List of Proton launches (1970–1979)

Last updated

This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1970 and 1979. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Contents

List of Proton launches
1965–1969  · 1970–1979  · 1980–1989  · 1990–1999  · 2000–2009  · 2010–2019  · 2020–2029

Launches

Date/Time (UTC)Configuration Serial number Launch padOutcome
PayloadSeparation orbitOperatorFunction
Remarks

1970

6 February 1970
04:16
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824247-01 Site 81/23 Failure
Luna E-8-5 #405 Highly elliptical (intended)Lunar sample return
First stage accidentally shut down T+128 seconds due to false alarm from pressure gauge.
18 August 1970
03:45
Proton-K 8K82K246-01Site 81/23Successful
82-EV Suborbital Test flight
Investigation into high failure rate of Proton launches
12 September 1970
13:35
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824248-01Site 81/23Successful
Luna 16 (Luna E-8-5 #406)Highly ellipticalLunar sample return
20 October 1970
19:55
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824250-01Site 81/23Successful
Zond 8 (Soyuz 7K-L1 #14)Highly ellipticalSpacecraft test
10 November 1970
14:44
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824251-01Site 81/23Successful
Luna 17 (Luna E-8 #203)Highly ellipticalLunar lander
Deployed Lunokhod 1 rover
2 December 1970
17:00
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824252-01Site 81/23Successful
Kosmos 382 (Soyuz 7K-L1E #2K) Medium Earth Test flight
Test of Block D upper stage [1]

1971

19 April 1971
01:40
Proton-K 8K82K254-01 Site 81/24 Successful
Salyut 1 (DOS-1) Low Earth Space station
First space station
10 May 1971
16:58
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824253-01Site 81/23Failure
Kosmos 419 (Mars-3MS #170)Heliocentric (intended)
Low Earth (achieved)
Mars orbiter
Upper stage failed to ignite as timer was programmed in years instead of hours.
19 May 1971
16:22
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824255-01Site 81/24Successful
Mars 2 (Mars-4M #171)HeliocentricMars probe
28 May 1971
15:26
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824249-01Site 81/23Successful
Mars 3 (Mars-4M #172)HeliocentricMars probe
2 September 1971
13:40
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824256-01Site 81/24Successful
Luna 18 (Luna E-8-5 #207)Highly ellipticalLunar sample return
Payload later failed
28 September 1971
10:00
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824257-01Site 81/24Successful
Luna 19 (Luna E-8LS #202)Highly ellipticalLunar orbiter

1972

14 February 1972
03:27
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824258-01Site 81/24Successful
Luna 20 (Luna E-8-5 #408)Highly ellipticalLunar sample return
29 July 1972
03:20
Proton-K 8K82K260-01Site 81/24Failure
DOS-2 Low Earth (intended)Space station
Second stage pitch control failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+180 seconds.

1973

8 January 1973
06:55
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824259-01Site 81/23Successful
Luna 21 (Luna E-8 #204)Highly ellipticalLunar lander
Deployed Lunokhod 2 rover
3 April 1973
09:00
Proton-K 8K82K283-01Site 81/23Successful
Salyut 2 (Almaz OPS-1)Low EarthSpace station
Payload later failed
11 May 1973
00:20
Proton-K 8K82K284-01Site 81/23Successful
Kosmos 557 (DOS-3)Low EarthSpace station
Payload later failed
21 July 1973
19:20
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824261-01Site 81/23Successful
Mars 4 (Mars-3MS #52S)HeliocentricMars orbiter
Payload later failed
25 July 1973
18:55
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824262-01Site 81/24Successful
Mars 5 (Mars-3MS #53S)HeliocentricMars orbiter
Payload later failed
5 August 1973
17:45
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824281-01Site 81/23Successful
Mars 6 (Mars-3MP #50P)HeliocentricMars probe
9 August 1973
17:00
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824281-02Site 81/24Successful
Mars 7 (Mars-3MP #51P)HeliocentricMars probe

1974

26 March 1974
13:35
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86282-01Site 81/23Successful
Kosmos 637 (Raduga GVM) Geosynchronous Test flight
First Proton launch with Block DM upper stage, first Soviet launch to geosynchronous orbit, boilerplate payload
29 May 1974
08:56
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824282-02Site 81/24Successful
Luna 22 (Luna E-8LS #206)Highly ellipticalLunar orbiter
24 June 1974
22:38
Proton-K 8K82K283-01Site 81/23Successful
Salyut 3 (Almaz OPS-2)Low EarthSpace station
29 July 1974
12:00
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86287-01Site 81/24Successful
Molniya-1S Geosynchronous Communications
28 October 1974
14:30
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824285-02Site 81/24Successful
Luna 23 (Luna E-8-5M #410)Highly ellipticalLunar sample return
Spacecraft later failed
26 December 1974
04:15
Proton-K 8K82K284-01Site 81/24Successful
Salyut 4 (DOS-4)Low EarthSpace station

1975

8 June 1975
02:38
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824286-01Site 81/24Successful
Venera 9 (Venera 4V-1 #660)HeliocentricVenus probe
14 June 1975
03:00
Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824285-02Site 81/24Successful
Venera 10 (Venera 4V-1 #661)HeliocentricVenus probe
8 October 1975
00:30
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86286-02Site 81/23Successful
Kosmos 775 (Prognoz)GeosynchronousMissile defence
Spacecraft later failed
16 October 1975, 04:04Proton-K/D 8K82K/11S824287-02Site 81/23Failure
Luna E-8-5M #412 Highly elliptical (intended)Lunar sample return
Final flight of Proton-K with Block D upper stage, upper stage malfunctioned
22 December 1975
13:00
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86288-01Site 81/24Successful
Gran' #11L (Raduga)GeosynchronousCommunications

1976

22 June 1976
18:04
Proton-K 8K82K290-02Site 81/23Successful
Salyut 5 (Almaz OPS-3)Low EarthSpace station
9 August 1976
15:04
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M288-02Site 81/23Successful
Luna 24 (Luna E-8-5M #413)Highly ellipticalLunar sample return
First flight of Proton-K with Block D-1 upper stage
11 September 1976
18:24
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86289-01Site 81/24Successful
Gran' #12L (Raduga)GeosynchronousCommunications
26 October 1976
14:50
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86290-01Site 81/24Successful
Ekran #11L GeosynchronousCommunications
15 December 1976
01:30
Proton-K 8K82K289-02Site 81/24Successful
Kosmos 881 (TKS VA #009A/1)Low EarthSpacecraft test
Kosmos 882 (TKS VA #009/1)Low EarthSpacecraft test

1977

17 July 1977
09:00
Proton-K 8K82K293-02Site 81/24Successful
Kosmos 929 (TKS #16101)Low EarthSpacecraft test
23 July 1977
21:15
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86291-01 Site 200/40 Successful
Gran' #13L GeosynchronousCommunications
First launch from Site 200
4 August 1977
22:00
Proton-K 8K82K293-01Site 81/24Failure
TKS VA #009A/P Low Earth (intended)Spacecraft test
TKS VA #009/P Low Earth (intended)Spacecraft test
First stage thrust vectoring failure. Automatic shutdown commanded T+53 seconds. Upper spacecraft ejected by launch escape system
20 September 1977
17:28
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86291-02Site 200/40Successful
Ekran #12L GeosynchronousCommunications
29 September 1977
06:50
Proton-K 8K82K295-01Site 81/24Successful
Salyut 6 (DOS-5)Low EarthSpace station
Last launch of State Trials

1978

30 March 1978
00:00
Proton-K 8K82K292-01Site 81/24Successful
Kosmos 997 (TKS VA #009A/P2)Low EarthSpacecraft test
Kosmos 998 (TKS VA #009P/2)Low EarthSpacecraft test
27 May 1978
01:25
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86294-02Site 200/40Failure
Ekran #13L GeosynchronousCommunications
First stage thrust vectoring malfunction starting at T+87 seconds. Automatic cutoff T+119 seconds.
18 July 1978
21:59
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86292-02Site 200/40Successful
Gran' #14L (Raduga)GeosynchronousCommunications
17 August 1978
20:02
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86297-02Site 200/40Failure
Ekran #15L GeosynchronousCommunications
Second stage control failure caused by hot gas leak. Automatic shutdown commanded T+252 seconds.
9 September 1978
03:25
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M296-01Site 81/23Successful
Venera 11 (Venera 4V-1 #360)HeliocentricVenus probe
14 September 1978
02:25
Proton-K/D-1 8K82K/11S824M296-02Site 81/24Successful
Venera 12 (Venera 4V-1 #361)HeliocentricVenus probe
17 October 1978
16:04
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86298-01Site 200/40Failure
Ekran #14L GeosynchronousCommunications
Second stage engine failure T+236 seconds due to ingestion of debris into the turbopumps
19 December 1978, 12:15Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86295-02Site 200/40Partial failure
Gorizont #11L Geosynchronous (planned)
Medium Earth (achieved)
Communications
Upper stage malfunctioned, leaving satellite in wrong orbit. Spacecraft was able to correct its orbit, at the expense of onboard fuel.

1979

21 February 1979
07:49
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86294-01Site 200/40Successful
Ekran #16L GeosynchronousCommunications
25 April 1979
03:44
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86298-02Site 200/40Successful
Gran' #15L (Raduga)GeosynchronousCommunications
22 May 1979
23:00
Proton-K 8K82K200-02Site 81/24Successful
Kosmos 1100 (TKS VA #0102A)Low EarthSpacecraft test
Kosmos 1101 (TKS VA #0102)Low EarthSpacecraft test
Planned to be a crewed launch, converted to an uncrewed test due to failures on previous missions. Rocket reused after an abort after ignition on 20 April, during attempted launch of two other TKS spacecraft. [2]
5 July 1979
23:19
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86299-01Site 200/40Successful
Gorizont #12L GeosynchronousCommunications
3 October 1979
17:12
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86302-02Site 200/40Successful
Ekran #17L GeosynchronousCommunications
28 December 1979
11:51
Proton-K/DM 8K82K/11S86303-01Site 200/40Successful
Gorizont #13L GeosynchronousCommunications

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References

  1. Wade, Mark. "Soyuz 7K-L1E". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  2. Wade, Mark. "Cosmos 1100". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on April 15, 2002. Retrieved 26 April 2010.