Lithophragma parviflorum

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Lithophragma parviflorum
Lithophragma parviflorum 6012.JPG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Saxifragaceae
Genus: Lithophragma
Species:
L. parviflorum
Binomial name
Lithophragma parviflorum

Lithophragma parviflorum is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name smallflower woodland star. It is native to much of western North America from British Columbia to California to South Dakota and Nebraska, where it grows in several types of open habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a naked flowering stem. The leaves are mainly located low on the stem, each cut into three lobes or divided into three lobed leaflets. The stem bears up to 14 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are bright white, up to 1.6 centimeters long, and usually divided into three toothlike lobes.

Contents

Its bulblets may produce toxins capable of poisoning livestock, although rodents eat them with no known adverse effects. [1]

Varieties

The Flora of North America North of Mexico considers L. parviflorum var. trifoliatum to be a separate species endemic to California. [2] But the Jepson Manual considers it to be a variety of L. parviflorum. [3]

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Lithophragma is a genus of flowering plants containing about nine species native to western North America. These plants are known generally as woodland stars. The petals of the flowers are usually bright white with deep, long lobes or teeth. Each petal may look like three to five petals, when at closer inspection the lobes fuse into a single petal at its base. Most species reproduce via bulblets instead of seeds. L. maximum is a federally listed endangered species. Lithophragma specifically coevolved with moths of the genus Greya, who pollinate and only lay eggs on Lithophragma plants.

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<i>Lithophragma affine</i> Species of flowering plant

Lithophragma affine is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name San Francisco woodland star. It is native to the coast of western North America from Oregon to Baja California, where it grows in open habitat on mountain slopes, hills, and canyonsides. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a tall naked flowering stem. The leaves are located on the lower part of the stem, each divided into sharp-pointed lobes. The stem bears up to 15 widely spaced flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are bright white, up to 1.3 centimeters long, and divided into three toothlike lobes at the tips.

Lithophragma bolanderi is a species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known by the common name Bolander's woodland star. It is endemic to California, where it is known from several mountain ranges, including the North Coast Ranges, the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and the San Gabriel Mountains. It grows in many types of open habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect or leaning with a tall naked flowering stem. The leaves are located on the lower part of the stem, each divided into rounded lobes. The stem bears up to 25 flowers, each in a cuplike calyx of red or green sepals. The five petals are white, under one centimeter long, and toothed or smooth along the edges.

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<i>Lithophragma glabrum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Lithophragma maximum</i> Species of flowering plant

Lithophragma maximum, known by the common name San Clemente Island woodland star, is a rare species of flowering plant in the saxifrage family. It is endemic to San Clemente Island, one of the eight Channel Islands of California. It is known from only about four kilometers of rocky coastal cliffs on the edge of the island. The plant was thought to be extinct until a few specimens were rediscovered in 1979. Only 200 individuals were tallied in a 1996 survey. In 1997 the plant was listed as an endangered species on the federal level.

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<i>Trautvetteria</i>

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Lithophragma trifoliatum is a variety of flowering plant in the saxifrage family known from the western slope of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada in California. It is sometimes considered its own species based on the pink, fragrant flowers, the shape of the hypanthium, and other characters. Others consider it to be a sterile variety of L. parviflorum that likely now persists by vegetative reproduction.

References

  1. Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 130. ISBN   0-87842-280-3. OCLC   25708726.
  2. "Flora of North America". eFloras.org. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
  3. "Jepson Manual". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2014-06-03.

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