List of amphibians of Europe

This is a list of amphibians of Europe. It includes all amphibians currently found in Europe. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this, nor does it currently include species introduced in recent decades. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited.

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the wild

CR - Critically endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable

NT - Near threatened, LC - Least concern

DD - Data deficient, NE - Not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014 ^[1] )

Salamanders

Family: Salamandridae (true salamanders and newts)

• Fire salamander, Salamandra salamandraLC
• Penibetic salamander, Salamandra longirostris (Spain) ^[2]
• Corsican fire salamander, Salamandra corsicaLC (Corsica)
• Alpine salamander, Salamandra atraLC (France, the Alps, and Balkans)
• Lanza's alpine salamander, Salamandra lanzaiVU
• Karpathos salamander, Lyciasalamandra helverseniVU (three Greek islands near Crete)
• Luschan's salamander, Lyciasalamandra luschaniVU (Greek island of Kastellorizo)
• Gold-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanicaVU (Spain and Portugal)
• Spectacled salamander, Salamandrina terdigitataLC (Italy) and: ^{[n 1]}

• Salamandrina perspicillata LC (formerly in Salamandrina terdigitata , Italy)

• Iberian ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltlNT (Iberian Peninsula, Morocco)
• Pyrenean brook salamander, Calotriton asperNT (Pyrenees)
• Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldiCR (Spain)
• Corsican brook salamander, Euproctus montanusLC (Corsica)
• Sardinian brook salamander, Euproctus platycephalusEN (Sardinia)
• Northern crested newt, Triturus cristatusLC
• Marbled newt, Triturus marmoratusLC (Spain, Portugal and France)
• Southern marbled newt, Triturus pygmaeusNT (Spain and Portugal)
• Italian crested newt, Triturus carnifexLC
• Southern crested newt, Triturus kareliniiLC
• Balkan crested newt, Triturus ivanbureschi (Balkans, Turkey) ^[2]
• Macedonian crested newt, Triturus macedonicus (Balkans, Turkey) ^[2]
• Danube crested newt, Triturus dobrogicusNT
• Banded newt, Ommatotriton ophryticus (Caucasus, Turkey) ^{[2] [3]} NT
• Alpine newt, Ichthyosaura alpestris and: ^{[n 1]}

• Ichthyosaura apuana (Italy, France) ^[4]
• Ichthyosaura reiseri (Balkans, Romania) ^[4]
• Ichthyosaura veluchiensis (Balkans) ^[4]

• Carpathian newt, Lissotriton montandoniLC (Carpathians)
• Smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgarisLC and: ^{[n 1]}

• Greek smooth newt, Lissotriton graecus (Balkans) ^[2]
• Smooth newt, Lissotriton meridionalis (Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia) ^[2]
• Schmidtler's smooth newt, Lissotriton schmidtleri (Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria) ^{[5] [6]}
• Caucasian smooth newt, Lissotriton lantzi (Caucasus) ^{[2] [7]}

• Bosca's newt, Lissotriton boscai (Portugal) ^[2] LC
• Palmate newt, Lissotriton helveticusLC
• Italian newt, Lissotriton italicusLC

Family: Hynobiidae (Asiatic salamanders)

• Siberian salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingiiLC (Russia)

Family: Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders)

• Cave salamander, Speleomantes strinatiiNT (France)
• Brown cave salamander, Hydromantes geneiVU (France and Italy)
• Italian cave salamander, Speleomantes italicusNT (Italy)
• Ambrosi's cave salamander, Speleomantes ambrosiiNT (Italy)
• Monte Albo cave salamander, Speleomantes flavusVU (Sardinia)
• Imperial cave salamander, Speleomantes imperialisNT (Sardinia) and: ^{[n 1]}

• Speleomantes sarrabusensis VU (formerly in Speleomantes imperialis , Sardinia)

• Supramonte cave salamander, Speleomantes supramontisEN (Sardinia)

Family: Proteidae (waterdogs and mudpuppies)

• Olm, Proteus anguinusVU (Dinaric Alps)

Frogs and toads

Family: Bombinatoridae (fire-bellied toads)

• European fire-bellied toad, Bombina bombinaLC
• Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Bombina pachypusEN
• Yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegataLC

Family: Discoglossidae (disc-tongued frogs)

• Iberian painted frog, Discoglossus galganoiLC
• Spanish painted frog, Discoglossus jeanneaeNT
• Corsican painted frog, Discoglossus montalentiiNT
• Painted frog, Discoglossus pictusLC (Sicily and Malta)
• Tyrrhenian painted frog, Discoglossus sardusLC
• Midwife toad, Alytes obstetricansLC and: ^{[n 1]}

• Catalonian midwife toad, Alytes (obstetricans) almogavarii (Spain) ^{[5] [6]}

• Iberian midwife toad, Alytes cisternasiiNT
• Betic midwife toad, Alytes dickhilleniVU (Spain)
• Majorcan midwife toad, Alytes muletensisVU (Majorca)

Family: Pipidae

• African clawed frog, Xenopus laevisLC (introduced)

Family: Pelobatidae (European spadefoot toads)

• Eastern spadefoot, Pelobates syriacusLC (south-eastern Europe) and: ^{[n 1]}

• Balkan spadefoot, Pelobates balcanicus (southern Europe) ^{[5] [6]}

• Western spadefoot, Pelobates cultripesNT
• Common spadefoot, Pelobates fuscusLC and: ^{[n 1]}

• Pallas' spadefoot toad, Pelobates vespertinus (Ukraine to Kazakhstan) ^{[5] [6]}

• Common parsley frog, Pelodytes punctatusLC
• Iberian parsley frog, Pelodytes ibericusLC (Iberian Peninsula)
• Lusitanian parsley frog, Pelodytes atlanticusLC (Portugal) ^[2]
• Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicusNT (Caucasus region, Turkey)
• Hesperides' parsley frog, Pelodytes hespericus (Spain) ^[2]

Family: Bufonidae (true toads)

• Common toad, Bufo bufoLC
• Giant toad, Bufo spinosus (Iberian Peninsula, France, Jersey) ^[2]
• Caucasian toad, Bufo verrucosissimusNT (Caucasus, Turkey, Iran) ^{[2] [8]}
• Natterjack toad, Bufo calamitaLC
• Berber toad, Bufo mauritanicusLC (Spain - introduced)
• Former Bufo viridis group: ^[4]

• European green toad, Bufotes viridisLC (in the past Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis, most of Europe) and: ^{[n 1] [4]}
• Variable green toad, Bufotes sitibundus (Caucasus region, Russia, Kazakhstan) ^{[5] [6]}
• Balearic green toad, Bufotes balearicusLC (Italy, Mediterranean islands)
• Varying toad, Bufotes variabilisDD (currently not recognized, ^{[5] [6]} northern Europe, Greece, Caucasus region)
• African green toad, Bufotes boulengeriLC (Lampedusa) and: ^{[n 1]}

• Sicilian green toad, Bufotes (boulengeri) siculusLC (Sicilia, Favignana and Ustica)

• Cyprus green toad, Bufotes cypriensis (Cyprus) ^{[5] [6]}

Family: Hylidae (tree frogs and their allies)

• Common tree frog, Hyla arboreaLC
• Oriental tree frog, Hyla orientalis (eastern Europe, Turkey, Iran) ^[2]
• Italian tree frog, Hyla intermediaLC and: ^{[n 1]}

• Po's tree frog, Hyla perrini (southern Europe) ^{[5] [6]}

• Stripeless tree frog, Hyla meridionalisLC (southern Europe)
• Iberian tree frog, Hyla molleri (Iberian Peninsula, France) ^[2]
• Sardinian tree frog, Hyla sardaLC

Family: Ranidae (true frogs)

Typical frogs

• Common frog, Rana temporariaLC and: ^{[n 1]}

• Rana parvipalmata (Spain) ^{[5] [6]}

• Pyrenean frog, Rana pyrenaicaEN
• Moor frog, Rana arvalisLC
• Agile frog, Rana dalmatinaLC
• Italian agile frog, Rana latasteiVU
• Italian stream frog, Rana italicaLC
• Greek stream frog, Rana graecaLC
• Iberian frog, Rana ibericaNT
• Long-legged wood frog, Rana macrocnemisLC (Caucasus region, Turkey)

Water frogs

• Marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundusLC
• Pool frog, Pelophylax lessonaeLC
• Edible frog, Pelophylax kl. esculentusLC
• Perez's frog, Pelophylax pereziLC
• Graf's hybrid frog, Pelophylax kl. grafiNT
• Italian pool frog, Pelophylax bergeriLC
• Italian edible frog, Pelophylax kl. hispanicusLC (Italy)
• Epirus water frog, Pelophylax epeiroticusVU
• Albanian water frog, Pelophylax shqipericusEN
• Karpathos frog, Pelophylax cerigensisEN (Greece)
• Cretan frog, Pelophylax cretensisEN (Greece)
• Cyprus water frog, Pelophylax cypriensis (Cyprus)
• Balkan frog, Pelophylax kurtmuelleriLC
• Levant water frog, Pelophylax bedriagaeLC
• Sahara frog, Pelophylax saharicusLC (Gran Canaria - introduced)
• American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianusLC (introduced)

See also

• List of birds of Europe
• List of mammals of Europe
• List of reptiles of Europe
• List of extinct animals of Europe
• List of amphibians and reptiles of Cantabria

Further reading

• Arnold N., Ovenden D., Collins Field Guide: Reptiles & Amphibians Britain & Europe., HarperCollins Publishers, London, 2002, ISBN   0-00-219964-5
• Engelmann W., Fritzsche J., Günthner R., Obst F., Beobachten und bestimmen: Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1985

Notes

1. Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.

References

1. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
2. Frost, Darrel (2017). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
3. Kurtuluş Olgun, Jan Willem Arntzen, Sergius Kuzmin, Theodore Papenfuss, Ismail Ugurtas, David Tarkhnishvili, Max Sparreboom, Steven Anderson, Boris Tuniyev Natalia Ananjeva, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Uğur Kaya. 2009. Ommatotriton ophryticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T136019A4230151. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T136019A4230151.en. Downloaded on 10 October 2017. The distribution map: http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=136019
4. Frost, Darrel (2020). "Frost, Darrel R. 2023. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database". New York, USA: American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
5. Frost, Darrel (2020). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
6. AmphibiaWeb. Berkeley, CA: University of California. 2020 https://amphibiaweb.org . Retrieved 25 July 2020.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
7. V. Skorinov, D.; V. Doronin, I.; A. Kidov, A.; S. Tuniyev, B.; N. Litvinchuk, S. (2014). "Distribution and conservation status of the Caucasian newt, Lissotriton lantzi (Wolterstorff, 1914)". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 21 (4): 251–268. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
8. Boris Tuniyev, Göran Nilson, Natalia Ananjeva, Aram Agasyan, Nikolai Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, Steven Anderson, Sergius Kuzmin, Matthias Stöck, Theodore Papenfuss, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ismail Ugurtas, David Tarkhnishvili, Sergius Kuzmin, Matthias Stöck, Theodore Papenfuss, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ismail Ugurtas, Steven Anderson, David Tarkhnishvili, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev. 2009. Bufo verrucosissimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T39421A10235921. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T39421A10235921.en. Downloaded on 10 October 2017. The distribution map: http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=39421

External links

• Frost, Darrel (2017). "Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference". American Museum of Natural History.
• AmphibiaWeb Database. University of California, Berkeley, CA.