| Makunaima | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1917 illustration of Makunaima guaporensis, the type species | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Characidae |
| Genus: | Makunaima Terán, Benitez & Mirande, 2020 |
| Type species | |
| Makunaima guaporensis (Eigenmann, 1909) | |
Makunaima is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes.
They are all endemic to freshwater habitats in South America.
This genus was erected in 2020. The species were formerly allocated to Astyanax . [1]
Etymologically, the genus name alludes to "Makunaima" (also transcribed as "Macunaima" or "Makonaima"), the name of a creator god for various ethnic groups in the Amazon. [1]
There are three recognized species in this genus: [2]
Characidae, the characids or characins, is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish belonging to the order Characiformes. The name "characins" is a historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large, monophyletic group. To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in the Characidae currently are the tetras, comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon, as well as a few related forms, such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater aquarium fish species.
Astyanax is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes. Some of these fish, like many of their relatives, are kept as aquarium pets and known collectively as tetras. With around 150 described species and new ones being described yearly, this genus is among the largest of the entire order; Hyphessobrycon also has more than 145 species and which one is larger at any one time depends on whether more species have been recently described in one or the other. The blind and colorless cave tetra of Mexico is a famous member of the genus, but its taxonomic position is disputed: Some recognize it as part of the Mexican tetra and this is supported by phylogenetic evidence, but others recognize the cave form as a separate species, A. jordani.
Astyanax jordani is a freshwater fish of the characin family of order Characiformes, native to Mexico. It is sometimes called the cave tetra, or by its local Spanish name sardina ciega.
Andromakhe is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes.
The diamond tetra is a small freshwater fish of the characin family of order Characiformes. It is found in and around Lake Valencia in Venezuela, South America.
Deuterodon is a genus of characins from river basins in southern and southeastern Brazil, with a single species of uncertain taxonomic status, D. potaroensis, from Guyana. These are small fish that reach up to 12.6 cm (5.0 in) in total length. They are omnivores with a specialized mouth structure that allows them to scrape algae and debris off bedrock.
Carlastyanax aurocaudatus is a small species of freshwater fish in the family Characidae native to the Río Cauca in Colombia. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Carlastyanax, which was named in 1972 specifically for the species by Jacques Géry. Upon description, it was named Astyanax aurocaudatus by Carl H. Eigenmann. There has been debate concerning whether or not the genus should be recognized, but C. aurocaudatus is currently considered a valid species.
Astyanax argentatus is a small freshwater fish native to northern Central America and southern North America. Given its native range, it is also known as the Texan tetra. Little has been published regarding the feeding habits or behavior of A. argentatus, but it is known to have the northernmost distribution of any member of the genus Astyanax.
Bryconops gracilis is a small species of freshwater fish from the rivers of South America. It is one of multiple species for which the common name "lambari" is used. Though not well-studied, it has been re-described in recent years in order to differentiate it from Bryconops alburnoides, a congener to which it bears a strong resemblance.
Astyanax abramis is a small freshwater fish from the inland rivers of South America. It is plentiful in almost the entire continent, with a habitat including the La Plata, upper Amazon, and Meta River basins. The body shape is subrhomboidal and laterally compressed, and the scales are largely silver, with a blue or green tint on the dorsal side.
Astyanax aramburui is a small freshwater fish from the rivers of South America, restricted to a relatively small region within the Paraná and Uruguay river basins of Argentina. It was named after the scientist who established a professional presence for ichthyology in the country, Raúl Arámburu. Considered a near-threatened species by the IUCN, its range includes creeks in a sub-basin affected by various forms of pollution.
Astyanax asuncionensis is a small species of freshwater fish described in 1972 from Asunción, the capital of Paraguay in South America. Its specific epithet is in reference to this. Currently, its range is known to encompass areas of not just Paraguay but also Argentina and Brazil. It is an adaptable, omnivorous species that easily lives in sympatry with various congeners.
Astyanax atratoensis is a small freshwater fish that occupies the Atrato river basin in Colombia. Originally described from a tributary therein, the Truandó River, it gets its specific epithet from the region. Though it faces no imminent threats, A. atratoensis inhabits waterways with a history of severe environmental pressure in the form of anthropogenic pollution. Several restoration efforts have been undertaken in the relevant regions.
Astyanax belizianus is a small freshwater fish native to various regions of Central America. Little is known of its diet or specific environmental preferences, but it was first recorded in Belize. Modern ichthyology has expanded its range into Guatemala and Honduras, where it inhabits various rivers and lake tributaries. It is a silvery fish that may have a slight yellowish tint to its scales. The body is deep, especially in comparison to similar species from the same genus.
Astyanax bourgeti is a small species of freshwater fish native to the upper Amazon river in Brazil. Originally described in 1908, it is not a particularly well-studied member of the genus Astyanax, but there is enough information available to establish a native range, an appearance, and potential relationships to congeners; for example, A. bourgeti is a known member of the subgenus Poecilurichthys, and has been considered such for most of its existence. Biotope preferences, sympatry, diet, and behavior are all unknown.
Astyanax brevirhinus is a small species of freshwater fish known only from a river basin in northeastern Brazil. It is somewhat understudied and lacks a conservation status, but it is present in a region that is the subject of an ecological restoration project - the Jequitinhonha River. Specifics of diet and behavior are unknown, though shoaling activity has been observed in laboratory conditions.
Deuterodon heterostomus is a small species of characin endemic to a large river system in southeast Brazil. It was originally the only member of the genus Probolodus, but Probolodus is now considered obsolete, synonymized with Deuterodon. Much like other members of Deuterodon, and like some fish in related genera, D. heterostomus is a small, silvery fish with fins in some combination of red and clear. It has a defined humeral spot that can be used for identification.
Deuterodon oyakawai is a small species of characin endemic to a large river basin along the Atlantic coast in southeast Brazil. It was originally one of three members of the genus Probolodus, but Probolodus is now considered obsolete, synonymized with Deuterodon. Much like other members of Deuterodon, and like some species in related genera, D. oyakawai is a small, silvery fish with fins in some combination of red and clear. It has a defined humeral spot that can be used for identification.
Deuterodon sazimai is a small freshwater fish endemic to a handful of river basins in southeastern Brazil. Upon being first described, it was considered a member of genus Probolodus; Probolodus is now considered obsolete, synonymized with Deuterodon. Much like other members of Deuterodon, and like some species in related genera like Astyanax or Jupiaba, D. oyakawai is a silvery fish with fins in some combination of red and clear. It sports a wedge-shaped humeral spot, and an oval-shaped blotch on its tail joint.
Psalidodon is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae of the order Characiformes. Some of these fish, like many of their relatives, are kept as aquarium pets and known collectively as tetras.
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