List of causes of genital pain

Last updated

Genital pain and pelvic pain can arise from a variety of conditions, crimes, trauma, medical treatments, physical diseases, mental illness and infections. In some instances the pain is consensual and self-induced. Self-induced pain can be a cause for concern and may require a psychiatric evaluation. In other instances the infliction of pain is consensual but caused by another person (such as in surgery or tattooing). In other instances, the pain is vague" and difficult to localize. Abdominal pain can be related to conditions related to reproductive and urinary tissues and organs.

Contents

Those with pain in the genital and pelvic regions can have dysfunctional voiding or defecation. Pain in this region of the body can be associated with anxiety, depression and other psycho-social factors. In addition, this pain can have effects on activities of daily living or quality of life. Treatment can be symptomatic if the pathology is unknown and managed by physical therapy, counseling and medication. [1]

Common to women and men

Females

Males

Children

Treatments

Related Research Articles

Interstitial cystitis Medical condition

Interstitial cystitis (IC), a type of bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is chronic pain that affects the bladder and pelvic floor. Together with Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). Symptoms include feeling the need to urinate right away, needing to urinate often, and pain with sex. IC/BPS is associated with depression and lower quality of life. Many of those affected also have irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia.

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause. Symptoms typically include a feeling of burning or irritation. It has been established by the ISSVD that for the diagnosis to be made symptoms must last at least three months.

Endometriosis Disease of the female reproductive system

Endometriosis is a disease of the female reproductive system in which cells similar to those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. Most often this is on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissue around the uterus and ovaries; however, in rare cases it may also occur in other parts of the body. Some symptoms include pelvic pain, heavy periods, pain with bowel movements, and infertility. Nearly half of those affected have chronic pelvic pain, while in 70% pain occurs during menstruation. Pain during sexual intercourse is also common. Infertility occurs in up to half of affected individuals. About 25% of individuals have no symptoms and 85% of those seen with infertility in a tertiary center have no pain. Endometriosis can have both social and psychological effects.

Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the genitalia, or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the cervix. Medically, dyspareunia is a pelvic floor dysfunction and affects up to 53% of adult women at some point in their lives, although it is frequently underdiagnosed. It can affect a small portion of the vulva or vagina or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.

Ovarian cyst Fluid-filled sac in the ovary

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. The majority of cysts are harmless. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, it may cause severe pain. This may result in vomiting or feeling faint, and even cause head aches.

Kegel exercise Pelvic floor exercise

Kegel exercise, also known as pelvic-floor exercise, involves repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, now sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Kegel muscles". The exercise can be performed many times a day, for several minutes at a time but takes one to three months to begin to have an effect.

Abdominal pain Stomach aches

Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.

Vaginoplasty

Vaginoplasty is any surgical procedure that results in the construction or reconstruction of the vagina. It is a type of genitoplasty. Pelvic organ prolapse is often treated with one or more surgeries to repair the vagina. Sometimes a vaginoplasty is needed following the treatment or removal of malignant growths or abscesses in order to restore a normal vaginal structure and function. Surgery to the vagina is done to correct congenital defects to the vagina, urethra and rectum. It will correct protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina (cystocele) and protrusion of the rectum (rectocele) into the vagina. Often, a vaginoplasty is performed to repair the vagina and its attached structures due to trauma or injury. Labiaplasty, which alters the appearance of the vulva, can be performed as a discrete surgery, or as a subordinate procedure within a vaginoplasty.

Lichen sclerosus Itchy skin rash usually affecting the genitals

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of unknown cause which can affect any body part of any person but has a strong preference for the genitals and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) when it affects the penis. Lichen sclerosus is not contagious. There is a well-documented increase of skin cancer risk in LS, potentially improvable with treatment. LS in adult age women is normally incurable, but improvable with treatment, and often gets progressively worse if not treated properly. Most males with mild or intermediate disease restricted to prepuce or glans can be cured by either medical or surgical treatment.

Cystocele Medical condition

A cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. Some may have no symptoms. Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. Complications may include recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention. Cystocele and a prolapsed urethra often occur together and is called a cystourethrocele. Cystocele can negatively affect quality of life.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting.

Uterine prolapse Medical condition

Uterine prolapse is when the uterus descends towards or through the opening of the vagina. Symptoms may include vaginal fullness, pain with sex, trouble urinating, urinary incontinence, and constipation. Often it gets worse over time. Low back pain and vaginal bleeding may also occur.

Ovarian diseases are conditions that happen to young women which can affect their reproductive system and general health.

A vaginal disease is a pathological condition that affects part or all of the vagina.

Vulva External genital organs of the female mammal

The vulva consists of the external female sex organs. The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular bulbs, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus, the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin's and Skene's vestibular glands. The urinary meatus is also included as it opens into the vulval vestibule. Other features of the vulva include the pudendal cleft, sebaceous glands, the urogenital triangle, and pubic hair. The vulva includes the entrance to the vagina, which leads to the uterus, and provides a double layer of protection for this by the folds of the outer and inner labia. Pelvic floor muscles support the structures of the vulva. Other muscles of the urogenital triangle also give support.

A vulvar disease is a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of the vulva. Several pathologies are defined. Some can be prevented by vulvovaginal health maintenance.

Pediatric gynaecology or pediatric gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries of infants, children, and adolescents. Its counterpart is pediatric andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the penis and testes.

Crohn’s disease (CD) of the vulva is a rare extra intestinal condition, with granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the female genitalia. Lesions connected to the affected gut via a healthy tissue are referred to as metastatic lesions.

Pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is a specialty area within physical therapy focusing on the rehabilitation of muscles in the pelvic floor after injury or dysfunction. It can be used to address issues such as muscle weakness or tightness post childbirth, dyspareunia, vaginismus, vulvodynia, constipation, fecal or urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual dysfunction. Licensed physical therapists with specialized pelvic floor physical therapy training address dysfunction in individuals across the gender and sex spectra, though PFPT often associated with women's health for its heavy focus on addressing issues of pelvic trauma after childbirth.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bharucha, AE; Lee, TH (2016). "Anorectal and Pelvic Pain". Mayo Clin. Proc. 91 (10): 1471–1486. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.011. PMC   5123821 . PMID   27712641.
  2. 1 2 3 Cheong, Ying C; Smotra, Grisham; Williams, Amanda C de C; Cheong, Ying C (2014). "Non-surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD008797. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008797.pub2. PMID   24595586.
  3. ↑ Winkler, Nurit (2015). Women's reproductive mental health across the lifespan. Place of publication not identified: Springer. p. 199. ISBN   978-3319216850.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching". American Congress of Obstatricians and Gynecologists. 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-31.
  5. ↑ "Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching". American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. September 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  6. ↑ Nisenblat, Vicki; Bossuyt, Patrick MM; Shaikh, Rabia; Farquhar, Cindy; Jordan, Vanessa; Scheffers, Carola S; Mol, Ben Willem J; Johnson, Neil; Hull, M Louise; Nisenblat, Vicki (2016). "Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis" (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD012179. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012179. PMC   7076288 . PMID   27132058.
  7. 1 2 Liddle, Sarah D; Pennick, Victoria; Liddle, Sarah D (2015). "Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 (9): CD001139. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001139.pub4. PMC   7053516 . PMID   26422811.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "ICD-10 Version:2015". The World Health Organization; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-31.
  9. ↑ Sims, Shireen Madani; Stinson, Kathryn; McLean, Frederick W.; Davis, John D.; Wilkinson, Edward J. (2012). "Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Vulva". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 149–154. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e318231217b. ISSN   1089-2591. PMID   22371044. S2CID   23955539.
  10. 1 2 Sharma, T.; Kagan, H. (1980). "Scrotal emphysema". The American Surgeon. 46 (11): 652–653. PMID   7436145.
  11. ↑ Bush, G.; Nixon, R. (1969). "Scrotal inflation: a new cause for subcutaneous, mediastinal and retroperitoneal emphysema". Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal. 17 (3): 225–226. PMID   5350135.
  12. 1 2 3 Yoganathan, K. G.; Blackwell, A. L. (2006). "Unusual cause of acute scrotal cellulitis in an HIV positive man". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 82 (2): 187–8. doi:10.1136/sti.2005.017020. PMC   2564698 . PMID   16581752.
  13. ↑ "Paget's disease of the scrotum Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes". RightDiagnosis.com. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  14. ↑ Xu, T.; Gu, M.; Wang, H. (2009). "Emergency management of penile strangulation: a case report and review of the Chinese literature". Emergency Medicine Journal. 26 (1): 73–74. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.1032.6418 . doi:10.1136/emj.2008.062877. PMID   19104114. S2CID   933603.
  15. ↑ Silberstein, Jonathan; Grabowski, Julia; Lakin, Charles; Goldstein, Irwin (Jul 2008). "Penile Constriction Devices: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Recommendations for Extrication". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (7): 1747–1757. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00848.x. PMID   18507720.
  16. ↑ Detweiler MB (2001). "Penile incarceration with metal objects--a review of procedure choice based on penile trauma grade". Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. 35 (3): 212–7. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.554.2255 . doi:10.1080/003655901750291980. PMID   11487074. S2CID   11630970.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.