Lower third

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A screenshot of an Al Jazeera English news programme showing Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem in 2011. A lower third at the bottom of the screen identifies him and explains the context of the broadcast. Syria's foreign minister Walid al-Moualem - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
A screenshot of an Al Jazeera English news programme showing Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem in 2011. A lower third at the bottom of the screen identifies him and explains the context of the broadcast.

In the television industry, a lower third is a graphic overlay placed in the title-safe lower area of the screen, though not necessarily the entire lower third of it, as the name suggests. [1]

Contents

In its simplest form, a lower third can just be text overlaying the video. Frequently this text is white with a drop shadow to make the words easier to read. A lower third can also contain graphical elements such as boxes, images or shading. Some lower thirds have animated backgrounds and text.

Lower thirds can be created using basic home-video editing software or professional-level equipment. This equipment makes use of video's alpha channel to determine what parts of the graphic or text should be transparent, allowing the video in the background to show through.

Terminology

Lower thirds are also often known as "CG" (from character generator) or captions, and sometimes chyrons in North America, due to the popularity of Chyron Corporation's Chiron I character generator, an early digital solution developed in the 1970s for rendering lower thirds. [2] Other common terms include superbars (or simply supers) (US)[ citation needed ] and name straps and astons (after Aston Electronic Designs) (UK).[ citation needed ]

Video with lower thirds is known as a program as broadcast or dirty. Video without lower thirds is known as a clean feed or textless. [3] For international distribution programs often include textless elements on the master tape: these are all the shots that lower thirds and digital on-screen graphics have been applied to, placed end-to-end so engineers can make a clean master if necessary.

Tiers

An example of a scrolling news ticker at the bottom of a lower third USA TV News Simulation 1.jpg
An example of a scrolling news ticker at the bottom of a lower third

Lower thirds are usually arranged in tiers, or lines:

Further elements

Lower thirds increasingly include elements such as news tickers, time and date, weather information, stock quotes, or sports scores. [5]

See also

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References

  1. Atkinson, Claire (11 August 2008). "The battle for the lower third". Broadcasting & Cable. New Bay Media. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  2. See this usage in The New York Times blogs; for instance: Tozzi, Lisa (28 January 2008). "Giuliani's New Ad: 'Not Endorsed'". The Caucus. The New York Times . Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  3. Green, Jonathon (2 October 2013). Dictionary of Jargon. Routledge Revivals. Routledge. p. 632. ISBN   978-1-317-90818-0. OCLC   864414293.
  4. "Best Banner & Lower Third Competition". color tape international. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  5. Montgomery, Mark (April 2010). "Tips for Lower Third Titles". Videomaker.