The economy of Jordan is classified as an emerging market economy. Jordan's GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s,declined 30% in the 1980s,and rose 36% in the 1990s. After King Abdullah II's accession to the throne in 1999,liberal economic policies were introduced. Jordan's economy had been growing at an annual rate of 8% between 1999 and 2008. However,growth has slowed to 2% after the Arab Spring in 2011. The substantial increase of the population,coupled with slowed economic growth and rising public debt led to a worsening of poverty and unemployment in the country. As of 2019,Jordan has a GDP of US$44.4 billion,ranking it 89th worldwide.
Investment in post-2003 Iraq refers to international efforts to rebuild the infrastructure of Iraq since the Iraq War in 2003. Along with the economic reform of Iraq,international projects have been implemented to repair and upgrade Iraqi water and sewage treatment plants,electricity production,hospitals,schools,housing,and transportation systems. Much of the work has been funded by the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund,and the Coalition Provisional Authority.
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain,from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation,transportation,refining,petroleum product marketing,and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.
Ørsted A/S is a Danish multinational energy company. Headquartered in Fredericia,Denmark,Ørsted is the largest energy company in Denmark. The company adopted its current name on 6 November 2017. It was previously known as DONG.
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation is Kuwait's national oil company,headquartered in Kuwait City.
The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal,state,and local entities. It addresses issues of energy production,distribution,consumption,and modes of use,such as building codes,mileage standards,and commuting policies. Energy policy may be addressed via legislation,regulation,court decisions,public participation,and other techniques.
Canada has access to all main sources of energy including oil and gas,coal,hydropower,biomass,solar,geothermal,wind,marine and nuclear. It is the world's second largest producer of uranium,third largest producer of hydro-electricity,fourth largest natural gas producer,and the fifth largest producer of crude oil. In 2006,only Russia,the People's Republic of China,the United States and Saudi Arabia produce more total energy than Canada.
Iran has the fourth largest oil reserves and the 2nd largest natural gas reserves in the world. The nation is a member of OPEC,and generates approximately 50% of state revenue through oil exports.
QatarEnergy,formerly Qatar Petroleum (QP),is a state owned petroleum company of Qatar. The company operates all oil and gas activities in Qatar,including exploration,production,refining,transport,and storage. The President &CEO is Saad Sherida al-Kaabi,Minister of State for Energy Affairs. The company's operations are directly linked with state planning agencies,regulatory authorities,and policy making bodies. Together,revenues from oil and natural gas amount to 60% of the country's GDP. As of 2018 it was the third largest oil company in the world by oil and gas reserves. In 2022,the company had total revenues of US$52bn,a net income of US42.4bn,and total assets of US$162bn. In 2021,QatarEnergy was the fifth largest gas company in the world.
Morocco's energy policy is set independently by two agencies of the government:the Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining (ONHYM) which sets domestic oil policy,and the Office National de l'Electricité(ONE),which sets policy with regard to electricity. The two major weaknesses of the energy policy of Morocco are the lack of coordination between these two agencies and the lack of development of domestic energy sources.
Over 80% of electricity in Iraq is generated by fossil fuels. As of 2023 the 30 gigawatts (GW) of installed capacity cannot meet summer peak demand.
The Abu Dhabi National Energy Company,PJSC (TAQA) is a government controlled energy holding company of Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates.
Crescent Petroleum is the first and largest private upstream oil and gas company in the Middle East. Founded in 1971,Crescent Petroleum is headquartered in the Emirate of Sharjah,United Arab Emirates (UAE),with current operations in both the UAE and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). As of 2023,Crescent Petroleum and the Iraqi Ministry of Oil have signed three twenty-year contracts as the company focus it efforts in aiding the redevelopment of Iraq.
Raad Shallal al-Ani is an Iraqi politician who was Electricity Minister from February to August 2011.
Iraq was the world's 5th largest oil producer in 2009,and has the world's fifth largest proven petroleum reserves. Just a fraction of Iraq's known fields are in development,and Iraq may be one of the few places left where vast reserves,proven and unknown,have barely been exploited. Iraq's energy sector is heavily based upon oil,with approximately 94 percent of its energy needs met with petroleum. In addition,crude oil export revenues accounted for over two-thirds of GDP in 2009. Iraq's oil sector has suffered over the past several decades from sanctions and wars,and its oil infrastructure is in need of modernization and investment. As of June 30,2010,the United States had allocated US$2.05 billion to the Iraqi oil and gas sector to begin this modernization,but ended its direct involvement as of the first quarter of 2008. According to reports by various U.S. government agencies,multilateral institutions and other international organizations,long-term Iraq reconstruction costs could reach $100 billion (US) or higher.
GE Oil &Gas was the division of General Electric that owned its investments in the petroleum industry. In July 2017,this division was merged with Baker Hughes.
Pearl Petroleum is a five-company consortium consisting of two Middle Eastern oil and gas companies,Dana Gas and Crescent Petroleum,which together are the operator of the Kurdistan Gas Project,in partnership with three major European energy companies:OMV,MOL,and RWE. Pearl Petroleum produces and develops natural gas assets in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
EuroAfrica Interconnector is a planned HVDC interconnector and submarine power cable between the Greek,Cypriot,and Egypt power grids. The Interconnector is an energy highway bridging Africa and Europe. It will have a capacity to transmit 2,000 megawatts of electricity in either direction. Annual transmission capacity will be rated at 17.5 TWh,much more than the annual production at the Aswan Dam power stations. President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,President of Cyprus Nicos Anastasiades and Prime Minister of Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis,issued a joint declaration at the conclusion of the 7th Trilateral Summit,held in Cairo on October 8,2019,in which they expressed their desire to continue strengthening their cooperation in matters of energy. In particular,the joint declaration by the three leaders stated they recognised the importance of establishing an electrical grid between Egypt,Cyprus and Greece,building on the framework agreement between the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company and the Euro Africa Interconnector Company on 22 May 2019.
Fossil gas supplies over a quarter of Turkey's energy. The country consumes 50 to 60 billion cubic metres of this natural gas each year,nearly all of which is imported. A large gas field in the Black Sea however started production in 2023.
The Murra Warra Wind Farm is one of Australia's largest wind farms. Located on the plains of north-western Victoria,approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the city of Horsham,it consists of 99 wind turbines with a maximum tip height of 220m.
