The list is organized by pattern; only patterned textiles are shown. It includes current and past issue patterns, with dates; users may include a wide range of military bodies.
It was developed by Terräng - MP-Sec France. The French Armed Forces were looking for a winter camo for their participation to the ISAF in Afghanistan.[5]
German Bundeswehr:[14] tropical battle dress uniform for desert and semi-arid regions (army and air force) was also in use in the Danish army until they changed to M/01
United States (formerly).[19] United Arab Emirates (formerly).[20] Used by many other armies in many colour and pattern variations, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Kuwait, Niger, Paraguay, Peru, China, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Korea (formerly), Spain (only in arid theaters) (formerly), Yemen.[21]
United Kingdom, DPM-95 shown. It replaced similar 1960 pattern DPM, introduced in 1968.[23] Replaced by Multi-Terrain Pattern. Indonesia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway (special forces) (formerly), Philippines, Russia, Yemen.
Germany,[30] and at least 16 variants in different countries. Albania;[31] Belgium;[32] China until 2007;[33] Denmark 3-color variant;[34] France;[35] India;[36] Japan;[37] Kyrgyzstan;[38] Poland;[39] Russia;[11] Greece, Ukraine.
United States. Reversible: 5-color jungle one side, 3-color beach the other.[40] Also sometimes called "Duckhunter." Used by the US, (primarily the USMC) in World War II. Remained in use by the USMC into the 1960s. Also used by Turkey until 1980s in different colorways.[28]
France[45] Many variants, both with horizontal stripes (Chad, Gabon, Rwanda, Sudan, Cuba, Congo, Greece) and with vertical stripes (Portugal 1963, then Egypt, Greece, India, Lebanese Palestinians, and Syria). Outside France, Tunisia has probably fielded more varieties of the lizard pattern than any other nation.[46] Vietnam era Tigerstripe is a variant of Lizard.[45]
Ukrainian Army camouflage used since 2014, replacing the Dubok camo that was developed in 1980 and in service since 1984.[48][49]
Ukraine though now has multiple patterns that it received from NATO and other western partners since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Ukraine uses blue and yellow markings on the uniform to prevent friendly fire.
NFP Green, Standard issued camouflage since 2019 in the Royal Netherlands Army .[50][51] This camouflage is designed to be used in green areas, woods, and urban areas in Europe.
Three additional colour variations are in use and are shown below. An arctic version of the NFP is being considered.[52]
It is used for packs and load carriage equipment. The fabric being courser, it is difficult to incorporate all the details. I uses therefore less colours than the Tan and the Green, and takes mixes both so that they can use it in both environments efficiently enough.[53]
The Latvian Land Forces unveiled a new standard camouflage pattern. It uses a similar concept to the Swedish M90 Splinter camo, but with smaller shapes.[56][57]
United States Marine Corps (arid variant shown),[70][71] some U.S. Navy sailors assigned to USMC units, and U.S. Marine Corps JROTC cadets. The temperate variant was used by the Georgian Army in the late 2000s, but has since been replaced by a domestic variant of MultiCam.[72][circular reference]
The pattern was designed by the Technical Section of the Army[fr]. The base colour is the one used on all new French vehicles, "Brown French Soil" (Brun Terre de France).
This pattern is used by the "Alpine Rangers"[90] (Chasseurs Alpins). It uses the same pattern as the BME but with a white background, light gray spots, and small patches made of a darker colour based on a humid trunk.[91]
British Armed Forces,[94] it is a combination of the Army's previous camouflage, DPM and MultiCam. It is supposedly more effective than MultiCam itself, due to the integration of more natural and fluid shapes of the DPM pattern.[95]
Only used for missions abroad, such as in arid countries (Mali), it can also be used in missions abroad in summer in countries such as Kosovo (Swisscoy as part of KFOR) or in South Korea (NNSC mission).
This camouflage will be the standard one for the new personal equipment of the Swiss Army (MBAS armament program).
The pattern is based on the TAZ 90, and the black colour was replaced by a light brown, and is also designed to provide multispectral stealth properties (IR and radar).
The Bundeswehr is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Bundeswehr is divided into a military part and a civil part, the military part consisting of the German Army, the German Navy, the German Air Force, the Joint Support Service, the Joint Medical Service, and the Cyber and Information Domain Service.
The Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU) is a U.S. arid-environment camouflage battle uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces from the early 1980s to the early to mid 1990s, most notably during the Persian Gulf War. Although the U.S. military has long since abandoned the pattern, it is still in widespread use by militaries across the world as of the early 2020s.
Flecktarn is a family of three-, four-, five- or six-color disruptive camouflage patterns, the most common being the five-color pattern, consisting of dark green, grey-green, red brown, and black over a light green or tan base depending on the manufacturer. The original German five-color pattern was designed for use in European temperate woodland terrain. A three-color variation called Tropentarn is intended for arid and desert conditions; the German Bundeswehr wore it in Afghanistan.
MARPAT is a multi-scale camouflage pattern in use with the United States Marine Corps, designed in 2001 and introduced from late 2002 to early 2005 with the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform (MCCUU), which replaced the Camouflage Utility Uniform. Its design and concept are based on the Canadian CADPAT pattern. The pattern is formed of small rectangular pixels of color. In theory, it is a far more effective camouflage than standard uniform patterns because it mimics the dappled textures and rough boundaries found in natural settings. It is also known as the "digital pattern" or "digi-cammies" because of its micropattern (pixels) rather than the old macropattern.
The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) is the current combat uniform worn by the United States Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Space Force. Within U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force, it is referred to as the OCP Uniform, rather than the Army Combat Uniform.
A combat uniform, also called field uniform, battledress or military fatigues, is a casual type of uniform used by military, police, fire and other public uniformed services for everyday fieldwork and combat duty purposes, as opposed to dress uniforms worn in functions and parades. It generally consists of a jacket, trousers and shirt or T-shirt, all cut to be looser and more comfortable than more formal uniforms. Design may depend on regiment or service branch, e.g. army, navy, air force, marines, etc. In the army branches, fabrics tend to come in camouflage, disruptive pattern or else green, brown or khaki monochrome, in order to approximate the background and make the soldier less visible in nature. In Western dress codes, field uniform is considered equivalent to civilian casual wear. As such, field uniform is considered less formal than service dress uniform, generally aimed at office or staff use, as well as mess dress uniform, and full dress uniform.
Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) is the commonly used name of a camouflage pattern used by the British Armed Forces as well as many other armed forces worldwide, particularly in former British colonies.
Tiger stripe is the name of a group of camouflage patterns developed for close-range use in dense jungle during jungle warfare by the South Vietnamese Armed Forces and adopted in late 1962 to early 1963 by US Special Forces during the Vietnam War. During and after the Vietnam War, the pattern was adopted by several other Asian countries. It derives its name from its resemblance to a tiger's stripes and were simply called "tigers." It features narrow stripes that look like brush-strokes of green and brown, and broader brush-strokes of black printed over a lighter shade of olive or khaki. The brush-strokes interlock rather than overlap, as in French Lizard pattern (TAP47) from which it apparently derives.
MultiCam is a camouflage pattern designed for use in a wide range of environments and conditions which was specifically developed and is produced by American company Crye Precision. As a result of the pattern's effectiveness across disparate environments and regions, it has found extensive adoption globally. Variants of it, some unlicensed, are in use with armed forces worldwide, particularly with special operations units.
The Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) is an arid-environment camouflage uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces from the mid-1990s to the early 2010s. In terms of pattern and textile cut, it is identical to the U.S. military's Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) uniform, but features a three-color desert camouflage pattern of dark brown, pale olive green, and beige, as opposed to the four-color woodland pattern of the BDU. It replaced the previous Desert Battle Dress Uniform (DBDU) which featured a six-color "chocolate chip" pattern of beige, pale olive green, two tones of brown, and black and white rock spots. Although completely phased out of frontline use in the U.S. Armed Forces, some pieces and equipment printed in the DCU camouflage pattern are used in limited numbers such as MOPP suits and/or vests.
The Kamuflirovannyy Letniy Maskirovochnyy Kombinezon or KLMK is a military uniform with a camouflage pattern developed in 1968 by the Soviet Union to overcome the widespread use of night vision optics and devices by NATO countries. This one-piece camouflage suit became one of the most widely used in the Soviet Union.
The Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) is a digital military camouflage pattern formerly used by the United States Army in their Army Combat Uniform. Technicians at Natick Soldier Systems Center attempted to devise a uniform pattern that would mask the wearer in all seasonal environments. Laboratory and field tests from 2003 to 2004 showed a pattern named "All-Over-Brush" to provide the best concealment of the patterns tested. All-Over-Brush was selected as the winner over ten other patterns. The disadvantage of an all-in-one pattern is that it is a combination of what is effective in many different environments and is less effective in a particular environment when compared to a specialized coloration designed specifically for that environment. The winning All-Over-Brush pattern was not used as the final UCP. Instead, U.S. Army leadership utilized pixellated images taken from Canadian CADPAT and US Marine Corps MARPAT, then recolored them based on three universal colors developed in the Army's 2002-2004 tests, to be called the UCP. While the pixelated pattern of the UCP is similar to the MARPAT and CADPAT camouflage patterns used by the United States Marine Corps and the Canadian Armed Forces, its coloration differs significantly. The final UCP was then adopted without field testing against other patterns.
The lizard pattern is a family of many related designs of military camouflage pattern, first used by the French Army on uniforms from 1947 to the late 1980s. It was based on the British paratroopers' Denison smock. The use of the pattern is widespread in Africa, despite its association with France, because armed factions and militaries tend to obtain them from whichever source has it available.
The U.S. Woodland is a camouflage pattern that was used as the default camouflage pattern issued to the United States Armed Forces from 1981, with the issue of the Battle Dress Uniform, until its replacement in the mid to late 2000s. It is a four color, high contrast disruptive pattern with irregular markings in green, brown, sand and black. It is also known unofficially by its colloquial moniker of "M81" after the Battle Dress Uniform it was first used on, though this term was not officially used by the U.S. military.
The Camouflage Central-Europe is the standard camouflage pattern of the French Armed Forces.
Frog Skin, also known as Duck Hunter, is a battledress camouflage pattern with mottle and disruptive coloration to blend into the environment similar to a frog's crypsis skin.
The M/84 camouflage pattern, is the former camouflage pattern of the Danish military. The M/84 is a derivative of the Flecktarn B pattern produced by the German firm Marquardt & Schulz. Using the same shapes and pattern, the number of colours was changed from 5 to 3 – choosing olive green, light green and black to better match the colouration of the Danish woodland environment.
The Netherlands Fractal Pattern (NFP) was developed as a collaboration project between the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and the Dutch Ministry of Defence in order to replace all the camouflage patterns in use by the Dutch military.
EMR ; or Universal Camouflage Colourway in English, is a military camouflage pattern in use by the Russian Armed Forces. It is sometimes referred to by the unofficial nicknames RUSPAT, Tetris, Tsifra and Digital Flora. EMR camouflage is the standard camouflage pattern of the Russian Military's VKBO All-Season Uniform.
Flora is a military camouflage pattern formerly used by the Russian Armed Forces. It was adopted in 1998 and was replaced in service in 2009 by EMR camouflage.
References
↑ Brayley, Martin J. (2009). Camouflage Uniforms: International Combat Dress, 1940–2010. Ramsbury: Crowood. ISBN978-1-84797-137-1.
↑ Richardson, Francis. (1945). "Camouflage Fabrics both Plain and Printed for Military Use by the German SS and German Army." Reprinted in: Borsarello, J.F. (Ed.). (1990?). SS & Wehrmacht Camouflage, ISO Publications; London.
1 2 "Lizard". Camopedia. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
↑ "Tunisia". Camopedia. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Baumbach, Johannes (2012). Sparks, Emma (ed.). Advances in Military Textiles and Personal Equipment. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. pp.80–81. ISBN978-1845696993.
↑ McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nded.). Kent, UK: Grange Books. p.27. ISBN1-84013-476-3. Trooper, AATTV, Vietnam 1970 ... wears the 'Tigerstripe' pattern of camouflage, which became a virtual signature of Allied Special Forces during the war
↑ Johnson, Richard Denis (1999). Tiger Patterns: A Guide to the Vietnam War's Tigerstripe Combat Fatigue Patterns and Uniforms. Schiffer Pub Ltd. ISBN978-0-7643-0756-0.
↑ Królikowski, Hubert (2001). "Barwa". Specjalna Formacja Wojskowa GROM im. Ciechociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej (in Polish). Gdański Dom Wydawniczy. p.133. ISBN83-915131-0-6.
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