 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2010) |
This is a chronological list of international declarations , declarations of independence , declarations of war , etc.
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2010) |
This is a chronological list of international declarations , declarations of independence , declarations of war , etc.
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1320 | Declaration of Arbroath | Proclamation of Scottish independence. |
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1617 | Declaration of Sports [N 1] | Issued by James I of England; lists the sports that were permitted on Sundays and other holy days. | |
| 1660 | Declaration of Breda | King Charles II of England, while in exile, proclaims the conditions of his acceptance of the crown of England. | |
| 1672 | Royal Declaration of Indulgence | Charles II of England attempts to extend religious freedom to Protestant nonconformists in his realms. | |
| 1676 | Declaration of the People [N 2] | Issued by Nathaniel Bacon; proclaims the colonial governor of Virginia as corrupt. | |
| 1687 | Declaration of Indulgence [N 3] | Establishes freedom of religion in England. | |
| 1688 | Declaration of Reasons | William III of England legitimizes his overthrowing of James II of England. |
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1774 | Declaration of Colonial Rights [N 4] | Adopted by the First Continental Congress; proclaims the rights of the Thirteen Colonies. | |
| 1775 | Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence | North Carolina establishes strong anti-British resolutions. | |
| 1776 | United States Declaration of Independence | The United States proclaims its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. | |
| 1791 | Declaration of Pillnitz | Calls on European powers to intervene if Louis XVI of France is threatened. |
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1811 | Venezuelan Declaration of Independence | Venezeluans proclaim their secession from the Kingdom of Spain. | |
| 1811 | Paraguayan Declaration of Independence | Paraguayans overthrow Spain's officials. | |
| 1816 | Argentine Declaration of Independence | The Congress of Tucumán declares Argentine independence. | |
| 1836 | Texas Declaration of Independence | Formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico. | |
| 1848 | Declaration of Sentiments | Records establishment of the first women's rights convention. | |
| 1856 | Declaration of Paris | Abolishes privateering. | |
| 1868 | St Petersburg Declaration | Delegates agree to prohibit the use of less deadly explosives. | |
| 1898 | Philippine Declaration of Independence | Proclaims the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from Spanish imperial rule. |
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1905 | Declaration of Boulogne | Defines "Esperantism" as a movement to promote the widespread use of Esperanto. | |
| 1909 | Declaration of London | An international code of maritime law. | |
| 1916 | Proclamation of the Irish Republic | Proclaims Irish independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. | |
| 1919 | Declaration of Independence (Ireland) | Adopted by Dail Éireann; "ratifies" the 1916 Proclamation. | |
| 1923 | Declaration of the Rights of the Child | Protects the rights of children; drafted by Eglantyne Jebb, endorsed in 1924, and adopted by the UN in 1946 and in 1959. | |
| 1944 | Declaration of Philadelphia | Current charter of the International Labour Organization. | |
| 1945 | Declaration of Avellaneda | The political platform of Argentina's Radical Civic Union. | |
| Indonesian Declaration of Independence | Proclaims Indonesia independent from Dutch imperial rule. | ||
| 1947 | Proclamation of the Indian Independence | Proclaims India's independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. | |
| 1948 | Israel's Declaration of Independence | Proclaims the establishment of the State of Israel within the British Mandate of Palestine. | |
| 1948 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Ratified in December 1948 by the United Nations, the UDHR defines a fundamental list of human rights to be defended by all nations of the world. | |
| 1949 | London Declaration | Allows republics to be member of the British Commonwealth, creates the position of Head of the Commonwealth, and renames the organisation as the 'Commonwealth of Nations'. | |
| 1950 | Declaration of Conscience | Senator Margaret Chase Smith criticizes the tactics of HUAC and (without naming him) Senator Joe McCarthy. | |
| 1955 | Declaration of Neutrality | Austria proclaims itself a permanently neutral nation. | |
| 1964 | Declaration of Helsinki | Sets ethical principles for the medical community regarding human experimentation. | |
| 1965 | Unilateral Declaration of Independence | Rhodesia proclaims itself independent from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965, by the administration of Ian Smith, whose Rhodesian Front party opposed black majority rule in the then Crown colony British colony. | [1] |
| 1968 | Declaration of Geneva | Proclaims physicians' dedication to the humanitarian goals of medicine. | |
| 1988 | Palestinian Declaration of Independence | Proclaims the establishment of the independent State of Palestine. | |
| 1990 | Declaration of Independence (Transnistria) | Proclaims the withdrawal of Transnistria from the Moldavian SSR. | |
| 1991 | Declaration of Windhoek | Statement of press freedom principles put together by African newspaper journalists. | |
| 1991 | Somaliland Declaration of Independence | Declare a Republic of Somaliland and regard the territory as the successor state to the short-lived independent State of Somaliland. |
| Year | Name | Summary | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | The Doha Declaration | Adopted by the WTO Ministerial Conference of 2001; reaffirms flexibility of TRIPS member states in circumventing intellectual property rights for better access to essential medicines. | |
| 2002 | The Amsterdam Declaration | Statement of the fundamental principles of modern Humanism passed unanimously by the International Humanist and Ethical Union. | |
| 2004 | Declaration of Calton Hill | Demands for the establishment of an independent Scottish Republic. | |
| Geneva Declaration on the Future of the WIPO | Focuses on the needs of developing countries with respect to intellectual property legislation. | ||
| 2006 | Declaration of Montreal [N 5] | A starting point in the listing of the international LGBT movement's demands. | |
| 2007 | Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples | A Declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly during its 61st session at UN Headquarters in New York City on 13 September 2007 setting an important standard for the treatment of the planet's 370 million indigenous people. | |
| 2008 | 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence | A controversial declaration that was seen by some as setting a precedent for other secessionist movements. | |
| 2023 | 2023 Trinity Declaration | A international declaration for protecting those covered by the Geneva Conventions from harm caused by technology. The Trinity Declaration is the first international and widely adopted "Geneva Convention for Cyberwarfare." The Trinity Declaration was adopted and ratified on April 1, 2023. The signatories of the Trinity Declaration are not nations or political organizations but rather individuals and organizations. Signatories can be both private or public in their support. |
|}
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. Inspired by Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a significant impact on the development of popular conceptions of individual liberty and democracy in Europe and worldwide.
Human rights are moral principles, or norms, for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as substantive rights in substantive law, municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings", regardless of their age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal, and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law, and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others; it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances.
International human rights instruments are the treaties and other international texts that serve as legal sources for international human rights law and the protection of human rights in general. There are many varying types, but most can be classified into two broad categories: declarations, adopted by bodies such as the United Nations General Assembly, which are by nature declaratory, so not legally-binding although they may be politically authoritative and very well-respected soft law;, and often express guiding principles; and conventions that are multi-party treaties that are designed to become legally binding, usually include prescriptive and very specific language, and usually are concluded by a long procedure that frequently requires ratification by each states' legislature. Lesser known are some "recommendations" which are similar to conventions in being multilaterally agreed, yet cannot be ratified, and serve to set common standards. There may also be administrative guidelines that are agreed multilaterally by states, as well as the statutes of tribunals or other institutions. A specific prescription or principle from any of these various international instruments can, over time, attain the status of customary international law whether it is specifically accepted by a state or not, just because it is well-recognized and followed over a sufficiently long time.
The Declaration of Sentiments, also known as the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, is a document signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men—100 out of some 300 attendees at the first women's rights convention to be organized by women. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, the convention is now known as the Seneca Falls Convention. The principal author of the Declaration was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who modeled it upon the United States Declaration of Independence. She was a key organizer of the convention along with Lucretia Coffin Mott, and Martha Coffin Wright.
The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, is the founding document of the United States. On July 4, 1776, it was adopted unanimously by the 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress, who had convened at the Pennsylvania State House, later renamed Independence Hall, in the colonial era capital of Philadelphia. The declaration explains to the world why the Thirteen Colonies regarded themselves as independent sovereign states no longer subject to British colonial rule.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the 58 members of the United Nations at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote.
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state.
The Bill of Rights 1689 is an Act of the Parliament of England that set out certain basic civil rights and clarified who would be next to inherit the Crown. It remains a crucial statute in English constitutional law.
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, also known as the Bogota Declaration, was the world's first international human rights instrument of a general nature, predating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by less than a year.
The quotation "all men are created equal" is found in the United States Declaration of Independence. The final form of the sentence was stylized by Benjamin Franklin, and penned by Thomas Jefferson during the beginning of the Revolutionary War in 1776. It reads:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" is a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the unalienable rights which the Declaration says have been given to all humans by their Creator, and which governments are created to protect. Like the other principles in the Declaration of Independence, this phrase is not legally binding, but has been widely referenced and seen as an inspiration for the basis of government.
Human Rights Day (HRD) is celebrated annually around the world on 10 December every year.
Peng Chun Chang, commonly known as P. C. Chang, was a Chinese academic, philosopher, playwright, human rights activist, and diplomat. He was born in Tianjin, China, and died at his home in Nutley, New Jersey.
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) is a declaration of the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) first adopted in Cairo, Egypt, on 5 August 1990,, and later revised in 2020 and adopted on 28 November 2020. It provides an overview on the Islamic perspective on human rights. The 1990 version affirms Islamic sharia as its sole source, whereas the 2020 version doesn't specifically invoke sharia. The focus of this article is the 1990 version of the CDHRI.
A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistleblowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campaigners, participants in direct action, or just individuals acting alone. They can defend rights as part of their jobs or in a voluntary capacity. As a result of their activities, human rights defenders (HRDs) are often subjected to reprisals including smears, surveillance, harassment, false charges, arbitrary detention, restrictions on the right to freedom of association, physical attack, and even murder. In 2020, at least 331 HRDs were murdered in 25 countries. The international community and some national governments have attempted to respond to this violence through various protections, but violence against HRDs continues to rise. Women human rights defenders and environmental human rights defenders face greater repression and risks than human rights defenders working on other issues.
The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is a legally non-binding resolution passed by the United Nations in 2007. It delineates and defines the individual and collective rights of indigenous peoples, including their ownership rights to cultural and ceremonial expression, identity, language, employment, health, education, and other issues. Their ownership also extends to the protection of their intellectual and cultural property. The declaration "emphasizes the rights of Indigenous peoples to maintain and strengthen their own institutions, cultures and traditions, and to pursue their development in keeping with their own needs and aspirations." It "prohibits discrimination against indigenous peoples," and it "promotes their full and effective participation in all matters that concern them and their right to remain distinct and to pursue their own visions of economic and social development".
The right to development is a human right that recognizes every human right for constant improvement of well-being. It was recognized by the United Nation as an international human right in 1986.
A bill of rights, or the Bill of Rights, is a declaration of the rights that a citizenry have.