Lombard regional election, 2005

Lombard regional election, 2005
All 80 seats to the Regional Council of Lombardy
Turnout	72.97% ( 2.62%)
President before election; Roberto Formigoni ; FI	President-elect; Roberto Formigoni ; FI

Last updated April 20, 2019

The Lombard regional election of 2005 took place on 3–4 April 2005. The 8th term of the Regional Council was chosen. Roberto Formigoni (Forza Italia) was re-elected for the third time in a row President, defeating Riccardo Sarfatti.

Roberto Formigoni 8th President of Lombardy

Roberto Formigoni is an Italian politician who was born in Lecco, Italy, on 30 March 1947. He was the President of Lombardy in Italy since 1995 till 2013. He is the former unofficial political spokesperson of the Communion and Liberation movement.

Forza Italia was a centre-right political party in Italy with liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic, liberal, social-democratic and populist tendencies. Its leader was Silvio Berlusconi, four times Prime Minister of Italy.

Riccardo Sarfatti was an Italian architect, entrepreneur and politician.

Electoral law

Lombardy uses national Tatarella Law of 1995 to elect its Council, not having written its own legislation. Sixty-four councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes are grouped at regional level where a Hare quota is used, and then distributed to provincial party lists.

In Italy, a province (provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). From 2015, the provinces were reorganized into "institutional bodies of second level", with the birth of 10 special Metropolitan cities. A further 4 such cities were added later.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various divisor methods.

Sixteen councillors are elected at-large using a general ticket: parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Lombardy. If a coalition wins more than 50% of the total seats in the Council with PR, only 8 candidates from the regional list will be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72; if the winning alliance receives less than 50% of votes, special seats are added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.

At-large is a designation for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body, rather than a subset of that membership. At-large voting is in contrast to voting by electoral districts.

General ticket representation is voting system, analogous to block voting, but where voters elect parties, not candidates. The parties then select their representatives to fill out elected office.

A plurality vote or relative majority describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority. For example, if 100 votes were cast, including 45 for Candidate A, 30 for Candidate B and 25 for Candidate C, then Candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.

Council apportionment

According to the official 2001 Italian census, the 64 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation were so distributed between Lombard provinces.

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	MB	PV	SO	VA	total
7	8	4	2	2	1	3	21	5	4	1	6	64

It must be underlined that this allocation is not fixed. Remained seats and votes after proportional distribution, are all grouped at regional level and divided by party lists. The consequent division of these seats at provincial level usually change the original apportionment. Only 37 seats were directly assigned at provincial level, and the final distribution between provinces changed in this way.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	MB	PV	SO	VA	total
+1	+1	-1	=	=	=	-1	+2	-1	-1	-1	=	-1

As it can be seen, the Province of Sondrio remained without representation.

The Province of Sondrio is in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. Its provincial capital is the town Sondrio. As of 2017, it has a population of 181,403.

Results

2005 election led to the return to the guide of the Region, for its third consecutive term, Communion and Liberation's Roberto Formigoni, supported by the center-right coalition.

Communion and Liberation is an Italian Catholic movement founded in 1954 by Fr. Luigi Giussani. Its aim is to present the Christian event in a way which is in tune with contemporary culture, making it a source of new values for the modern world.

If the mechanisms of electoral law generated a Regional Council very similar to the incumbent one, popular vote marked a significant reduction in the gap between the two sides, which was almost halved. The same plurality party, Forza Italia, decreased of more than four hundred preferences. The election was also the test for a list that led, within two years, to the national foundation of a new political entity, the Democratic Party.

The Olive Tree, an alliance comprising The Daisy and the Democrats of the Left, was the largest party in the region for the first time with the 27.1% of votes.

3–4 April 2004 Lombard regional election results
Candidates		Votes	%	Seats	Parties		Votes	%	Seat

	Roberto Formigoni	2,841,883	53.86	16
						Forza Italia	1,137,621	25.95	18
						Northern League – Lombard League	693,464	15.82	11
						National Alliance	380,962	8.69	5
						Union of Christian and Centre Democrats	166,761	3.80	2
						New Italian Socialist Party	36,616	0.84	–
						Secular Pole (LD–PRI–PLI)	11,196	0.26	–
					Total		2,426,620	55.34	36
	Riccardo Sarfatti	2,278,173	43.17	1
						The Olive Tree	1,186,848	27.07	19
						Communist Refoundation Party	248,703	5.67	3
						Federation of the Greens	128,060	2.92	2
						Pensioners' Party	115,481	2.63	1^{[lower-alpha 1]}
						Party of Italian Communists	104,481	2.38	1
						Italy of Values	61,431	1.40	1
					Total		1,845,004	42.08	28
	Gianmario Invernizzi	142,807	2.71	–
						Social Alternative	54,937	1.25	–
						Lega Padana Lombardia	39,012	0.89	–
						Pensions & Work	7,409	0.17	–
					Total		101,358	2.31	–
	Marco Marsili	14,008	0.27	–		Liberal Democrats	11,579	0.26	–

Total candidates		5,276,871	100.00	17	Total parties		4,384,561	100.00	63
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote (party)

The Olive Tree			27.07%
FI			25.95%
LN			15.82%
AN			8.69%
PRC			5.67%
UDC			3.80%
FdV			2.92%
PP			2.63%
PdCI			2.38%
IdV			1.40%

Popular vote (coalition)

CdL			55.34%
CSX			42.08%
AS			2.71%

Results by province

Election results map. Orange denotes municipalities won by Sarfatti and Blue denotes those won by Formigoni. Lombardia 2005 Coalizioni.png — Election results map. **Orange** denotes municipalities won by Sarfatti and **Blue** denotes those won by Formigoni.

Province	Roberto Formigoni	Riccardo Sarfatti	Turnout
Province
Milan	821,495 (48.74%)	814,934 (48.36%)	71.02%
Brescia	368,705 (56.90%)	253,080 (39.06%)	75.16%
Bergamo	347,263 (60.33%)	214,510 (37.27%)	74.52%
Varese	276,137 (58.39%)	184,599 (39.03%)	71.51%
Monza and Brianza	243,210 (54.49%)	193,080 (43.26%)	75.56%
Como	200,396 (62.06%)	113,623 (35.19%)	72.51%
Pavia	158,119 (52.65%)	130,671 (43.51%)	74.21%
Mantua	103,207 (45.93%)	116,766 (51.97%)	74.07%
Cremona	100,900 (50.45%)	91,718 (45.86%)	75.15%
Lecco	99,286 (53.54%)	79,452 (42.85%)	75.37%
Lodi	59,923 (50.19%)	55,364 (46.37%)	75.50%
Sondrio	63,242 (65.91%)	30,376 (31.66%)	64.02%

Results by capital city

City	Roberto Formigoni	Riccardo Sarfatti	Turnout
City
Milan	339,015 (49.80%)	326,009 (47.89%)	67.62%
Brescia	55,968 (50.76%)	51,312 (46.54%)	75.52%
Monza	37,170 (52.18%)	32,675 (45.89%)	74.08%
Bergamo	36,453 (54.73%)	29,072 (43.65%)	73.12%
Como	26,605 (56.56%)	19,291 (41.01%)	70.00%
Varese	26,594 (58.62%)	17,944 (39.55%)	68.95%
Pavia	22,852 (50.85%)	20,930 (46.58%)	77.88%
Cremona	18,937 (45.75%)	21,319 (51.50%)	73.22%
Mantua	11,639 (40.11%)	16,902 (58.25%)	75.52%
Lecco	13,961 (52.54%)	11,964 (44.85%)	72.71%
Lodi	13,495 (52.19%)	11,511 (44.52%)	78.18%
Sondrio	6,839 (56.60%)	4,993 (41.32%)	67.32%

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References

↑ Pensioners gave a seat to Sarfatti.

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[fn1-1] Pensioners gave a seat to Sarfatti.

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