Lombard regional election, 2000

Lombard regional election, 2000
All 80 seats to the Regional Council of Lombardy
Turnout	75.59% ( 8.65%)
	Composition of the Regional Council
President before election; Roberto Formigoni ; CDU/FI	President-elect; Roberto Formigoni ; FI

Last updated April 20, 2019

The Lombard regional election of 2000 took place on 16 April 2000. The 7th term of the Regional Council was chosen.

Electoral law

Lombardy uses national Tatarella Law of 1995 to elect its Council. Sixty-four councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes are grouped at regional level where a Hare quota is used, and then distributed to provincial party lists.

In Italy, a province (provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). From 2015, the provinces were reorganized into "institutional bodies of second level", with the birth of 10 special Metropolitan cities. A further 4 such cities were added later.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. It contrasts with various divisor methods.

Sixteen councillors are elected at-large using a general ticket: parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Lombardy. If a coalition wins more than 50% of the total seats in the Council with PR, only 8 candidates from the regional list will be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72; if the winning alliance receives less than 50% of votes, special seats are added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.

At-large is a designation for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body, rather than a subset of that membership. At-large voting is in contrast to voting by electoral districts.

General ticket representation is voting system, analogous to block voting, but where voters elect parties, not candidates. The parties then select their representatives to fill out elected office.

A plurality vote or relative majority describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority. For example, if 100 votes were cast, including 45 for Candidate A, 30 for Candidate B and 25 for Candidate C, then Candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.

Council apportionment

According to the official 1991 Italian census, the 64 Council seats which must be covered by proportional representation were so distributed between Lombard provinces.

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	PV	SO	VA	total
7	8	4	2	2	1	3	27	3	1	6	64

The allocation is not fixed. Remaining seats and votes after proportional distribution, are all grouped at regional level and divided by party lists. The consequent division of these seats at provincial level usually change the original apportionment. Only 43 seats were directly assigned at provincial level, and the final distribution between provinces changed in this way.

BG	BS	CO	CR	LC	LO	MN	MI	PV	SO	VA	total
+2	=	=	=	+1	+1	-1	+2	-1	+1	+2	+7

As it can be seen, the landslide victory of the House of Freedoms caused the distribution of seven more seats to the oppositions at provincial level. Bergamo and Varese received two new seats, Cremona and Lodi and Sondrio one each.

The House of Freedoms, was a major centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, led by Silvio Berlusconi.

The Province of Bergamo is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It has a population of 1,112,187 (2017), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 243 comuni. Its capital is the city of Bergamo.

The province of Varese is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Varese, but its largest city is Busto Arsizio. The headquarters of the AgustaWestland, the company merged into Leonardo since 2016, the world's largest producer of helicopters, is based in Samarate, a comune of the province. As of 2015, it has a population of 889,410 inhabitants over an area of 1,198.11 square kilometres (462.59 sq mi). The provincial president is Nicola Gunnar Vincenzi.

Results

The 1999 European election marked a turning point in relations between Forza Italia and the North League. Silvio Berlusconi's attempt to destroy the League by a media campaign aimed at shifting protesting votes to the Italian Radicals, succeeded only in part: the consensus of the federalist movement had fallen so sharply, but not enough to ensure the coalition of the Knight from possible disasters like the 1996 election. In addition, the assembly works in parliament had highlighted a growing programmatic convergence between the two major Lombard parties. And so, in view of the 2001 general election, Berlusconi and Umberto Bossi put aside the old, and even bloody quarrels, and formed a new coalition: the House of Freedoms, which found in the regional elections its first test.

Lega Nord, whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania, is a right-wing political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as Lega (League) without changing its official name in the party's statute. The party was nonetheless frequently referred to only as "Lega" even before the rebranding. The LN is also often referred to as Carroccio by the Italian media.

Silvio Berlusconi is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments.

The combination of what were the major forces of regional politics, securing a safe and agile reappointment to the Communion and Liberation's incumbent President, Roberto Formigoni, which ensured stability of the Regional Cabinet that the new regulations wanted to coincide in term with the legislature. Forza Italia was confirmed as the largest party in the region with an historic 34% of the vote, while Lega Nord was the second largest party with 15%. The Olive Tree, an alliance comprising several centre-left parties including the Italian People's Party, the Democrats of the Left, The Democrats, the Federation of the Greens and Italian Renewal, which here run in a single list for the first time in Italian history, had a great shock losing a fifth of its votes, falling at only 20%.


Candidate	Regional lists			Provincial lists						Total

Candidate	votes	%	seats	Party	votes	%	swing	seats	party	group
Roberto Formigoni	3,355,803	62.37	8	Forza Italia	1,539,359	33.79	4.6	24	27	51
				Northern League–Lombard League	702,479	15.42	2.3	10	11
				National Alliance	441,087	9.68	0.3	6	8
				United Christian Democrats	111,112	2.44	2.4	1	2
				Christian Democratic Centre	76,423	1.68	0.5	1	2
				Pensioners' Party	71,925	1.58	0.2	1	1
				Socialist Party	31,178	0.68	New	-	-
				The Liberals–Sgarbi	21,876	0.48	New	-	-
Mino Martinazzoli	1,692,474	31.46	1	The Olive Tree	918,345	20.16	5.9	19	20	26
				Communist Refoundation Party	289,572	6.36	1.3	5*	5
				SDI–FdL–Others	86,517	1.90	1.6	1	1
Benedetto Della Vedova	178,406	3.32	-	Bonino List	154,396	3.39	1.6	3	3	3
Nerio Nesi	110,202	2.05	-	Party of Italian Communists	86,027	1.89	1.9	-	-	-
Giorgio Schultze	43,696	0.81	-	Humanist Party	25,350	0.56	0.5	-	-	-
Total candidates	5,380,581	100.00	9	Total parties	4,555,646	100.00	=	71	80	80

* Refoundation gave a seat to Martinazzoli. Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote (party)

FI			33.79%
The Olive Tree			20.16%
LN			15.42%
AN			9.68%
PRC			6.36%
Bonino List			3.39%
CDU			2.44%
CCD			1.68%

Popular vote (coalition)

Centre-right			65.75%
Centre-left			28.41%
Bonino List			3.39%
PdCI			1.89%

Results by province

Election results map. Orange denotes municipalities won by Martinazzoli and Blue denotes those won by Formigoni. Lombardia 2000 Coalizioni.png — Election results map. **Orange** denotes municipalities won by Martinazzoli and **Blue** denotes those won by Formigoni.

Province	Roberto Formigoni	Mino Martinazzoli	Benedetto Della Vedova	Turnout
Province
Milan	1,311,057 (60.01%)	724,518 (33.16%)	75,064 (3.44%)	73.38%
Brescia	410,929 (62.24%)	220,489 (33.39%)	16,039 (2.43%)	78.34%
Bergamo	400,883 (67.94%)	159,419 (27.02%)	16,367 (2.77%)	79.15%
Varese	319,092 (67.06%)	124,027 (26.07%)	18,742 (3.94%)	74.05%
Como	226,699 (69.81%)	81,712 (25.16%)	11,721 (3.61%)	75.71%
Pavia	188,138 (62.02%)	92,449 (30.48%)	11,997 (3.96%)	77.28%
Mantua	121,621 (53.08%)	88,549 (38.65%)	8,202 (3.58%)	77.40%
Cremona	123,317 (59.72%)	70,621 (34.20%)	5,667 (2.74%)	79.51%
Lecco	117,140 (62.06%)	62,995 (33.37%)	6,004 (3.18%)	78.66%
Lodi	68,245 (58.21%)	41,716 (35.58%)	3,778 (3.22%)	78.38%
Sondrio	68,682 (68.44%)	25,979 (25.89%)	4,825 (4.81%)	69.26%

Results by capital city

City	Roberto Formigoni	Mino Martinazzoli	Benedetto Della Vedova	Turnout
City
Milan	435,304 (59.83%)	244,591 (33.62%)	26,177 (3.60%)	68.80%
Brescia	67,017 (57.09%)	44,515 (37.92%)	3,337 (2.88%)	76.65%
Bergamo	45,064 (62.11%)	23,506 (32.40%)	2,374 (3.27%)	77.10%
Como	33,466 (66.37%)	13,798 (27.37%)	2,222 (4.41%)	72.76%
Varese	31,297 (66.37%)	12,602 (26.73%)	1,988 (4.22%)	69.82%
Pavia	27,578 (59.69%)	15,281 (33.07%)	1,809 (3.92%)	79.16%
Cremona	24,833 (55.20%)	17,015 (37.82%)	1,447 (3.22%)	77.78%
Mantua	14,621 (47.96%)	13,077 (42.90%)	1,312 (4.30%)	76.66%
Lecco	16,800 (60.36%)	9,846 (35.37%)	808 (2.90%)	75.95%
Lodi	15,151 (58.98%)	8,980 (34.96%)	836 (3.25%)	77.73%
Sondrio	7,827 (61.26%)	4,169 (32.63%)	645 (5.05%)	69.49%

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References

↑ The swing comes from the combined result of the Pole of Freedoms (41.6%) and Lega Nord (17.7%) in the 1995 regional election.

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[1] The swing comes from the combined result of the Pole of Freedoms (41.6%) and Lega Nord (17.7%) in the 1995 regional election.

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