List of international presidential trips made by Hafez al-Assad

Last updated

This is a list of international presidential trips made by Hafez al-Assad during his presidency between 1971 and 2000.

Contents

1971

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Libya (1969-1972).svg  Libya Benghazi 17 April 1971Signing of the agreement to establish the Federation of Arab Republics between Egypt, Libya and Syria [1]

1972

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Kuwait City 22 April 1972
Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg  Egypt Mersa Matruh 19 June 1972Attended a meeting of the Federation of Arab Republics [2]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow July 1972
Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg  Egypt Cairo 9 July 1972 [3]

1973

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg  Egypt Cairo 7 February 1973Meeting with president Anwar Sadat and Colonel Muammar Gaddafi [4]
Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg  Egypt April 1973 [5]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 7 May 1973 [6]

1974

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Beirut 18 January 1974Meeting with president Suleiman Frangieh [7]
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Lahore 22–24 February 1974Attended the Organisation of the Islamic Conference Summit
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Belgrade 15 August 1974 [8]
Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg  Romania Bucharest 9 September 1974Meeting with president Nicolae Ceaușescu
Flag of North Korea.svg  Korea DPR Pyongyang September 1974
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco Rabat 30 October 1974Attended the 7th Arab Summit Conference [9]

1975

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Beirut 7 January 1975Meeting with president Suleiman Frangieh [10]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Riyad 24 April 1975Attended the Arab Summit Conference
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Amman 10 June 1975Meeting with Hussein bin Talal
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia Prague, Karlovy Vary 8–11 September 1975Meeting with Gustáv Husák [11]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 10 October 1975 [12]
State Flag of Iran (1964).svg  Iran Tehran December 1975
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Amman 9–10 December 1975Meeting with Hussein bin Talal

1976

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France Paris 17–18 June 1976Meeting with president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing [13]
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Belgrade June 1976
Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg  Romania Bucharest 27 June 1976 [14]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 16–18 October 1976Attended a six-party summit, which included the leaders of Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and Kuwait to discuss the situation in Lebanon [15]
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Amman 6–7 December 1976Meeting with Hussein bin Talal [16]

1977

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan Khartoum 27 February 1977Attended trilateral summit with Sudanese president Gaafar Nimeiry and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat [17]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 19 April 1977Meeting with General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev [18]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Geneva 9 May 1977Meeting with U.S. president Jimmy Carter [19]
Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg  Libya Tripoli 2 December 1977Attended a summit with the participation of the leaders of Algeria, Iraq, Libya, the PLO and South Yemen to discuss Sadat's initiative [20]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 9 December 1977Meeting with Crown Prince Fahd [21]
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi 12 December 1977Meeting with Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan [22]

1978

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 20–22 February 1978
Flag of India.svg  India New Delhi 18 April 1978Meeting with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi [23]
Flag of Germany.svg  West Germany Bonn 12 September 1978
Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany 1 October 1978
Flag of Iraq (1963-1991); Flag of Syria (1963-1972).svg  Iraq Baghdad 25–27 October 1978Working visit [24]
Flag of Iraq (1963-1991); Flag of Syria (1963-1972).svg  Iraq Baghdad 2 November 1978Attended the Arab Summit Conference [25]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 6 October 1978
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Budapest 29 November 1978

1979

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Iraq (1963-1991); Flag of Syria (1963-1972).svg  Iraq Baghdad 16–17 June 1979Meeting with president Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr [26]
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Algiers 3 July 1979Meeting with president Chadli Benjedid [27]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 15–18 October 1979

1980

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Belgrade 4 May 1980Attended the state funeral of Josip Broz Tito
Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg  Libya Tripoli Held unification talks
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 8–10 October 1980Meeting with General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev [28]

1981

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Mecca & Taif 25–29 January 1981Attended the Organisation of the Islamic Conference Summit

1982

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Taif 5 July 1982Meeting with King Fahd [29]

1983

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of India.svg  India New Delhi 1983
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Jeddah 9 May 1983Meeting with King Fahd [30]

1985

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 19 June 1985Meeting with Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev [31]

1986

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Amman 5 May 1986Meeting with Hussein bin Talal [32]
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Athens 26–28 May 1986State visit [33]

1987

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Kuwait City 26–29 January 1987Attended the Organisation of the Islamic Conference Summit [34]
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow 27–29 April 1987Meeting with Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev [35]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Sofia October 1987 [36]

1990

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Cairo 14–16 July 1990Meeting with president Hosni Mubarak [37]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Cairo 9 August 1990Attended the Arab Summit Conference on the Iraqi-Kuwaiti crisis

1992

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Kuwait City 20 April 1992Meeting with Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah [38]

1994

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Cairo 4–5 April 1994Meeting with president Hosni Mubarak [39]

1997

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Tehran 1 August 1997State visit
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Tehran 9–11 December 1997Attended the Organisation of the Islamic Conference Summit [40]

1998

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of France (lighter variant).svg  France Paris 18 July 1998Meeting with president Jacques Chirac [41]

1999

CountryLocationDatePurposeRef.
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Amman FebruaryAttended the funeral of Hussein bin Talal [42]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Moscow 7 July 1999Meeting with president Boris Yeltsin [43]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anwar Sadat</span> 3rd president of Egypt (1970–81)

Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafez al-Assad</span> President of Syria from 1971 to 2000

Hafez al-Assad was a Syrian politician, military officer and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000. He had previously served as prime minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971 as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Hafez al-Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état, which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camp David Accords</span> 1978 political agreement between Egypt and Israel

The Camp David Accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David, the country retreat of the President of the United States in Maryland. The two framework agreements were signed at the White House and were witnessed by President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks led directly to the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Due to the agreement, Sadat and Begin received the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. The first framework, which dealt with the Palestinian territories, was written without participation of the Palestinians and was condemned by the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palestine Liberation Army</span> Semi-independent military branch of Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Army is ostensibly the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), set up at the 1964 Arab League summit held in Alexandria, Egypt, with the mission of fighting Israel. However, it has never been under effective PLO control, but rather it has been controlled by its various host governments, usually Syria. Even though it initially operated in several countries, the present-day PLA is only active in Syria and recruits male Palestinian refugees.

The Arab Union is a theoretical political union of the Arab states. The term was first used when the British Empire promised the Arabs a united independent state in return for revolting against the Ottoman Empire, with whom Britain was at war. It never came to fruition following the Sykes–Picot Agreement. Despite this, many in the Arab world have since called for the creation of a pan-Arab state. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser made several unsuccessful attempts to unite Egypt with other Arab countries, and briefly succeeded in forming the United Arab Republic with Syria in 1958, which dissolved in 1971. Similar attempts were made by other Arab leaders, such as Hafez al-Assad, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Faisal I of Iraq, Muammar Gaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Gaafar Nimeiry and Anwar Sadat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egypt–Russia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Egypt–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between Egypt and Russia. Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Egypt were established on August 26, 1943. Egypt has an embassy in Moscow, while Russia has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borg El Arab</span> Place in Alexandria, Egypt

Borg El Arab is a city in the governorate of Alexandria, Egypt. and the capital of Borg El Arab Markaz. It is located about 52 kilometers south-west of Alexandria and some seven kilometers from the Mediterranean coast. North of Borg El Arab is the King Maryut resort and Lake Maryut. South of Borg El Arab is New Borg El Arab City. The city has an airport, Borg El Arab Airport, that serves nearly 250,000 passengers every year. Borg El Arab is widely considered an extension of the city of Alexandria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egypt–Iraq relations</span> Bilateral relations

Egypt–Iraq relations have varied over time, alternating from cooperation to rivalry over time. The modern relationship between Iraq and Egypt soured in 1977 when the two nations broke relations with each other following Egypt's peace accords with Israel. In 1978, Baghdad hosted an Arab League summit that condemned and ostracized Egypt for accepting the Camp David accords. However, Egypt's strong material and diplomatic support for Iraq in its war with Iran led to warmer relations and numerous contacts between senior officials, despite the continued absence of ambassadorial-level representation. Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for the restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries. In January 1984, Iraq successfully led Arab efforts within the OIC to restore Egypt's membership.

Bouthaina Shaaban is a Syrian politician and political and media adviser to the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad. Shaaban served as the first Minister of Expatriates for the Syrian Arab Republic, between 2002 and 2008, and has been described as the Syrian government's face to the outside world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat</span> Aspect of Egyptian history

The history of Egypt under Anwar Sadat covers the eleven year period of Egyptian history from Anwar Sadat's election as President of Egypt on 15 October 1970, following the death of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, to Sadat's assassination by Islamist fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Though presenting himself as a Nasserist during his predecessor's lifetime, upon becoming President, Sadat broke with many of the core tenets of the domestic and foreign policy ideology that had defined Egyptian politics since the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. In addition to abandoning many of Nasser's economic and political principles via the Infitah policy, Sadat ended Egypt's strategic partnership with the Soviet Union in favor of a new strategic relationship with the United States, initiated the peace process with the State of Israel in exchange for the evacuation of all Israeli military forces and settlers from Egyptian territory, and instituted a form of politics in Egypt that, whilst far removed from Egypt's pre-revolution democratic system, allowed for some multi-party representation in Egyptian politics. Sadat's tenure also witnessed a rise in governmental corruption, and a widening of the gulf between rich and poor, both of which would become hallmarks of the presidency of his successor, Hosni Mubarak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</span> Syrian-dominated faction of the Baath party

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, also referred to as the pro-Syrian Ba'ath movement, is a neo-Ba'athist political party with branches across the Arab world. The party emerged from a split in the Ba'ath Party in February 1966 and leads the government in Syria. From 1970 until 2000, the party was led by the Syrian president and Secretary General Hafez al-Assad. Until October 2018, leadership has been shared between his son Bashar al-Assad and Abdullah al-Ahmar. In 2017, after the reunification of the National and Regional Command, Bashar al-Assad became the Secretary General of the Central Command. The Syrian branch of the Party is the largest organisation within the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egypt–Syria relations</span> Bilateral relations

Egypt–Syria relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic. Egypt has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an embassy in Cairo. Both countries are members of the Arab League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saudi Arabia–Syria relations</span> Bilateral relations

Saudi Arabia–Syria relations refer to bilateral and economic relations between Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Arab Republic. Diplomatic ties between these two countries of the Middle East have long been strained by the major events in the region. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Damascus, and Syria has an embassy in Riyadh. Both countries are members of the Arab League and share close cultural ties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Hafez al-Assad</span> Hafez al-Assads term as President of Syria

Hafez al-Assad served as the President of Syria from 12 March 1971 until his death on 10 June 2000. He had been Prime Minister of Syria, leading a government for two years. He was succeeded by his son, Bashar al-Assad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unified Political Command</span>

A Unified Political Command, also translated as Joint Political Command or Unified Political Leadership, was agreed in 1964 between the presidents of Egypt and Iraq as well as between the presidents of Egypt and North Yemen. Both projects were parallel but not linked with each other. The Unified Political Command was meant as a kind of transitional government which should prepare the gradual merger of Iraq with Egypt and North Yemen with Egypt in a new United Arab Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Syria</span>

The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in the region of Syria. Throughout ancient times the territory of present Syrian Arab Republic was occupied and ruled by several empires, including the Sumerians, Mitanni, Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Arameans, Amorites, Persians, Greeks and Romans. Syria is considered to have emerged as an independent country for the first time on 24 October 1945, upon the signing of the United Nations Charter by the Syrian government, effectively ending France's mandate by the League of Nations to "render administrative advice and assistance to the population" of Syria, which came in effect in April 1946.

In March 1972, Ba'athist Iraq proposed to Egypt and Syria a re-establishment of the United Arab Republic, which failed in 1963. The Iraqi proposal was an immediate reaction to Jordan's proposal for a United Arab Kingdom but collided with the already established Federation of Arab Republics and failed because of Iraqi–Syrian differences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Hafez al-Assad</span> Funeral of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad, the 18th president of Syria, died from a heart attack on 10 June 2000 at the age of 69. His funeral was held three days later in Damascus, and he was buried in a mausoleum in his hometown Qardaha in Latakia Governorate, beside his eldest son Bassel al-Assad who died in 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somalia–Syria relations</span> Bilateral relations

Somalia–Syria relations refer to foreign relations between Somalia and Syria. Diplomatic relations were established when Syria opened its embassy in Mogadishu on 13 December 1964. Both nations are Arab League & Organisation of Islamic Cooperation members and maintain relations.

References

  1. قاموس التواريخ. المجلد الثاني: كشاف هجائي بالأحداث والقضايا والأشخاص. Al Manhal. January 2014. ISBN   979-6-500-15088-8.
  2. "Egypt: President Sadat Greets President Assad of Syria Prior to Mini Arab Summit".
  3. "Egypt: President Sadat Talks with President Assad of Syria on Soviet Policy in Middle East".
  4. "Egypt: Presidents Sadat of Egypt, Assad of Syria & Gaddafi of Libya End Arab Talks on".
  5. مذكرات المشير الجمسي. Nahdet Misr Publishing House. October 2023. ISBN   978-977-14-6229-3.
  6. "Syrian Leader Said to Visit Moscow for Secret Talks". The New York Times. 7 May 1973.
  7. لبنان من دويلات فينيقيا إلى فيدرالية الطوائف. Al Manhal. January 2013. ISBN   979-6-500-11729-4.
  8. "Yugoslavia: President Assad of Syria Arrives in Yugoslavia for Talks on Cyprus and the Middle East with President Tito".
  9. "Morocco: Arab Leaders Arrive for Summit Meeting in Rabat".
  10. "العلاقات اللبنانية السورية، 1943-1985: وقائع بيبليوغرافيا وثائق،". 1986.
  11. https://www.cairn.info/revue-les-cahiers-irice-2013-1-page-69.htm#no245
  12. "Assad, in Paris, Vows to Continue Lebanon Action". The New York Times. 18 June 1976.
  13. "Assad Visiting Rumania". The New York Times. 27 June 1976.
  14. "Al Moqatel - سورية من الاستقلال إلى حافظ الأسد".
  15. "Jordan: President Assad of Syria Arrives in Jordan for Talks with King Hussein".
  16. قاموس التواريخ. المجلد الثاني: كشاف هجائي بالأحداث والقضايا والأشخاص. Al Manhal. January 2014. ISBN   979-6-500-15088-8.
  17. "Syrian President Hafez al-Assad".
  18. "Carter, at Meeting with Syrian, Calls for Palestinian 'Homeland'". The New York Times. 10 May 1977.
  19. "Syrian President Flies to Riyadh to Seek Saudis' Aid Against Sadat". The New York Times. 9 December 1977.
  20. "United Arab Emirates: Syrian President Hafez Al-Assad Arrives for Talks".
  21. "India: Syrian President Assad Lays Wreath at Gandhi Memorial and Has Talks with Premier Desai".
  22. "Iraq: Syrian President Hafez Al-Assad and Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan Al-Bakr Continue Talks Aimed at Uniting Their Two Countries".
  23. "Algeria: President Assad of Syria Pays Visit to President Chadli to Discuss Middle East Peace Treaty".
  24. "Syrian President Meets with the Saudis' King". The New York Times. 5 July 1982.
  25. "Syria's Assad meets with Gorbachev - UPI Archives".
  26. "Syria's Assad Visiting Jordan". Los Angeles Times . 5 May 1986.
  27. "Syrian President Hafez Assad, on an official visit to... - UPI Archives".
  28. "Syrian History - President Hafez al-Assad at the Islamic Summit in Kuwait in 1987".
  29. Hijazi, Ihsan A. (30 April 1987). "New Soviet Aid to Syria Reported". The New York Times.
  30. "Syrian President Hafez Assad visits Kuwait".
  31. "Assad winds up peace talks, leaves Cairo - UPI Archives".
  32. "Syrian History - President Hafez al-Assad at the Islamic Conference in Iran - Tehran 1997".
  33. Whitney, Craig R. (18 July 1998). "Assad Finishes Paris Visit with No Sign of Progress Toward Peace". The New York Times.
  34. شرف, أيمن (2 January 2017). هيكل كاهن يبحث عن فرعون: رؤية نقدية. Sama For Publishing & Distributiom. ISBN   978-977-6451-48-3.
  35. Recknagel, Charles (9 April 2008). "Russia: President Assad's Visit Shows Strength of Ties with Syria". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.