List of electrical characteristics of single collision domain segment "slow speed" network buses:
Name | Multidrop | Max nodes | Electrical type | Cable type | Max bitrate [ kbit/s ] | Length at max bitrate | Max length [m] | Bitrate at max length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EIA-485 (UART based) | Y | 256 | EIA-485 | Twisted pair | 1000 kbit/s | 1330 m | 64 kbit/s | |
SCSI-1/2 | Y | 8 | Open collector | Ribbon cable | 20 000 kbit/s | 3 m | 6 m | 5 Mbit/s/ch |
SCSI Ultra2 | Y | 16 | Differential | Ribbon cable with twisted pairs | 40 000 kbit/s | 12 m | ||
LIN [1] | Y | 16 | Open collector | open collector with pull-up to 12V car supply | 19.2 kbit/s | 40 m | ||
SIOX | Y | 62 | 19.2 kbit/s | |||||
I²C | Y | 127 or 1023 | Open collector | 5000 kbit/s | 7.6 m | |||
SMBus | Y | 128 | Open collector | 100 kbit/s | ||||
PMBus | Y | 128 | Open collector | 400 kbit/s | ||||
10BASE5 | Y | 100 | Single ended | RG-8X coaxial | 10 000 kbit/s | 500 m | 500 m | |
10BASE2 | Y | 30 | Single ended | RG-58 coaxial | 10 000 kbit/s | 185 m | 185 m | |
CAN | Y | 128 | ISO 11898-2 Differential | Twisted pair | 1000 kbit/s | 40 m | 1000 m [2] | 50 kbit/s |
DMX512-A | N | 32 | EIA-485 | Twisted pair 120 Ω [3] | 250 kbit/s | 548 m | 548 m (1800ft.) [4] | 250 kbit/s |
DCC | Y | 127 | Single ended | 5 kbit/s | ||||
RS-232 | N | 2 | Single ended | 128 kbit/s | 1.5 m (approx) | 15 m | 19.6 kbit/s | |
PSI5 | Y | Twisted pair | 189 kbit/s | 12 m (approx) | ||||
1-Wire | Y | 248 | Open collector | Single conductor, with ground | 16.3 kbit/s | 300 m | ||
X10 | Y | 256 | Power line | 0.05 kbit/s / 0.06 kbit/s | ||||
FlexRay | Twisted pair | 20 000 kbit/s | ||||||
SENT [5] | N | 2 | Single ended | Single conductor, with 5 V power supply and ground | async. transmission, min. 39.216 kbits/s | 5 m | ||
SPC [6] | Y | 5 | Single ended or | Single conductor, with 5 V power supply and ground, shielded when using higher speeds | sync. and async. transmission, variable up to ~150 kbit/s | ~0.5 m | 5 m | same as SENT |
I3C | Y | 127 | 12 500 kbits/s | |||||
SPI | Y | variable up to ~10000 kbit/s (depends strongly on physical setup) | ||||||
The number of nodes can be limited by either number of available addresses or bus capacitance. None of the above use any analog domain modulation techniques like MLT-3 encoding, PAM-5 etc.
PSI5 designed with automation applications in mind is a bit unusual in that it uses Manchester code.
Ethernet over twisted-pair technologies use twisted-pair cables for the physical layer of an Ethernet computer network. They are a subset of all Ethernet physical layers.
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KNX is an open standard for commercial and residential building automation. KNX devices can manage lighting, blinds and shutters, HVAC, security systems, energy management, audio video, white goods, displays, remote control, etc. KNX evolved from three earlier standards; the European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), BatiBUS, and the European Installation Bus.
A controller area network (CAN) is a vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs). Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts. This broadcast-based, message-oriented protocol ensures data integrity and prioritization through a process called arbitration, allowing the highest priority device to continue transmitting if multiple devices attempt to send data simultaneously, while others back off. Its reliability is enhanced by differential signaling, which mitigates electrical noise. Common versions of the CAN protocol include CAN 2.0, CAN FD, and CAN XL which vary in their data rate capabilities and maximum data payload sizes.
DMX512 is a standard for digital communication networks that are commonly used to control lighting and effects. It was originally intended as a standardized method for controlling stage lighting dimmers, which, prior to DMX512, had employed various incompatible proprietary protocols. It quickly became the primary method for linking controllers to dimmers and special effects devices such as fog machines and intelligent lights.
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1-Wire is a wired half-duplex serial bus designed by Dallas Semiconductor that provides low-speed (16.3 kbit/s) data communication and supply voltage over a single conductor.
A vehicle bus is a specialized internal communications network that interconnects components inside a vehicle. In electronics, a bus is simply a device that connects multiple electrical or electronic devices together. Special requirements for vehicle control such as assurance of message delivery, of non-conflicting messages, of minimum time of delivery, of low cost, and of EMF noise resilience, as well as redundant routing and other characteristics mandate the use of less common networking protocols. Protocols include Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and others. Conventional computer networking technologies are rarely used, except in aircraft, where implementations of the ARINC 664 such as the Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet are used. Aircraft that use AFDX include the B787, the A400M and the A380. Trains commonly use Ethernet Consist Network (ECN). All cars sold in the United States since 1996 are required to have an On-Board Diagnostics connector, for access to the car's electronic controllers.
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RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling is balanced, and multipoint systems are supported. The standard is jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA). Digital communications networks implementing the standard can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically noisy environments. Multiple receivers may be connected to such a network in a linear, multidrop bus. These characteristics make RS-485 useful in industrial control systems and similar applications.
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FlexRay is an automotive network communications protocol developed by the FlexRay Consortium to govern on-board automotive computing. It is designed to be faster and more reliable than CAN and TTP, but it is also more expensive. The FlexRay consortium disbanded in 2009, but the FlexRay standard is now a set of ISO standards, ISO 17458-1 to 17458-5.
Remote Device Management(RDM) is an addition to the DMX512 control protocol for stage lighting equipment, introduced in 2006. DMX512 was developed in the late 1980s as a standard protocol for lighting consoles to communicate with dimmers, but has since been used for more complex applications, including the control of intelligent lighting fixtures. The addition of RDM addresses many of the shortcomings of DMX512, which is unidirectional with no support for metadata.
IEEE Standard 1355-1995, IEC 14575, or ISO 14575 is a data communications standard for Heterogeneous Interconnect (HIC).
RS-423, also known as TIA/EIA-423, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. Although it was originally intended as a successor to RS-232C offering greater cable lengths, it is not widely used.
The Serial Low-power Inter-chip Media Bus (SLIMbus) is a standard interface between baseband or application processors and peripheral components in mobile terminals. It was developed within the MIPI Alliance, founded by ARM, Nokia, STMicroelectronics and Texas Instruments. The interface supports many digital audio components simultaneously, and carries multiple digital audio data streams at differing sample rates and bit widths.
The SAE J2716 SENT protocol is a point-to-point scheme for transmitting signal values from a sensor to a vehicle controller. It is intended to allow for transmission of high resolution data with a low system cost.
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