This is a list of mythological characters who appear in narratives concerning the Trojan War .
Greek armies* | Trojan armies** | |
---|---|---|
Abantes of Euboea | Magnesia | Amazons |
Aetolia | Meliboea | Adrasteia |
Argos | Minyans | Caria |
Athens | Mycenae | Chalybes (Halizones) |
Boebe (Thessaly) | Myrmidones | Colonae |
Boeotia | Oechalia | Cicones |
Calydnian Islands | Ormenius | Dardania |
Carpathos | Pherae | Æthiopia |
Corinth | Phocis | Lycia |
Crete | Phylacia | Maeonia |
Cos | Pylos | Mysia |
Dulichium | Rhodes | Paionia |
Elis | Salamis | Paphlagonia |
Elone (Thessaly) | Sicyon | Pelasgians |
Enienes | Sparta | Percote |
Iolcus (Thessaly) | Syme | Phrygia |
Ithaca | Tiryns | Thrace |
Ithome | Tricca | Troy |
Locris | Zeleia |
* See Catalogue of Ships
** See Trojan Battle Order
This table lists characters killed during the war, and who was responsible for their deaths. Legend: survivors of the war = (✓), unknown fate = (?) and unknown killer or unexplained cause of death = (†)
ACHAEANS | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaders | Killers | Leaders | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers |
Achilles | Paris | Nestor | ✓ | Acamas | ✓ | Cleolaus | Paris | Eurymedon | ? | Noemon | ? |
Adrastus | ? | Nireus | Eurypylus | Aesymnus | Hector | Cleon | Polydamas | Evenor | Paris | Odius | ? |
Agamemnon | ✓ | Odysseus | ✓ | Agelaus | Hector | Coeranus | Hector | Halaesus | ✓ | Oenomaus | Hector and Ares |
Agapenor | ✓ | Patroclus | Hector | Alastor | ? | Crethon | Aeneas | Hippasus | Agenor | Opheltius | Hector |
Ajax the Great | suicide | Peneleos | Eurypylus | Alcimedes | ? | Deileon | Aeneas | Hippomenes | Agenor | Opites | Hector |
Ajax the Lesser | ✓ | Pheidippus | ✓ | Alcimedon | Aeneas | Deiochus | Paris | Hipponous | Hector | Oresbius | Hector and Ares |
Amarynceus | ? | Philoctetes | ✓ | Alcimus | Deiphobus | Deipyrus | Helenus | Hyllus | Aeneas | Orestes | Hector and Ares |
Amphimachus | Hector | Phocus | ? | Alcmaon | Sarpedon | Demoleon | Paris | Hypsenor | Deiphobus | Orsilochus | Aeneas |
Antilochus | Hector or Memnon | Phoenix | ✓ | Amphidamas | ✓ | Demoleus | Aeneas | Iasus | Aeneas | Orus | Aeneas |
Antiphus | ✓ | Podalirius | ✓ | Amphilochus | Apollo | Demophon | ✓ | Iphidamas | ✓ | Otus | Polydamas |
Arcesilaus | Hector | Podarces | ✓ or Penthesilea | Amphilochus | ✓ | Dolops | Hector | Iphinous | Glaucus | Palamedes | Odysseus and Diomedes |
Ascalaphus | Deiphobus | Polypoetes | ✓ | Amphimachus | ✓ | Dracius | ? | Laogonus | Derinoe | Pandion | ? |
Automedon | ✓ | Polyxenus | ✓ | Amphion | ✓ | Dryas | Aeneas | Liocritus | Aeneas | Periphas | Ares |
Calchas | ✓ | Protesilaus | Hector, Aeneas, Euphorbas,Achates,or Cycnus | Anchialus | Hector | Dymas | Deiphobus | Lernus | Penthesilea | Periphetes | Hector |
Clonius | Agenor | Prothoenor | Polydamas | Andromachus | Aeneas | Echemmon | Eurypylus | Leucus | Antiphus | Persinous | Penthesilea |
Cyanippus | ✓ | Prothous | ✓ | Anticlus | Odysseus | Echion | † | Lycomedes | ? | Pheidas | ? |
Diaphorus | ? | Schedius | Hector | Antimachus | Aeneas | Echius | Polites | Lycon | Deiphobus | Pheres | Aeneas |
Diomedes | ✓ | Sthenelus | ✓ | Antiphates | ✓ | Eetion | Paris | Lycophron | Hector | Phereus | ? |
Diores | Peiros | Talthybius | ✓ | Antiphus | ✓ | Eilissus | Penthesilea | Mecisteus | Polydamas | Pheron | Memnon |
Elephenor | Agenor | Teucer | ✓ | Antiphus | Eurypylus | Eioneus | Hector | Melanippus | ? | Phorcys | Paris |
Epistrophus | Hector | Thalpius | ✓ | Antitheus | Penthesilea | Elasippus | Hector | Melanthius | ? | Pisander | ? |
Eumelus | ✓ | Thoas | ✓ | Aphareus | Aeneas | Epeius | ✓ | Menesthes | Hector | Promachus | Acamas |
Idomeneus | ✓ | Thrasymedes | ✓ | Aristolochus | Aeneas | Epigeus | Hector | Menesthius | ? | Sinon | ? |
Leitus | ✓ | Tlepolemus | Sarpedon | Asaeus | Hector | Epipole | Palamades | Menesthius | Paris | Stentor | ? |
Leonteus | ✓ | Autonous | Hector | Ereuthus | Memnon | Menippus | Clonie | Stichius | Hector | ||
Machaon | Eurypylus | Bathycles | Glaucus | Eteoneus | ✓ | Menoetius | Eurypylus | Teuthras | Hector and Ares | ||
Medon | Aeneas | Bias | ? | Euchenor | Paris | Molion | Penthesilea | Thersander | ✓ or Telephus | ||
Meges | ✓ or † | Bremon | Aeneas | Eudorus | ? | Molus | Agenor | Thersites | Achilles | ||
Menelaus | ✓ | Bucolion | Eurypylus | Eurydamas | Pelias | Mopsus | ✓ | Thootes | ? | ||
Menestheus | ✓ | Canopus | ✓ | Eurymachus | Polydamas | Mosynus | Paris | Toxaechmes | Aeneas | ||
Meriones | ✓ | Chromius | Eurypylus | Eurymachus | ✓ | Nesus | Eurypylus | Trechus | Hector and Ares | ||
Neoptolemus | ✓ | Cleodorus | Paris |
TROJANS | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaders | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers | Soldiers | Killers |
Acamas | Ajax the Greater | Abas | Diomedes | Dolops | Menelaus | Lyncus | Thoas | Pronous | Patroclus |
Adrestus | Diomedes | Abas | Sthenelus | Doryclus | Ajax the Greater | Lysander | Ajax the Greater | Proteus | Odysseus |
Aeneas | ✓ | Ablerus | Antilochus | Dresaeus | Polypoetes | Maenalus | Odysseus | Prothoon | Ajax the Greater |
Amphimachus | Achilles | Adamas | Meriones | Dresus | Euryalus | Maris | Thrasymedes | Prytanis | Odysseus |
Amphius | Diomedes | Admetus | Philoctetes | Dryops | Achilles | Medon | Philoctetes | Pylartes | Patroclus |
Antiphus | ? | Adrastus | Patroclus | Dymas | † | Meilanion | Antiphus | Pylartes | Ajax the Greater |
Archilochus | Ajax the Greater | Aenius | Achilles | Echeclus | Achilles | Melaneus | Neoptolemus | Pylon | Polypoetes |
Ascanius | ? | Aenus | Odysseus | Echeclus | Patroclus | Melanippus | Antilochus | Pyrasus | Ajax the Greater |
Asius | Meriones | Aesepus | Euryalus | Echemmon | Diomedes | Melanippus | Patroclus | Pyris | Patroclus |
Chromius | Odysseus | Aethicus | ? | Echepolus | Antilochus | Melanippus | Teucer | Rhipeus | † |
Ennomus | Odysseus | Aganippus | Ajax the Greater | Echius | Patroclus | Melanthius | Eurypylus | Rhigmus | Achilles |
Epistrophus | Achilles | Agastrophus | Diomedes | Eioneus | Neoptolemus | Meles | Euryalus | Satnius | Ajax the Lesser |
Euphemus | ? | Agelaus | Diomedes | Elasus | Patroclus | Melius | Agamemnon | Scamandrius | Menelaus |
Eurypylus | Neoptolemus | Agelaus | Meges | Elatus | Agamemnon | Menalcas | Neoptolemus | Schedius | Neoptolemus |
Glaucus | Ajax the Greater | Agelaus | Ajax the Greater | Eniopeus | Diomedes | Meneclus | Nestor | Scylaceus | ✓ |
Hector | Achilles | Agenor | Neoptolemus | Ennomus | Neoptolemus | Menes | Neoptolemus | Simoisius | Ajax the Greater |
Hippothous | Ajax the Greater | Agestratus | Ajax the Greater | Enyeus | Ajax the Greater | Menoetes | Teucer | Socus | Odysseus |
Memnon | Achilles | Alastor | Odysseus | Epaltes | Patroclus | Menoetes | Achilles | Sthenelaus | Patroclus |
Mesthles | ? | Alcaeus | Meges | Epaltes | Patroclus | Menon | Leonteus | Stratus | Agamemnon |
Nastes | Achilles | Alcander | Odysseus | Epicles | Ajax the Greater | Menon | Diomedes | Thalius | Achilles |
Odius | Agamemnon | Alcathous | Idomeneus | Epistor | Patroclus | Mentes | Achilles | Thersilochus | Achilles |
Pandarus | Diomedes | Alcidamas | Neoptolemus | Epistrophus | Achilles | Mermerus | Antilochus | Thestor | Patroclus |
Peirous | Thoas | Alcon | Odysseus | Epytus | † | Mimas | Idomeneus | Thestor | Ajax the Greater |
Penthesilea | Achilles | Alcyoneus | Memnon | Erylaus | Patroclus | Mnesaeus | Neoptolemus | Thoas | Menelaus |
Phorcys | Ajax the Greater | Alexippus | Memnon | Erymas | Idomeneus | Mnesus | Achilles | Thoon | Diomedes |
Pylaemenes | Menelaus | Amopaon | Teucer | Erymas | Patroclus | Molion | Odysseus | Thoon | Antilochus |
Pylaeus | † | Amphiclus | Meges | Eubius | Neoptolemus | Morys | Neoptolemus | Thoon | Odysseus |
Pyraechmes | Patroclus | Amphimedon | Ajax the Lesser | Eumaeus | Diomedes | Morys | Meriones | Thrasius | Achilles |
Rhesus | Odysseus and Diomedes | Amphinous | Neoptolemus | Euphorbus | Menelaus | Mulius | Achilles | Thrasymelus | Patroclus |
Sarpedon | Patroclus | Amphinous | Diomedes | Eurycoon | Diomedes | Mulius | Patroclus | Thymbraeus | Diomedes |
Amphius | Ajax the Greater | Eurydamas | Diomedes | Mydon | Achilles | Tlepolemus | Patroclus | ||
Amazons | Killers | Amphoterus | Patroclus | Eurymenes | Meges | Mydon | Antilochus | Troilus | Achilles |
Ainia | Diomedes | Antiphates | Leonteus | Eurynomus | Ajax the Greater | Mygdon | ? | Tros | Achilles |
Alcibie | † | Antiphus | Agamemnon | Eurytion | ✓ | Mynes | Achilles | Xanthus | Diomedes |
Anchimache | † | Apisaon | Eurypylus | Evenor | Neoptolemus | Nessus | Ajax the Greater | Zechis | Teucer |
Andro | † | Archeptolemus | Teucer | Evippus | Patroclus | Nirus | Neoptolemus | Zorus | Ajax the Greater |
Androdaïxa | † | Archilochus | Menelaus | Galenus | Neoptolemus | Noemon | Odysseus | ||
Andromache | † | Areilycus | Patroclus | Gavius | Ajax the Lesser | Nychius | ? | Other Residents | Killers |
Antandre | Achilles | Areithous | Achilles | Glaucus | Odysseus | Ocythous | Ajax the Greater | Aesyetes | ✓ |
Antianeira | † | Aretaon | Teucer | Gorgythion | Ajax the Lesser | Oenomaus | Idomeneus | Antenor | ✓ |
Antibrote | Achilles | Aretus | Automedon | Halius | Odysseus | Oenops | Neoptolemus | Antimachus | ? |
Aspidocharme | † | Asteropaios | Achilles | Harmon | Neoptolemus | Oileus | Agamemnon | Antiphantes | Poseidon |
Bremusa | Idomeneus | Astyalus | Polypoetes | Harpalion | Meriones | Ophelestes | Achilles | Beroe | ✓ |
Chalcaor | † | Astynous | Diomedes | Helenus | ✓ | Opheltius | Euryalus | Briseus | ? |
Clete | ✓ | Astypylus | Achilles | Helicaon | ✓ | Orestes | Leonteus | Chaon | ✓ |
Clonie | Podarces | Atymnius | Antilochus | Hellus | Eurypylus | Ormenus | Teucer | Chloreus | ✓ |
Cnemis | † | Autonous | Patroclus | Hippocoon | ? | Orsilochus | Teucer | Chryses | ✓ |
Derimacheia | Diomedes | Axion | Eurypylus | Hippodamas | Achilles | Orthaeus | ? | Dares | ✓ |
Derinoe | Ajax the Lesser | Axylus | Diomedes | Hippodamus | Odysseus | Orythaon | Achilles | Diores | ✓ |
Enchesimargos | † | Bienor | Agamemnon | Hippolochus | Agamemnon | Othryoneus | Idomeneus | Elymus | ✓ |
Eurylophe | † | Cabeirus | Sthenelus | Hipponous | Achilles | Palmys | ? | Eumedes | ✓ |
Evandre | Meriones | Calesius | Diomedes | Hippotion | Meriones | Pammon | Neoptolemus | Eurydamas | ? |
Gortyessa | † | Caletor | Ajax the Greater | Hippomachus | Leonteus | Pandocus | Ajax the Greater | Ilioneus | Diomedes |
Harmothoe | Achilles | Cebriones | Patroclus | Hippomedon (2) | Neoptolemus | Panthous | † | Laocoon | Athena or Poseidon |
Hecate | † | Cebrus | Neoptolemus | Hyllus | Ajax the Greater | Pasitheus | Neoptolemus | Meges | ? |
Helene | Achilles | Celtus | Neoptolemus | Hypanis | † | Pedaeus | Meges | Phorbas | ? |
Hippothoe | Achilles | Cestrus | Neoptolemus | Hypeirochus | Odysseus | Pedasus | Euryalus | Phrontis | ? |
Iodoce | † | Charops | Odysseus | Hypeiron | Diomedes | Peirasus | Philoctetes | Pyrgo | ✓ |
Ioxeia | † | Chersidamas | Odysseus | Hyperenor | Menelaus | Peiros | Thoas | Tenes | Achilles |
Oïstrophe | † | Chlemus | Meriones | Hypsenor | Eurypylus | Pelagon | ? | Theano | ✓ |
Pharetre | † | Chromius | Diomedes | Hyrtius | Ajax the Greater | Pelias | wounded by Odysseus | Tisiphone | ? |
Polemusa | Achilles | Cleobulus | Ajax the Lesser | Hysminus | Neoptolemus | Perilaus | Neoptolemus | Ucalegon | † |
Thermodosa | Meriones | Clitus | Podalirius | Iamenus | Leonteus | Perimedes | Neoptolemus | ||
Thorece | † | Clydon | ? | Iapyx | ✓ | Perimus | Patroclus | Royal Family | Killers |
Toxoanassa | † | Coeranus | Odysseus | Idaeus | ✓ | Periphetes | Teucer | Agathon | ✓ |
Toxophone | † | Coon | Agamemnon | Ilioneus | Peneleus | Phaenops | ? | Anchises | ✓ |
Coroebus | Neoptolemus, Diomedes or Peneleus | Imbrasius | Neoptolemus | Phaestus | Idomeneus | Andromache | ✓ | ||
Corythus | † or Paris | Imbrius | Teucer | Phalces | Antilochus | Antiphonus | Neoptolemus | ||
Croesmus | Meges | Ipheus | Patroclus | Phalerus | Neoptolemus | Aristomache | ? | ||
Cycnus | Achilles | Iphidamas | Agamemnon | Phasis | Neoptolemus | Astyanax | Neoptolemus or Odysseus | ||
Daetes | ? | Iphition | Neoptolemus | Phegeus | Diomedes | Astyoche | ✓ | ||
Daetor | Teucer | Iphition | Achilles | Phereclus | Meriones | Cassandra | ✓ | ||
Damasus | Polypoetes | Isus | Agamemnon | Phleges | Neoptolemus | Clytius | ? | ||
Dardanus | Achilles | Itymoneus | Meges | Phylacus | Leitus | Creusa | † | ||
Deicoon | Agamemnon | Lamus | Thoas | Phylodamas | Meriones | Hecuba | ✓ | ||
Deiochus | Ajax the Greater | Laodamas | Neoptolemus | Pidytes | Odysseus | Hicetaon | ? | ||
Deioneus | Philoctetes | Laodamas | Ajax the Greater | Pisander | Agamemnon | Hippodamia | ? | ||
Deiophontes | Teucer | Laodocus | ? | Podes | Menelaus | Lampus | ? | ||
Deiopites | Meges | Laogonus | Meriones | Polites | Neoptolemus | Laodice | ✓ or † | ||
Deiphobus | Menelaus | Laogonus | Achilles | Polybus | Neoptolemus | Medesicaste | ✓ | ||
Deisenor | ? | Laomedon | Thrasymedes | Polydamas | ? | Mestor | Achilles | ||
Democoon | Odysseus | Laophoon | Meriones | Polydorus | Odysseus | Paris | Philoctetes | ||
Demoleon | Achilles | Lassus | Podalirius | Polydorus | Achilles or Polymestor | Polyxena | Neoptolemus | ||
Demuchus | Achilles | Leocritus | Odysseus | Polyidus | Diomedes | Priam | Neoptolemus | ||
Deucalion | Achilles | Lycaon | Achilles | Polymelus | Patroclus | Thymoetes | ? | ||
Dolon | Odysseus and Diomedes | Lycon | Meriones | Polymnius | Meges | ||||
Dolops | Menelaus | Lycophontes | Teucer | Polyphetes | ? |
In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus was a hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors, and the central character of Homer's Iliad. He was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia.
In Greek mythology, Agamemnon was a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War. He was the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra, Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis. Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area. Agamemnon was killed upon his return from Troy, either by his wife's lover Aegisthus or by his wife herself.
Ajax or Aias is a Greek mythological hero, the son of King Telamon and Periboea, and the half-brother of Teucer. He plays an important role, and is portrayed as a towering figure and a warrior of great courage in Homer's Iliad and in the Epic Cycle, a series of epic poems about the Trojan War, being second only to Achilles among Greek heroes of the war. He is also referred to as "Telamonian Ajax", "Greater Ajax", or "Ajax the Great", which distinguishes him from Ajax, son of Oileus, also known as Ajax the Lesser.
In Greek mythology, Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy during the Trojan war. Hector led the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing countless Greek warriors. He was ultimately killed in single combat by Achilles, who later dragged his dead body around the city of Troy behind his chariot.
Odysseus, also known by the Latin variant Ulysses, is a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in that same epic cycle.
In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer's Iliad. The core of the Iliad describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war's heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems, which have survived through fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid.
The Aeneid is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter. The first six of the poem's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas' wanderings from Troy to Italy, and the poem's second half tells of the Trojans' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins, under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed.
The Trojan Horse was a wooden horse said to have been used by the Greeks during the Trojan War to enter the city of Troy and win the war. The Trojan Horse is not mentioned in Homer's Iliad, with the poem ending before the war is concluded, and it is only briefly mentioned in the Odyssey. But in the Aeneid by Virgil, after a fruitless 10-year siege, the Greeks constructed a huge wooden horse at the behest of Odysseus, and hid a select force of men inside, including Odysseus himself. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night, the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under cover of darkness. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city, ending the war.
Penthesilea was an Amazonian queen in Greek mythology, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe. She assisted Troy in the Trojan War, during which she was killed by Achilles. The asteroid 271 Penthesilea, discovered in 1887, was named in her honor.
Calchas is an Argive mantis, or "seer," dated to the Age of Legend, which is an aspect of Greek mythology. Calchas appears in the opening scenes of the Iliad, which is believed to have been based on a war conducted by the Achaeans against the powerful city of Troy in the Late Bronze Age.
Diomedes or Diomede is a hero in Greek mythology, known for his participation in the Trojan War.
The Aethiopis, also spelled Aithiopis, is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Epic Cycle, that is, the Trojan cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the Aethiopis comes chronologically immediately after that of the Homeric Iliad, and is followed by that of the Little Iliad. The Aethiopis was sometimes attributed by ancient writers to Arctinus of Miletus. The poem comprised five books of verse in dactylic hexameter.
The Cypria is a lost epic poem of ancient Greek literature, which has been attributed to Stasinus and was quite well known in classical antiquity and fixed in a received text, but which subsequently was lost to view. It was part of the Epic Cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic hexameter verse. The story of the Cypria comes chronologically at the beginning of the Epic Cycle, and is followed by that of the Iliad; the composition of the two was apparently in the reverse order. The poem comprised eleven books of verse in epic dactylic hexameters.
In Greek mythology, Thoas ,") a king of Aetolia, was the son of Andraemon and Gorge, and one of the heroes who fought for the Greeks in the Trojan War. Thoas had a son Haemon, and an unnamed daughter.
The extent of the historical basis of the Homeric epics, the Iliad and Odyssey, has been a topic of scholarly debate for centuries. While researchers of the 18th century had largely rejected the story of the Trojan War as fable, the discoveries made by Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik reopened the question in modern terms, and the subsequent excavation of Troy VIIa and the discovery of the toponym "Wilusa" in Hittite correspondence has made it plausible that the Trojan War cycle was at least remotely based on a historical conflict of the 12th century BC, even if the poems of Homer are removed from the event by more than four centuries of oral tradition.
The Posthomerica is an epic poem in Greek hexameter verse by Quintus of Smyrna. Probably written in the 3rd century AD, it tells the story of the Trojan War, between the death of Hector and the fall of Ilium.
The Trojan Battle Order or Trojan Catalogue is an epic catalogue in the second book of the Iliad listing the allied contingents that fought for Troy in the Trojan War. The catalogue is noted for its deficit of detail compared to the immediately preceding Catalogue of Ships, which lists the Greek contingents, and for the fact that only a few of the many Trojans mentioned in the Iliad appear there.
The Tabulae Iliacae are a collection of 22 stone plaques (pinakes), mostly of marble, with reliefs depicting scenes from Greek epic poetry, especially of the Iliad and the Trojan War. They are all of early Imperial Roman date, and seem to have come from two Roman workshops, one of which seems to have been designed to satisfy a clientele of more modest aspirations.
The Iliad is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the Odyssey, the poem is divided into 24 books and contains 15,693 lines in its most widely accepted version, and was written in dactylic hexameter. Set towards the end of the Trojan War, a ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Mycenaean Greek states, the poem depicts significant events in the siege's final weeks. In particular, it depicts a fierce quarrel between King Agamemnon and a celebrated warrior, Achilles. It is a central part of the Epic Cycle. The Iliad is often regarded as the first substantial piece of European literature.