Pelobates fuscus

Last updated

Pelobates fuscus
Temporal range: Lower Oligocene–Recent, [1] 33.9–0  Ma
Pelobates fuscus fuscus.jpg
Pelobates fuscus fuscus
Pelobates fuscus insubricus01.jpg
Pelobates fuscus insubricus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Pelobatidae
Genus: Pelobates
Species:
P. fuscus
Binomial name
Pelobates fuscus
(Laurenti, 1768)
Subspecies

P. fuscus fuscus
P. fuscus insubricus

Pelobates fuscus dis.png
Synonyms [3]
  • Bombinator fuscusFitzinger, 1826
  • Bufo fuscusLaurenti, 1768
  • Pelobates fuscus fuscusMertens, 1923
  • Pelobates fuscus insubricusCrochet and Dubois, 2004
  • Pelobates fuscus insubricusMertens, 1923
  • Pelobates fuscus var. lividusKoch, 1872
  • Pelobates fuscus var. orientalisSevertsov, 1913
  • Pelobates fuscus vespertinusCrochet and Dubois, 2004
  • Pelobates fuscusWagler, 1830
  • Pelobates praefuscusKhosatzky, 1985
Tadpole Pelobates fuscus czech republic na plachte.jpg
Tadpole

Pelobates fuscus is a species of toad in the family Pelobatidae, native to an area extending from Central Europe to Western Asia. It is commonly known as the common spadefoot, garlic toad, the common spadefoot toad and the European common spadefoot.

The common spadefoot grows to a length of approximately 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in) for males and 8 centimetres (3.1 in) for females. The skin colouration varies depending upon habitat, gender and region, but is usually light-grey to beige-brown on the dorsal surface. The skin is mottled by darker marks that differ between individuals. The belly is white, sometimes with grey mottling. Albino specimens have been observed.

Two subspecies are traditionally recognised: Pelobates fuscus fuscus (from central Europe) and Pelobates fuscus insubricus (from Northern Italy). In reality there is no physical or behavioural character allowing to distinguish these supposed subspecies. A recent study showed that there is no haplotype segregation for the populations of Northern Italy, that, therefore, are not to be ascribed to a different subspecies. [4] Haplotypes from some Northern Italian valleys are very characteristic and support a different conception in terms of conservation: not for a different taxonomic position but, instead, for a peculiar differentiation. Populations from eastern Europe appear sufficiently different that they may warrant a separate species status (Pelobates vespertinus).

When alarmed, it emits a very loud call (alarm call) and it can exude a noxious secretion which smells like garlic, hence its common name.

Locations

Pelobates fuscus are seen in the Posavina region. The first findings of tadpoles and the reproductive site of the common spadefoot toad in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Croatia, this species is found along the Mura, Drava and Sava rivers. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European spadefoot toad</span> Family of amphibians

The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs, the Pelobatidae, with only one extant genus Pelobates, containing six species. They are native to Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern Africa, and western Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American spadefoot toad</span> Family of amphibians

The Scaphiopodidae are a family of American spadefoot toads, which are native to North America. The family is small, comprising only eleven different species.

Western spadefoot or western spadefoot toad is the common name of two different species of toads

<i>Scaphiopus</i> Genus of amphibians

Scaphiopus is a genus of North American amphibian commonly referred to as the North American spadefoots, southern spadefoots, or eastern spadefoot toads. They differ greatly from true toads by having eyes with vertical pupils, no parotoid gland, and relatively smooth skin. Their most distinctive feature is a spade-like projection on their hind feet, from which their common name is derived. This projection enables spadefoot toads to dig in loose soils with ease. Its scientific name means ‘spade-foot’ as well, from the Ancient Greek skaphís and pous.

<i>Spea</i> Genus of amphibians

Spea is a genus of North American amphibian commonly referred to as the western spadefoot toads. They differ greatly from true toads by having eyes with vertical pupils, no parotoid glands, and relatively smooth skin. Their most distinctive feature is a spade-like projection on their hind feet, from which their common name is derived. This projection enables spadefoot toads to dig in loose soils with ease. Its name is from the Ancient Greek speos

Pelobates varaldii, the Moroccan spadefoot toad, Moroccan spadefoot, or Varaldi's spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Pelobatidae. As currently known, it is endemic to the coastal north-western Morocco, although there is an unconfirmed record from the Spanish territory of Melilla that could possibly represent this species. The specific name varaldii honours Marcel Varaldi who collected amphibians and reptiles in Morocco.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelobatoidea</span> Superfamily of amphibians

The Pelobatoidea are a superfamily of frogs. They typically combine a toad-like body shape with a frog-like, pointed face. Phylogenetically they stand between primitive frogs on the one side and higher frogs on the other and are therefore – among other things by characteristics of bone construction – in the suborder Mesobatrachia.

<i>Pelobates cultripes</i> Species of amphibian

Pelobates cultripes is a toad species in the family Pelobatidae. It is known under many different common names, including the western spadefoot, Iberian spadefoot toad, Spanish spadefoot toad, and Wagler's spadefoot toad. It is found in most of the Iberian Peninsula with isolated populations southern and western France.

<i>Pelobates syriacus</i> Species of amphibian

Pelobates syriacus, the eastern spadefoot or Syrian spadefoot, is a species of toad in the family Pelobatidae, native to an area extending from Eastern Europe to Western Asia.

Rhabdias bufonis is a species of parasitic nematode in the family Rhabdiasidae. It was first described from the lungs of the European common toad (Bufo bufo) but has also been found in a number of other species of frog.

References

  1. ↑ Martín, C. & Sanchiz, B. (2014). "Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768)". Lisanfos KMS. Version 1.2. Online reference accessible at http://www.lisanfos.mncn.csic.es/ . Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid (Spain). Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.{{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  2. ↑ Aram Agasyan; Aziz Avisi; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; et al. (2009). "Pelobates fuscus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2009. IUCN: e.T16498A5951455. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T16498A5951455.en .
  3. ↑ Darrel Frost. "Pelobates fuscus". Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference. The American Museum of Natural History . Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  4. ↑ Angelica Crottini & Franco Andreone (2007). "Conservazione di un anfibio iconico: lo status di Pelobates fuscus in Italia e linee guida d'azione" (PDF). Quad. Staz. Ecol. Civ. Mus. St. Nat. Ferrara. 17: 67–76.
  5. ↑ Ćurić, Ana; Adnan, Zimić; Bogdanović, Tomislav; Jelić, Dušan (June 2018). "New data and distribution of common spadefoot toad Pelobates Fuscus (Laurenti, 1768) (Anura: Pelobatidae) in Western Balkans". North-Western Journal of Zoology. 14 (1): 50–59.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.