Lombard regional election, 2010

Lombard regional election, 2010
All 80 seats to the Regional Council of Lombardy
Turnout	64.64% ( 8.33%)
President before election; Roberto Formigoni ; FI/PdL	President-elect; Roberto Formigoni ; PdL

Last updated April 20, 2019

The Lombard regional election of 2010 took place on 28–29 March 2010. The 9th term of the Regional Council was chosen.

Roberto Formigoni, who was the longest-serving President of Region in Italy along with Giancarlo Galan of Veneto, obtained a historic fourth consecutive term. His opponent was Filippo Penati, a Democrat, who was President of the Province of Milan from 2004 to 2009.^[1] The Lombard League, that is to say the regional section of Northern League in Lombardy, backed Formigoni in return of the support granted by The People of Freedom to Lega Nord candidates in Veneto (Luca Zaia) and Piedmont (Roberto Cota).

Roberto Formigoni 8th President of Lombardy

Roberto Formigoni is an Italian politician who was born in Lecco, Italy, on 30 March 1947. He was the President of Lombardy in Italy since 1995 till 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement.

Giancarlo Galan is an Italian politician.

Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fifth in Italy. The region's capital is Venice.

Minor candidates who were running were Savino Pezzotta for the Union of the Centre,^[2] Vito Crimi for Beppe Grillo's movement,^[3] Vittorio Agnoletto for the Communist Refoundation Party and Gianmario Invernizzi for New Force. Marco Cappato for the Italian Radicals did not gain enough signatures to back his candidature.^[4]

Savino Pezzotta is an Italian trade unionist and politician, and the president of the White Rose party.

The Union of the Centre, whose complete name is Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy. Lorenzo Cesa is the party's current secretary; Pier Ferdinando Casini was for years the most recognisable figure and de facto leader of the party, before eventually distancing from it in 2016. The UdC is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International (CDI), of which Casini was president from 2004 to 2015.

Giuseppe Piero "Beppe" Grillo is an Italian comedian, actor, blogger and political activist. He has been involved in politics since 2009 as the co-founder of the Italian Five Star Movement political party.

Electoral law

Lombardy uses national Tatarella Law of 1995 to elect its Council, not having written an own legislation. Sixty-four councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes are grouped at regional level where a Hare quota is used, and then distributed to provincial party lists.

In Italy, a province (provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). From 2015, the provinces were reorganized into "institutional bodies of second level", with the birth of 10 special Metropolitan cities. A further 4 such cities were added later.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various divisor methods.

Sixteen councillors are elected at-large using a general ticket: parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Lombardy. If a coalition wins more than 50% of the total seats in the Council with PR, only 8 candidates from the regional list will be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72; if the winning alliance receives less than 50% of votes, special seats are added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.

At-large is a designation for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body, rather than a subset of that membership. At-large voting is in contrast to voting by electoral districts.

General ticket representation is voting system, analogous to block voting, but where voters elect parties, not candidates. The parties then select their representatives to fill out elected office.

A plurality vote or relative majority describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority. For example, if 100 votes were cast, including 45 for Candidate A, 30 for Candidate B and 25 for Candidate C, then Candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.

Council apportionment

According to the official 2001 Italian census, the 64 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation are so distributed between Lombard provinces.

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	MB	PV	SO	VA	total
7	8	4	2	2	1	3	21	5	4	1	6	64

The allocation is not fixed. Remaining seats and votes after proportional distribution, are all grouped at regional level and divided by party lists. The consequent division of these seats at provincial level usually change the original apportionment. Only 43 seats were directly assigned at provincial level, and the final distribution between provinces changed in this way.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	PV	SO	VA	total
+2	+2	=	=	+1	=	=	+2	-1	+1	=	+7

As it can be seen, the landslide victory of Formigoni's Alliance caused the distribution of seven more seats to the oppositions at provincial level. Bergamo and Brescia received two new seats, Lecco and Milan and Sondrio one each.

The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients: from mountain ranges to coastal cliffs or even underwater, in which case they are called submarine landslides. Gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, but there are other factors affecting slope stability which produce specific conditions that make a slope prone to failure. In many cases, the landslide is triggered by a specific event, although this is not always identifiable.

The Province of Bergamo is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It has a population of 1,112,187 (2017), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 243 comuni. Its capital is the city of Bergamo.

The Province of Brescia is a Province in Lombardy, northern Italy. It has a population of some 1,265,325 and its capital is the city of Brescia.

Controversies on Formigoni's candidature

Formigoni's candidature, which allowed him a 4th mandate, has been contested by academics and left-wing politicians, as in disregard of Law n. 165/2004, that put a limit of two subsequent mandates to directly-elected Region Presidents. Formigoni was indirectly elected in 1995, but then directly elected in 2000 and 2005. He defends himself stating that the law was not in action when he was first directly elected in 2000, so he should be allowed a 4th mandate. After re-election, his mandate may be overturned by judges later on.^[5]^[6]

Formigoni also sparked controversies when agreeing to put in his majority-premium list, granting her safe election, Nicole Minetti, former showgirl and actual dental hygienist of Silvio Berlusconi, who asked for a political seat for her.^[7]

Results

The election led to the return to the guide of the Region, for its fourth consecutive term, Communion and Liberation's Roberto Formigoni, supported by the centre-right coalition.

If the mechanisms of electoral law generated a Regional Council very similar to the incumbent one speaking about coalitions, the most relevant change was the five new seats conquered by the League, which obtained its best performance ever. More, the League was strangely penalized by the electoral law, having conquered fewer seats than as it would be with a proportional representation.

The People of Freedom was confirmed as the largest party in the region with 32% of the vote, despite a decline of three points, while Lega Nord took the 26% and Democratic Party the 23%.

28–29 March 2010 Lombard regional election results
Candidates		Votes	%	Seats	Parties		Votes	%	Seat

	Roberto Formigoni	2,704,364	56.11	8
						The People of Freedom	1,355,133	31.79	23
						Northern League – Lombard League	1,117,227	26.21	18
						The Right	7,008	0.16	–
					Total		2,479,368	58.16	41
	Filippo Penati	1,603,666	33.27	1
						Democratic Party	976,215	22.90	21
						Italy of Values	267,954	6.29	4
						Pensioners' Party	69,932	1.64	1
						Left Ecology Freedom	59,112	1.39	1
						Federation of the Greens	35,060	0.82	–
						Italian Socialist Party	13,415	0.31	–
					Total		1,421,688	33.35	27
	Savino Pezzotta	225,849	4.69	–		Union of the Centre	164,078	3.85	3
	Vito Crimi	144,585	3.00	–		Five Star Movement	99,390	2.33	–
	Vittorio Agnoletto	113,754	2.36	–		Federation of the Left	87,221	2.05	–
	Gianmario Invernizzi	27,358	0.57	–		New Force	11,281	0.26	–

Total candidates		4,819,576	100.00	9	Total parties		4,263,026	100.00	71
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote (party)

PdL			31.79%
LN			26.21%
PD			22.90%
IdV			6.29%
UDC			3.85%
M5S			2.33%
FdS			2.05%

Popular vote (coalition)

CDX			58.16%
CSX			33.35%
UDC			3.85%
M5S			2.33%
FdS			2.05%

Results by province

Election results map. Orange denotes municipalities won by Penati and Blue denotes those won by Formigoni. Lombardia 2010 Coalizioni.png — Election results map. **Orange** denotes municipalities won by Penati and **Blue** denotes those won by Formigoni.

Province	Roberto Formigoni	Filippo Penati	Savino Pezzotta	Vito Crimi	Vittorio Agnoletto	Gianmario Invernizzi
Province
Milan	741,051 (50.25%)	585,722 (39.72%)	50,421 (3.42%)	48,979 (3.32%)	41,376 (2.81%)	7,252 (0.49%)
Brescia	362,187 (58.96%)	178,958 (29.13%)	37,565 (6.11%)	19,215 (3.13%)	12,106 (1.97%)	4,310 (0.70%)
Bergamo	340,527 (61.91%)	145,273 (26.41%)	36,720 (6.68%)	14,777 (2.69%)	10,096 (1.84%)	2,672 (0.49%)
Varese	259,496 (60.51%)	125,111 (29.17%)	20,159 (4.70%)	12,748 (2.97%)	8,926 (2.08%)	2,421 (0.56%)
Monza and Brianza	240,858 (56.32%)	144,246 (33.73%)	17,802 (4.16%)	14,788 (3.46%)	7,815 (1.83%)	2,117 (0.50%)
Como	183,765 (63.41%)	79,757 (27.37%)	12,657 (4.34%)	6,490 (2.23%)	5,599 (1.92%)	2,104 (0.72%)
Pavia	156,750 (57.12%)	88,690 (32.32%)	11,715 (4.27%)	7,483 (2.73%)	7,829 (2.85%)	1,964 (0.72%)
Mantua	100,135 (49.81%)	77,311 (38.46%)	10,574 (5.26%)	6,698 (3.33%)	5,638 (2.80%)	663 (0.33%)
Cremona	99,463 (54.15%)	63,213 (34.42%)	9,520 (5.18%)	4,978 (2.71%)	5,164 (2.81%)	1,333 (0.73%)
Lecco	100,897 (57.38%)	57,861 (32.91%)	8,293 (4.72%)	4,163 (2.37%)	3,808 (2.17%)	795 (0.45%)
Lodi	59,619 (53.80%)	37,837 (34.14%)	5,451 (4.92%)	2,873 (2.59%)	3,633 (3.28%)	1,402 (1.27%)
Sondrio	58,634 (67.57%)	19,687 (22.69%)	4,972 (5.73%)	1,393 (1.61%)	1,764 (2.03%)	325 (0.37%)

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References

↑ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/dicembre/15/Bersani_lancia_Penati_Rifondazione_bravi_co_7_091215009.shtml
↑ UDC runs without allies (it.)
↑ Vito Crimi's blog (it.) Archived 2009-12-19 at the Wayback Machine .
↑ Cappato's nomination for Radicals (it.) ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
↑ Vittorio Angiolini, professore ordinario di Diritto costituzionale dell'Università di Milano; Margherita Raveraira, Università di Perugia Il limite del doppio mandato alla immediata rielezione del Presidente della giunta regionale: una questione complessa Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine ., Federalismi.it
↑ Michele Ainis, La terza via di Errani e Formigoni, La Stampa, 25 gennaio 2010
↑ Running for Parliament, the Italian showgirl who made Silvio Berlusconi smile again, Mail Online, 19 febbraio 2010

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[1] ttp://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2009/dicembre/15/Bersani_lancia_Penati_Rifondazione_bravi_co_7_091215009.shtml

[2] UDC runs without allies (it.)

[3] Vito Crimi's blog (it.) Archived 2009-12-19 at the Wayback Machine .

[4] Cappato's nomination for Radicals (it.) ^{[ permanent dead link ]}

[5] Vittorio Angiolini, professore ordinario di Diritto costituzionale dell'Università di Milano; Margherita Raveraira, Università di Perugia Il limite del doppio mandato alla immediata rielezione del Presidente della giunta regionale: una questione complessa Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine ., Federalismi.it

[ainis-6] Michele Ainis, La terza via di Errani e Formigoni, La Stampa, 25 gennaio 2010

[7] Running for Parliament, the Italian showgirl who made Silvio Berlusconi smile again, Mail Online, 19 febbraio 2010

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