia Extension edition only)	—
Windows 3.1x	Program Manager	(Unnamed)	—	—	3.1	—
Windows 95	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 1 in OEM RTM Internet Explorer 2 in OSR1 Internet Explorer 3 in OSR2 and OSR2.1 Internet Explorer 4 in OSR2.5	—	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows NT 4.0	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 2 Internet Explorer 3 (in some localized editions)	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows 98	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 4.01	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows 98 SE	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows 2000	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5.01	IIS 5.0	5.0 and 6.4 (side by side)	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows Me	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5.5	—	6.4 and 7.0 (side by side)	COMMAND.COM
Windows XP	Windows shell	Luna (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 6	IIS 5.1	5.1, 6.4 and 8 (in RTM) 5.1, 6.4 and 9 (in SP2)	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2003	Windows shell	Classic (default), Luna	Internet Explorer 6	IIS 6.0	9 (in RTM), 10 (in SP1)	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Vista	Windows shell	Aero (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 7	IIS 7	11	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2008	Windows shell, Server Core	Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience")	Internet Explorer 7	IIS 7	11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience")	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell (optional)
Windows 7	Windows shell	Aero (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 8	IIS 7.5	12	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2008 R2	Windows shell, Server Core	Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience")	Internet Explorer 8	IIS 7.5	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2012	Windows shell, Server Core	Metro	Internet Explorer 10	IIS 8	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 3.0
Windows 8	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 10	IIS 8	12	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell 3.0
Windows Server 2012 R2	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11	IIS 8.5	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 4.0
Windows 8.1	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 11	IIS 8.5	12	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell 4.0
Windows 10	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge	IIS 10.0	12	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell 5.0
Windows Server 2016	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge	IIS 10.0	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2019	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge	IIS 10.0	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2022	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge	IIS 10.0	12 (via "Desktop Experience")	cmd.exe, PowerShell 5.1
Windows 11	Windows shell	Mica	Internet Explorer 11(Hidden) Microsoft Edge	IIS 10.0	12 (2022)	COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, PowerShell v.1

Timeline

Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

Related Research Articles

Microsoft Windows was announced by Bill Gates on 10 November 1983, 2 years before it was first released. Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical user interface for MS-DOS, which had been introduced two years earlier. The product line evolved in the 1990s from an operating environment into a fully complete, modern operating system over two lines of development, each with their own separate codebase.

Internet Explorer is a retired series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft that were used in the Windows line of operating systems. While IE has been discontinued on most Windows editions, it remains supported on certain editions of Windows, such as Windows 10 LTSB/LTSC. Starting in 1995, it was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads or in-service packs and included in the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. Microsoft spent over US$100 million per year on Internet Explorer in the late 1990s, with over 1,000 people involved in the project by 1999. New feature development for the browser was discontinued in 2016 and ended support on June 15, 2022 for Windows 10 Semi-Annual Channel (SAC), in favor of its successor, Microsoft Edge.

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Windows Server 2003, codenamed "Whistler Server", is the second version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and was released to manufacturing on March 28, 2003 and generally available on April 24, 2003. Windows Server 2003 is the successor to the Server editions of Windows 2000 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005. Windows Server 2003 is based on Windows XP.

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1 2 3 "Release Notes for Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Setup". Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
↑ "Windows Vista Starter Fact Sheet". Microsoft. January 2007. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007.
1 2 "System Requirements". docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
↑ "Hardware requirements for Windows Server". docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
↑ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
↑ "Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases". Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
1 2 "Q84388: Windows 3.1 Memory Limits". December 15, 2022.
↑ "Windows 95/98 error "Insufficient memory to initialize Windows" - IBM IntelliStation M Pro (Type 6889)". IBM . December 15, 2022.

External links

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Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

Contents

General information

DOS shells

Windows 9x

Windows NT

Windows Embedded Compact

Windows IoT

Windows Mobile

Windows Phone

Technical information

DOS shells

Windows 9x

Windows NT

Windows Phone

Supported file systems

Windows 9x

Windows NT

Windows Phone

Hardware requirements

Windows 9x

Windows NT

Windows Phone

Physical memory limits

Windows

Windows NT

Security features

Features

Timeline

See also

Other lists

Windows clones and emulators

Related Research Articles

References

External links