List of names of Odin

"Ygg" redirects here; not to be confused with YGG.

Odin the Wanderer (the meaning of his name Gangleri); illustration by Georg von Rosen, 1886

Odin (Old Norse Óðinn) is a widely attested god in Germanic mythology. The god is referred to by numerous names and kenningar, particularly in the Old Norse record.

List

List

Name (Old Norse)	Name (anglicized)	Meaning	Sources
Aldafaðr or Aldafǫðr		Father of mankind [1]	Óðins nǫfn (1), Vafþrúðnismál (4, 53)
Aldagautr		Man-Gautr [1]	Baldrs draumar (2)
Alfǫðr	Alfodr	All-father [2]	Gylfaginning , Skáldskaparmál , Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (2)
Algingautr		The aged Gautr	The Icelandic rune poem (4)
Angan Friggjar		Delight of Frigg	Vǫluspá (54)
Arnhǫfði		The one with the eagle's head [3]	Óðins nǫfn (2)
Atriðr, Atriði		Attacker [4]	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (1)
Asagrim (< *Ásagrimmr) [a]		Lord of the Aesir	Stolt Herr Alf
Auðunn (?< *Auðvin)		Wealth-friend (cf. O.E. Ēadwine, Lgb. Audoin)	Óðins nǫfn (1)
Bági ulfs		Enemy of the wolf	Sonatorrek (24)
Baldrs faðir		Baldr's father	Lausavísa from Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa [6]
Báleygr	Baleyg	The one with flaming eyes [7]	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (47), Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld's Hákonardrápa (6), Gísl Illugason's Erfikvæði um Magnús berfœtt (1), þulur , Óðins nǫfn (6), Grettisrímur V (61)
Biflindi [8]		The one with the painted shield	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (6)
Bileygr	Bileyg	The one with poor sight [9]	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (5)
Blindi, Blindr		The blind one [10]	Gylfaginning, Helgakviða Hundingsbana II (prose)
Brúni		The one with bushy eyebrows (perh.) / the brown one (less likely; q.v. Brúnn) [11] [12] [13]	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Brúnn		The brown one (prob.) / var. of Brúni (perh.) [11] [13] [14]	Óðins nǫfn (7)
Bǫðgæðir (attested in its genitive form bǫðgœðis)		Battle-promoter	A verse by Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson, Skáldskaparmál
Bǫlverkr		Evil-doer, malefactor [15]	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Hávamál (109), Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Bors niðr (Bors niðjar)		Bor's son	A verse by Egill Skallagrímsson (Lv 23, V), Egils saga
Bragi		Chieftain, lord [16]	Hǫfuðlausn (31)
Bróðir Vilis, Bróðir Vilja		Vili's brother	Sonatorrek (23)
Burs arfþegi		Bor's heir	Hyndluljóð 30
Byrlindi		Distorted version of: Biflindi [17]	Sturlaugsrímur III (50)
Darraðr, Dorruðr [18]		Spearman
Draugadróttinn		Lord of the undead / Lord of ghosts [19]	Ynglinga saga (Ch 7)
Dresvarpr		Fervor-/slander- thrower (?) [20]	Óðins nǫfn (2)
Eylúðr		The ever-booming	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Faðmbyggvir Friggjar [18]		Dweller in Frigg's embrace
Farmagnuðr, Farmǫgnuðr		Journey-empowerer	Háleygjatal (2), Skáldskaparmál
Farmaguð, Farmatýr	Farmagud, Farmatyr	God of burdens [21]	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (2)
Farmr galga		Gallows' burden
Fengr		Catch; catcher; the one who leads the fallen heroes to Valhalla [22]	Óðins nǫfn (2)
Fimbulþulr [b]	Fimbulthul	Mighty thulr; mighty speaker, mighty wise one [23]	Hávamál (80, 142)
Fimbultýr	Fimbultyr	Mighty god [23]	Vǫluspá (60)
Fjallgeiguðr		Shape-god	Óðins nǫfn (2)
Fjǫlnir [c]	Fjolnir	The one who knows much (perh.) [24]	Grímnismál (47), Reginsmál (18), Gylfaginning (3, 20), many skaldic poems, þulur, Óðins nǫfn (2), Skíðaríma (91, 174)
Fjǫlsviðr	Fjolsvid, Fjolsvin	The very wise one [25]	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (2)
Fornǫlvir		Heathen ǫlvir [26]	Óðins nǫfn (2)
Fráríðr, Fráríði		The one riding away [27]	Óðins nǫfn (2), Grettisrímur III (1), Sturlaugsrímur VI (47)
Fundinn [d]		The found one [28]	Óláfsrímur Tryggvasonar A III (1)
Gagnráðr, Gangráðr	Gagnrad, Gangrad	The one who advises against [29]	Vafþrúðnismál (8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17)
Gangleri [e]		The walk-weary one [30] [31]	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (3)
Gautatýr	Gautatyr	Gautland-god [32]	Skáldskaparmál, Eyvindr skáldaspillir's Hákonarmál (1)
Gautr, Gauti [f]	Gaut	Gotlander [32]	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (1), Friðþjófsrímur , Skíðaríma , Landrésrímur , Hjálmþérsrímur , Geiplur , Bjarkarímur , Griplur , Þrændlur , Skáldhelgarímur , Blávusrímur , Geirarðsrímur , Vǫlsungsrímur
Geirlǫðnir		The one who invites to the spear-battle [33]	Óðins nǫfn (3)
Geirǫlnir		Spear-charger	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Geirtýr		Gore-/spear- god
Geirvaldr		Gore-/spear- master
Ginnarr		Deceiver	Óðins nǫfn (1)
Gizurr [g]		Riddler	Óðins nǫfn (1)
Gestumblindi		Blind guest	Hervarar saga (10), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (7)
Glapsviðr	Glapsvid, Glapsvin	Swift in deceit, swift tricker, maddener, wise in magical spells	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3)
Godan/Goden		(Lombard var. of Odin)	Foulke (2003 [1974]:315–17)
Goði hrafnblóts		Goði of the raven-offering
Goðjaðarr		God-protector	Sonatorrek (23)
Gǫllnir		Yeller	Óðins nǫfn (3)
Gollorr		Yeller	Óðins nǫfn (1)
Gǫllungr		Yeller	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Gǫndlir [h]	Gondlir	Wand-Bearer, Wand-Wielder	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (3)
Gramr Hliðskjálfar		King of Hliðskjálf
Grímnir	Grimnir	Hooded, masked one	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (introduction, 47, 49), Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld's lausavísur (9), Eilífr Goðrúnarson's Þórsdrápa (3), Húsdrápa (1), Rǫgnvaldr kali Kolsson's lausavísur (7), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (1)
Grímr	Grim	Mask	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46, 47), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (3, 7)
Gunnblindi		Battle-blinder	Óðins nǫfn (8)
Hagvirkr		Skillful worker	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hangadróttinn		Lord of the hanged [34]	Ynglinga saga (Ch 7)
Hangaguð, Hangatýr	Hangagud, Hangatyr	God of the hanged	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál
Hangi		Hanged one
Haptabeiðir		Commander of leaders
Haptaguð	Haptagud	God of prisoners	Gylfaginning
Haptasnytrir		Teacher of gods
Haptsǫnirî		Fetter-loosener
Hárbarðr	Harbard	Hoary-beard, grey-beard	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Hárbardsljód , þulur, Óðins nǫfn (3)
Hárr	Har	High	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (2)
Harri Hliðskjálfar		Lord of Hliðskjálf
Hávi	Havi	High one	Hávamál (109, 111, 164), Óðins nǫfn (4)
Heimþinguðr hanga		Visitor of the hanged
Helblindi [i]		Hel-blinder	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46)
Hengikeptr, Hengikjopt		Hang-jaw	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Herblindi		Host-blinder	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Herfǫðr, Herjafǫðr	Herfodr, Herjafodr	Father of hosts	Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (29, 43), Vafthrúdnismál (2), Grímnismál (19, 25, 26), Óðins nǫfn (5)
Hergautr		Host Gautr
Herjan		Warrior, harrier, lord, leader of hosts	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (2), Vǫluspá (31)
Herteitr	Herteit	Glad of war	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3)
Hertýr	Hertyr	Host-Týr or god of hosts	Skáldskaparmál
Hildolfr		Battle-wolf
Hjaldrgegnir		Engager of battle
Hjaldrgoð		God of battle
Hjálmberi	Hjalmberi	Helmet-bearer	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (2)
Hjarrandi		Screamer	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hléfreyr		Famous-/barrow- lord	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Hleifruðr		Wayfinder	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hnikarr	Hnikar	Overthrower, thruster	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Reginsmál (18, 19), Óðins nǫfn (2)
Hnikuðr	Hnikud	Overthrower	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (1)
Hoárr		One-eyed
Hǫtter		Hatter, hat-wearer
Hovi		High one
Hrafnaguð, Hrafnáss	Hrafnagud	Raven god	Gylfaginning (38)
Hrafnfreistuðr		Raven-tester
Hrami		Fetterer, ripper	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hrani		Blusterer	Latin inscription, Hrólfs saga kraka
Hrjóðr		Roarer	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hroptr, Hroptatýr	Hropt, Hroptatyr	Sage [j]	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Hákonarmál (14), Úlfr Uggason's Húsdrápa (8), Hávamál (160), Grímnismál (54), Sigrdrífumál (13), Óðins nǫfn (2, 3, 5), Vǫluspá (62)
Hrosshársgrani		Horse-hair moustache	Gautreks saga , Óðins nǫfn (4)
Hvatmóðr		Courage of the whet-stone	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Hveðrungr		Roarer or weather-maker	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Ítrekr		Glorious ruler	Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks < [k]
Jafnhárr	Jafnhar	Evenhigh, just-as-high, equally high	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Jalfaðr		Yellow-brown back
Jálg, Jálkr	Jalk	Horse, gelding [36] [37]	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49, 54), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Járngrímr		Iron-mask
Jólnir, Jǫlnir		Yule figure	Óðins nǫfn (7)
Jolfr		Horse-wolf, bear
Jǫlfuðr, Jǫlfǫðr		Yule father	Óðins nǫfn (8)
Jǫrmunr		The mighty one, cosmic	Óðins nǫfn (8)
Kjalarr	Kjalar	Keel, nourisher	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (1)
Langbarðr	Langbard	Long-beard	þulur, Óðins nǫfn (7)
Lǫndungr, Loðungr		Shaggy-cloak–wearer	Óðins nǫfn (7)
Niðr Bors		Bor's kin
Njótr		User, enjoyer; or needed one	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Odin		Frenzy, rage, inspiration
Ófnir		Inciter	Óðins nǫfn (7)
Olgr		Protector, hawk	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Ómi	Omi	Resounding one	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Óski	Oski	God of wishes, wished-for	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Rauðgrani		Red mustache	Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss 18, [38] Ǫrvar-Odds saga 19ff. [39]
Reiðartýr		Wagon-god or god of riders
Rǫgnir		Chief, he who reigns	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Rúnatýr		God of runes
Runni vagna		Mover of constellations
Saðr	Sadr, Sann	Truthful, sooth	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Sanngetall		Finder of truth	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Síðgrani	Sidgrani	Long-beard	Alvíssmál (6)
Síðhǫttr [l]	Sidhott	Broad-hat	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (4)
Síðskeggr	Sidskegg	Long-beard	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sigðir		Victory-granter / victory-bringer	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sigfǫðr	Sigfodr	Father of victory, war-father	Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (54), Grímnismál (48), Óðins nǫfn (4)
Siggautr		Victory-Gautr	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sigrhǫfundr		Victory-author	Sonatorrek (22)
Sigmundr		Victory-protection	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sigrúnnr		Victory-tree
Sigtryggr		Sure of victory, victory-true	Óðins nǫfn (8)
Sigtýr [m]	Sigtyr	God of victory, war-god	Skáldskaparmál, Atlakviða (30), Glúmr Geirason's Gráfeldardrápa (12)
Sigþrór		Successful in victory, thriving in victory	Óðins nǫfn (8)
Skilfingr	Skilfing	Trembler or he of Hliðskjálf	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Skollvaldr		Ruler of treachery	Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sonr Bestlu		Son of Bestla
Spjalli Gauta		Friend of the Goths	Sonatorrek (21)
Sváfnir [n]	Svafnir	Sleep-bringer, closer	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (4) [o] [40]
Sveigðir		Reed-bringer [p]
Sviðarr	Svidar		Gylfaginning
Sviðrir	Svidrir	Calmer	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (50), Óðins nǫfn (6)
Sviðuðr			Óðins nǫfn (4)
Sviðurr	Svidur	Wise one	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (50), Óðins nǫfn (6)
Svipall		Changing, fleeting; or shape-shifter	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (47), Óðins nǫfn (3)
Svǫlnir	Svolnir	Cooler	Skáldskaparmál, Óðins nǫfn (6)
Tveggi		Double, twofold	Óðins nǫfn (8) Vǫluspá (63)
Tvíblindi	Tviblindi	Twice-blind	þulur, Óðins nǫfn (4)
Þekkr	Thekk	Known, welcome one	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Þrasarr		Quarreler	Óðins nǫfn (4)
Þriði	Thridi	Third	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (5)
Þriggi		Triple
Þrór	Thror	Burgeoning, thriving	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Þróttr	Thrott	Strength	Glymdrápa (2)
Þuðr	Thud, Thunn	Lean, pale	Gylfaginning, Óðins nǫfn (7)
Þundr	Thund	Thunderer	Gylfaginning, Hávamál (145), Grímnismál (46, 54), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Uðr	Ud, Unn [q]	Loved, beloved, striver	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (46), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Váfuðr	Vafud	Wanderer	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Grímnismál (54)
Váfuðr Gungnis		Swinger of Gungnir
Váði vitnis		Foe of the wolf
Vakr	Vak	Wakeful, awakener	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (54), Óðins nǫfn (7)
Valdr galga		Ruler of gallows
Valdr vagnbrautar		Ruler of Heaven
Valfǫðr	Valfodr	Father of the slain	Gylfaginning, Vǫluspá (1, 27, 28), Grímnismál (48), þulur, Óðins nǫfn (5)
Valgautr	Valgaut	Slaughter-Gautr, Geat of the slain	Skáldskaparmál, Óðins nǫfn (8)
Valkjosandi		Chooser of the slain
Valtamr, Valtam		Slain-tame, the warrior
Valtýr		God of the slain
Valþognir		Receiver of the slain
Vegtam		Wanderer or way-tame	Baldrs draumar (6, 13)
Veratýr	Veratyr	God of men, god of being	Gylfaginning, Óðins nǫfn (8)
Viðfräger		Wide-famed
Viðrir	Vidrir	Stormer	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Lokasenna (26) Hrafnagaldr Óðins (9)
Viðrímnir, Viðhrimnir		Contrary screamer or wide hoary-beard	Óðins nǫfn (1)
Viðurr	Vidur	Killer	Gylfaginning, Grímnismál (49), Óðins nǫfn (6), Karlevi Runestone
Vingnir		Swinger	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Vinr Lopts		Friend of Loptr
Vinr Lóðurs		Friend of Lóðurr
Vinr Míms		Friend of Mímir	Sonatorrek (23)
Vinr stalla		Friend of altars
Vófuðr		Dangler	Óðins nǫfn (5)
Vǫlundr rómu		Smith of battle
Yggr	Ygg	Terrible one	Gylfaginning, Skáldskaparmál, Vǫluspá (28), Grímnismál (53, 54), Óðins nǫfn (8)
Ýjungr, Ýrungr		Stormy or of the primal streams	Óðins nǫfn (8)

In Old English, Odin was known as Wōden; in Old Saxon, as Wōdan; and in Old High German, as Wuotan or Wōtan. ^[41]

See also

• List of names of Thor
• List of names of Freyr
• List of kennings
• Mercurius Cimbrianus
• Names of God in Old English poetry
• Godan and Wodan

Sources

• Foulke, William Dudley (Trans.) (2003) [1974]. Edward Peters (ed.). History of the Lombards. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   978-0812210798.
• Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1996). The Poetic Edda. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford / New York: Oxford University. ISBN   0192839462.
• Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford / New York: Oxford University. ISBN   0195153820.
• Simek, Rudolf (2007) [1993]. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. Translated by Angela Hall. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. ISBN   0859913694.

Notes

1. The use of grimmR and the later form grim in the sense "lord" has only a few occurrences from Sweden. In extant Icelandic material, grimmr only appears as an adjective with the meaning "heartless", "strict" and "wicked", which can be compared with the use of adjective gramr ("wrath") as a name for "lord"; see entry for grimmR in the (Nottingham) Runic Dictionary. ^[5]
2. Also the name of a river, one of the Élivágar.
3. Also the name of a mythological king of Sweden, Fjǫlnir.
4. According to Rudolf Simek, it is unclear if this refers to Odin. See Simek (2007), p. 96.
5. Also an assumed name used by Gylfi.
6. Also the name of a member of a defunct Scandinavian nation, one of the Geats.
7. Also the name of a Geatish king, Gizurr.
8. "Geldnir" in some manuscripts.
9. Also the name of a brother of Loki.
10. The meaning is disputed; Lindow (2001:185) notes Magnus Olsen's argument that "Hroptr" is associated with Odin's seductions, since in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum , he takes the name Rofterus when seducing Rind; Larrington (1996:12) translates Hroptr as "sage" in Vǫluspá.
11. Inferred to be a name of Odin from Ítreksjóð , 'offspring of Ítrekr', in a list of Odin's sons in the Eddaic þulur . See (Burrows, 2014). ^[35]
12. "Sidhofr" in other manuscripts.
13. The plural sigtívar refers to the gods in many Eddic poems.
14. Also the name of a serpent found in the wellspring of Hvergelmir.
15. The root svaf- is an Indo-European cognate to words meaning sleep (Greek hypnos; Latin sopor, sopio, somnus; etc.)
16. See: the story of Vikarr.
17. Also the name of one of the nine daughters of Ægir.

References

1. Simek (2007:7)
2. Simek (2007:8).
3. Simek (2007:18).
4. Simek (2007:12).
5. "grimmR". Runic Dictionary. University of Nottingham. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022.
6. Townend, Matthew (2 July 2012). "Anonymous Lausavísur, Lausavísur from Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa 1". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. p. 1076. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022– via skaldic.org.
7. Simek (2007:36).
8. Simek (2007:32).
9. Simek (2007:37).
10. Simek (2007:38).
11. Simek (2007:46).
12. Gurevich, Elena (2017). "Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 6". In Gade, Kari Ellen; Marold, Edith (eds.). Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Vol. 3. Brepols. p. 746 – via The Skaldic Project.
13. Falk, Hjalmar (1924). Odensheite (in Norwegian). Kristiana: I kommission hos J. Dybwad. p. 5.
14. Gurevich, Elena (2017). "Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 7". In Gade, Kari Ellen; Marold, Edith (eds.). Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Vol. 3. Brepols. p. 748 – via The Skaldic Project.
15. Simek (2007:40).
16. Simek (2007:43).
17. Finnur Jónsson (1926–28). Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne bósarimur, pp. 51–51. København: J. Jørgensen & Co.
18. Blumetti, Robert. (2019). The Norse Gods and Their Myths, p. 130
19. Heimskringla I (2011) Ch. 7, pp.10.
20. "Þul Óðins 2^III/1 — Dresvarpr". The Skaldic Project. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
21. Simek (2007:78).
22. Simek (2007:79).
23. Simek (2007:83).
24. Simek (2007:84-85).
25. Simek (2007:85).
26. Simek (2007:88).
27. Simek (2007:89).
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29. Simek (2007:97 & 99).
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31. Gurevich, Elena (2017). "Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 3". In Gade, Kari Ellen; Marold, Edith (eds.). Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Vol. 3. Brepols. p. 739 – via The Skaldic Project.
32. Simek (2007:100).
33. Simek (2007:102).
34. Heimskringla I (2011) Ch. 7, pp.10.
35. Burrows, Hannah (2014). "Wit and Wisdom: The Worldview of the Old Norse-Icelandic Riddles and Their Relationship to Eddic Poetry". In Chase, Martin (ed.). Eddic, Skaldic, and Beyond: Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway. New York: Fordham University. p. 122. ISBN   9780823257812.
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37. "Old Norse Dictionary - Jálkr". Cleasby & Vigfusson - Old Norse Dictionary. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
38. ed. Þórhallur Vilmundarson/Bjarni Vilhjálmsson, Íslenzk fornrit 13, Reykjavík 1991, p. 163
39. ed. Guðni Jónsson, Fornaldar sǫgur Norðurlanda 2, Reykjavík 1954, pp. 279ff.
40. Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Routledge. p. 527. ISBN   978-1-884964-98-5.
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Further reading

• Böldl, Klaus (2013). "Odin: Der Gott Der Vielen Namen". Götter und Mythen des Nordens: ein Handbuch (in German). Beck. ISBN   978-3-406-65219-6. OCLC   901930521.

External links

• MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository) Illustrations of Bǫlverkr from manuscripts and early print books.