Maker, Cornwall

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Maker
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Maker
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50°20′42″N4°11′28″W / 50.3451°N 4.1911°W / 50.3451; -4.1911

Maker (Cornish : Magor) is a village between Cawsand and Rame Head, Rame Peninsula, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Contents

The name means a ruin or old wall in Cornish, possibly because the church was built from the ruins of West Stonehouse in Cremyll. [1] This origin of the name is unlikely, as Maker is first referred to in 705AD, [2] which predates the construction of the church. Another supposition, is that the "old walls" are those of a (now lost) Roman-British villa. [3] However, another Celtic name is Egloshayle, [ citation needed ] (not to be confused with Egloshayle on the River Camel) which means, "the church on the estuary". [4]

The village and its neighbour Rame are in the civil parish of Maker-with-Rame and the parliamentary constituency of South East Cornwall. The parish had a population of 1,020 at the 2011 census. [5]

History

In the late 7th Century the West Saxons and native Britons had engaged in a series of battles near the River Parrett. Around this time Aldhelm wrote a letter to King Geraint of Dumnonia describing him as 'Lord of the Western Kingdom' suggesting that all of Devon and Cornwall still retained a single ruler. The letter is fairly confrontational in places, and its purpose is to encourage Geraint to get the Briton church to accept the Roman calculation of Easter and Tonsure. Bede notes that Aldhelm's efforts were successful and, in 705, King Geraint of Dumnonia gave the promontory on the Cornish side of the mouth of the River Tamar to Sherborne Abbey, [6] where Aldhelm was the Bishop.

The Normans installed the Valletorts as tenants of most of the land controlling the Tamar. From them, Maker passed by marriage to the Durnford family and then to the Edgcumbes.[ citation needed ]

Maker was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was 1 hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 3 ploughs, 4 serfs, 6 villeins, 8 smallholders, 60 acres (24 ha) of pasture. The value of the manor was £1 sterling though it had formerly been worth £1 10s . [7]

In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 886. [8] On 1 April 1950 the parish was abolished and merged with Rame to form "Maker with Rame". [9]

Parish church

St Mary's and St Julian's Church is a typical 15th century Cornish church. It was a time of rebuilding throughout the country and churches were designed for preaching the word rather than stressing the liturgy. The aisles are the same length as the nave, and there is a massive western tower. The font is Norman, but was originally at St Merryn. [10] The Edgcumbe chapel was added in 1874. [11]

Maker Redoubts

Redoubt Number 5 with stone revetments on the Maker Heights. Old Fortification on Maker Heights - geograph.org.uk - 325125.jpg
Redoubt Number 5 with stone revetments on the Maker Heights.

During the American War of Independence, it was thought that an attacking force could establish themselves on the ridge of high ground near Maker, which overlooked both Plymouth Sound and the Royal Dockyard at Devonport. In August 1779, a fleet of French and Spanish ships anchored off Cawsand Bay but withdrew soon afterwards; regular and militia troops camped on Maker Heights for the following three summers and constructed a line of five earthen redoubts or small forts along the ridge under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Dixon. During the French Revolutionary Wars, redoubts Number 4 and 5 were rebuilt with stone revetments and a sixth stone redoubt was built at Empacombe in 1807. [12] A supporting barracks was built for the redoubts between 1804 and 1808. [13] Some of the redoubts were reused in the second World War to protect buildings associated with a nearby heavy anti-aircraft battery for six guns, installed to protect Plymouth. [14]

Fort Picklecombe

Fort Picklecombe, near Maker, was commissioned by Lord Palmerston as one of a series of coastal defences against possible French invasion. [15] It has since been converted into residential apartments. [16]

Cornish wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, were held on the Green in Maker in the 1700s. [17]

Notable residents

Related Research Articles

Geraint, known in Latin as Gerontius, was a king of Dumnonia who ruled in the early 8th century. During his reign, it is believed that Dumnonia came repeatedly into conflict with the neighbouring Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Geraint was the last recorded king of a unified Dumnonia, and was called King of the Welsh by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Subsequent kings of Dumnonia reigned over an area that was eventually reduced to the limits of present-day Cornwall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Tamar</span> River in southwest England

The Tamar is a river in south west England that forms most of the border between Devon and Cornwall. A large part of the valley of the Tamar is protected as the Tamar Valley National Landscape, and some is included in the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape due to its historic mining activities.

Dumnonia is the Latinised name for a Brythonic kingdom that existed in Sub-Roman Britain between the late 4th and late 8th centuries CE in the more westerly parts of present-day South West England. It was centred in the area of modern Devon, but also included modern Cornwall and part of Somerset, with its eastern boundary changing over time as the gradual westward expansion of the neighbouring Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex encroached on its territory. The spelling Damnonia is sometimes encountered, but that spelling is also used for the land of the Damnonii, later part of the Kingdom of Strathclyde, in present-day southern Scotland. The form Domnonia also occurs. The name of the kingdom shares a linguistic relationship with the Breton region of Domnonée.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cawsand</span> Twin villages in Cornwall, England

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The Rame Peninsula is a peninsula in south-east Cornwall. It is surrounded by the English Channel to the south, Plymouth Sound to the east, the Hamoaze to the northeast and the estuary of the River Lynher to the north-west. On a clear day, the Atlantic Ocean can be seen from advantageous points from Rame Head. The largest settlement is Torpoint, which is on the eastern coast, facing Devonport in Plymouth, Devon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingsand</span> Village in Cornwall, England

Kingsand and Cawsand are twin villages in southeast Cornwall, United Kingdom. The villages are situated on the Rame Peninsula and are in the parish of Maker-with-Rame.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cremyll</span> Human settlement in England

Cremyll is a small coastal village in the civil parish of Maker-with-Rame, in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Cremyll is on the Rame Peninsula facing Plymouth Sound. The village is about 9 miles by road or 0.5 miles by boat from Plymouth.

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Mount Edgcumbe Country Park is a grade I listed country park in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The 885 acres (3.58 km2) country park is on the Rame Peninsula, overlooking Plymouth Sound and the River Tamar. The park has been famous since the 18th century, when the Edgcumbe family created formal gardens, temples, follies and woodlands around the Tudor house. Specimen trees, such as Sequoiadendron giganteum, stand against copses which shelter a herd of wild fallow deer. The South West Coast Path runs through the park for nine miles (14 km) along the coastline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rame, Maker-with-Rame</span> Human settlement in England

Rame is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Maker-with-Rame, in the Cornwall district, in the ceremonial county of Cornwall, England. It is situated on the Rame Peninsula, between Rame Head and the village of Cawsand, in South East Cornwall. In 1931 the parish had a population of 501. On 1 April 1950 the parish was abolished and merged with Maker to form "Maker with Rame". Rame means the high protruding cliff, or possibly, the ram's head.

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Maker-with-Rame is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated on the Rame Peninsula, approximately four miles (6.5 km) south of Saltash and two miles (3 km) west of Plymouth.

St John is a coastal civil parish and a village in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Saltash and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west of Torpoint.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Germanus' Church, Rame</span> Church in Cornwall, England

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Andrew's Church, Cawsand</span> Church in Cornwall, England

St Andrew's Church is a Church of England church in Cawsand, Cornwall, England, UK. The church was built in 1877–78 and has been Grade II listed since 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Paul's Church, Kingsand</span>

St Paul's Church is a former Church of England church in Kingsand, Cornwall, England, UK. Built in 1881–82, the church ceased use as a place of worship after 1943 and is now used as the Maker with Rame Community Hall.

References

  1. ↑ Hooe Lake Point and Earls Drive,www.southwestcoastpath.org.uk
  2. ↑ Geronitus Rex dedit Macuir de v hidis iuxta Thamar, Edwards, H (1988) The Charters of the Early West Saxon Kingdom, Oxford British Archaeological Reports, Page 245
  3. ↑ Letter in the Western Morning News, Dr W G Hoskins, (12 April 1962)
  4. ↑ Egloshayle, Cornwall Information and Accommodation Guide, www.intocornwall.com
  5. ↑ "Civil Parish population 2011" . Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Geronitus Rex dedit Macuir de v hidis iuxta Thamar, Edwards, H (1988) The Charters of the Early West Saxon Kingdom, Oxford British Archaeological Reports, Page 245
  7. ↑ Thorn, C. et al., ed. (1979) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entry 5,2,14
  8. ↑ "Population statistics Maker CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time . Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  9. ↑ "Relationships and changes Maker CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  10. ↑ Cornish Church Guide (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 152
  11. ↑ Church of St Mary and St Julian, historicengland.co.uk, GVI
  12. ↑ Woodward, F W (1990), Plymouth's Defences, F W Woodward, Ivybridge, pp. 13-14 ISBN   0-9516393-0-7
  13. ↑ "Maker Heights Barracks Block, Maker-with-Rame - Cornwall". historicengland.org.uk. Historic England. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "Maker Heights Heavy Anti Aircraft Battery 1/09". www.derelictplaces.co.uk. 1 February 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  15. ↑ Picklecombe Fort,www.castlesfortsbattles,co.uk
  16. ↑ "Top 15 unusual buildings for sale". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013.
  17. ↑ Tripp, Michael: PERSISTENCE OF DIFFERENCE: A HISTORY OF CORNISH WRESTLING, University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2009, Vol I p2-217.

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