List of rulers of Malwa

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Following is a list of rulers of Malwa since the Janpada Kingdoms:

Contents

Malwa in 1780 Malwa Map.jpg
Malwa in 1780

Bhil Dynasty (1400 BCE – 1113 BCE)

Bhil queen Doshra was allegedly the ruler of Malwa state comprising a large portion of the present - day western and central Madhya Pradesh, and parts of southeastern Rajasthan and northern Maharashtra, whose ansestors had ruled Malwa for 289 years. [1]

Malava dynasty (c. 1113 – 840 BCE)

Dhanna Bhil dynasty (c. 840 – 400 BCE)

Bhil King Dhanna and his descendants dynasty ruled Malwa before feudatories to Malavas until 400s BCE.

. The descendants of Raja Dhanna Bhil challenged the ruler of Delhi in 730 BC. The last ruler of the Bhil dynasty was Putraaj. [5] [6]

Malwa under Magadha dynasties

Magadha dynesties expansion Magadha Expansion 1.gif
Magadha dynesties expansion

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE)

Rulers-
List of Haryanka dynasty rulers
RulerReign (BCE)
Bimbisara 544–491 BCE
Ajatashatru 491–461 BCE
Udayin 461–428 BCE
Anirudha428–419 BCE
Munda419–417 BCE
Darshaka417–415 BCE
Nāgadāsaka 415–413 BCE

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE)

Rulers-
List of Shishunga dynasty rulers
RulerReign (BCE)
Shishunaga 413–395 BCE
Kalashoka 395–377 BCE
Kshemadharman377–365 BCE
Kshatraujas365–355 BCE
Nandivardhana 355–349 BCE
Mahanandin 349–345 BCE

Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE)

Rulers-
List of Nanda dynasty rulers
RulerReign (BCE)
Mahapadma Nanda 345–340 BCE
Pandukananda340–339 BCE
Pandugatinanda339–338 BCE
Bhutapalananda338–337 BCE
Rashtrapalananada337–336 BCE
Govishanakananda336–335 BCE
Dashasiddhakananda335–334 BCE
Kaivartananda334–329 BCE
Dhana Nanda 329–322 BCE

Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 185 BCE)

Rulers-
RulerReignNotes
Chandragupta Maurya Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.png 322–297 BCEFounder of first Indian united empire.
Bindusara I42 1karshapana Maurya Bindusara MACW4165 1ar (8486583162).jpg 297–273 BCEKnown for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of Vidarbh revolt.
Ashoka Ashoka's visit to the Ramagrama stupa Sanchi Stupa 1 Southern gateway.jpg 268–232 BCEGreatest emperor of dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for Kalinga war victory.
Dasharatha Maurya Dasaratha Maurya inscription on entrance of Vadathika cave.jpg 232–224 BCEGrandson of Ashoka.
Samprati 224–215 BCEBrother of Dasharatha.
Shalishuka Mauryan Empire. temp. Salisuka or later. Circa 207-194 BC.jpg 215–202 BCE
Devavarman 202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan 195–187 BCEThe Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha 187–184 BCEAssassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE.

Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE)

Rulers-
List of Shunga dynasty rulers
RulerReign (BCE)
Pushyamitra Shunga 185–149 BCE
Agnimitra 149–141 BCE
Vasujyeshtha 141–131 BCE
Vasumitra 131–124 BCE
Bhadraka124–122 BCE
Pulindaka122–119 BCE
Ghosha119–108 BCE
Vajramitra108–94 BCE
Bhagabhadra 94–83 BCE
Devabhuti 83–73 BCE

Malwa under Andhra-Satavahana Empire (c. 100 BCE – 200 CE)

Himanshu Prabha Ray provides the following chronology, based on archaeological and numismatic evidence: [7]

Malwa under Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)

RulerReignNotes
Heraios Heraios profile.jpg 1–30King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
Kujula Kadphises KujulaKadphisesCoinAugustusImitation.jpg 30–80United the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
Vima Takto Soter Megas Coin of Kushan King Vima Takto.jpg 80–90Alias The Great Saviour. His empire covered northwestern Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
Vima Kadphises WimaKadphises.JPG 90–127The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman Empire.
Kanishka I the Great KanishkaCoin3.JPG 127–144Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain. His conquests and patronage of Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Silk Road, and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara across the Karakoram range to China.
Huvishka KushanCoinage2.jpg 144–191His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
Vasudeva I Coin of the Kushan king Vasudeva I.jpg 191–232He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240.
Kanishka II KanishkaIIObverse.JPG 232–245It is likely he lost part of his empire to the Kushano-Sassanians.
Vashishka Vasishka.jpg 245–250
Kanishka III Dinar of Kanishka III or Vashishka LACMA M.77.56.18 (2 of 2).jpg 250–275
Vasudeva II Coin of VasudevaII.jpg 275–310
Chhu 310–325
Vasudeva III c.300?Kings whose existence is uncertain.
Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V
Shaka Kushan/Shaka I KushanCoinage.jpg 325–350
Kipunada Kipunada.jpg 350–375May have been a subject of Samudragupta from Gupta Empire.

Western Saka dynasty (c. 119 – 395 CE)

Abhira interregnum-

Restored Satraps-

Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 175 – 325 CE)

(Possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd Century).

(May also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga).

(Probably the first king to rule from Padmavati)

Malwa under Gupta Empire (c. 335 – 550 CE)

List of complete Gupt rulers-
RulerReignNotes
Sri-Gupta I Maharaja Sri Gupta inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg 240–290Founder of the dynasty.
Ghatotkacha Maharaja Sri Ghatotkacha inscription on the Allahabad pillar Samudragupta inscription.jpg 290–319
Chandra-Gupta I Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandragupta I on a coin.jpg 319–335His title Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
Samudra-Gupta SamudraguptaCoin.jpg 335–375Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from Ravi River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
Kacha Kachagupta of the Gupta Empire circa AD 335.jpg 4th-centuryRival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with Samudra-Gupta.
Rama-Gupta 375–380
Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg 380–415Continued the expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the Western Kshatrapas, and extended the Gupta empire from the Indus River in the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Narmada River in the south.
Kumara-Gupta I KumaraguptaFightingLion.jpg 415–455He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the east.
Skanda-Gupta Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg 455–467It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
Puru-Gupta 467–472
Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya Kumaragupta II Kramaditya Circa 530-540 CE.jpg 472–479
Buddha-Gupta Budhagupta in Malwa Circa 476-495 CE.jpg 479–496He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns (Hunas) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
Narasimha-Gupta Baladitya Narasinhagupta I Circa 414-455 AD.jpg 496–530
Kumara-Gupta III 530–540
Vishnu-Gupta Candraditya Vishnugupta Candraditya Circa 540-550 CE.jpg 540–550
Bhanu-Gupta ?A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.

Aulikara Empire of Dashapura (c. 300 – 560 CE)

Rulers of First Aulikara dynasty-

Rulers of Second Aulikara dynasty-

Harsha Empire (c. 606–647 CE)

Pratihara Empire (c. 725 – 1036 CE)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 800 – 1305 CE)

According to historical Kailash Chand Jain, "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources." [8]

The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

Malwa Sultanate rule

Ghorids

Khiljis

Qadirid

Shuja'at Khani

Mughal rule

Malwa under Maratha Empire (c. 1713 – 1948 CE)

India 1780 India1760 1905.jpg
India 1780

Territory under Maratha control in 1760 (yellow)

Peshwas region (c. 1713 – 1858 CE)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

Dhar State (c. 1730 – 1947 CE)

Reign startReign endNameBirth-death
17281732Udaji Raje I Pawar
17321736Anand Raje I Pawar(b. ... – died 1749)
17361761, 6 JanuaryYeshwant Raje I Pawar(1724–1761)
1761, 6 January1782Khande Raje Pawar(b. c.1758 – died 1782)
17821807, 10 JuneAnand Raje II Pawar(1782–1807)
1807, Dec1810Ramchandra Raje I Pawar(1807–1810)
1807, Dec1810Maina Bai (f) (regent)
18101833, OctoberRamchandra Raje II Pawar(1805–1833)
1834, 21 April1857, 23 MayYeshwant Raje II Pawar(1823–1857)
1857, 23 May1858, 19 JanAnand Raje III Pawar (1st time)(1844–1898)
1858, 19 Jan1860, 1 Maystate abolished
1860, 1 May1898, 29 JulyAnand Raje III Pawar (2nd time)(1844–1898)
1898, 29 July1926Udaji Raje II Pawar "Baba Sahib"(1886–1926)
19261931Laxmibai Sahiba (f) (regent)
19261989Anand Raje IV Pawar(1920–1989)

Holkar rulers of Indore (c. 1731 – 1948 CE)

British Colonial rule

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Dugar, Nidhi (17 April 2023). 10 Indian Tribes and the Unique Lives They Lead. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. ISBN   978-93-5708-047-7.
  2. ↑ P. K. Basant (2012), The City and the Country in Early India: A Study of Malwa, p.85
  3. ↑ Upinder Singh (2008), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p.227
  4. ↑ Ancient India by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar p.294
  5. ↑ Thompson, Charles S. (1895). Rudiments of the Bhili Language ... United Printing Press.
  6. ↑ Chacko, Pariyaram M. (1 February 2005). Tribal Communities and Social Change. SAGE Publications India. ISBN   978-81-321-0346-2.
  7. ↑ Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). "On the Edge of Empire: Form and Substance in the Satavahana Dynasty". In Alcock, Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (eds.). Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 167. ISBN   9780521770200.
  8. ↑ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329. ISBN   978-81-208-0824-9.
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