Mantamonas plastica

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Mantamonas plastica
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Opimoda
Clade: CRuMs
Class: Glissodiscea
Order: Mantamonadida
Family: Mantamonadidae
Genus: Mantamonas
Species:
M. plastica
Binomial name
Mantamonas plastica
Cavalier-Smith 2011 [1]
Type strain
CCAP 1946/1

Mantamonas plastica is a species of marine heterotrophic biflagellates described in 2011. It is the type species of the Mantamonadida, a basal eukaryotic lineage within a clade known as CRuMs. [1] [2]

Contents

Morphology

Mantamonas plastica is a species of heterotrophic unicellular protists. Their cells are flattened, relatively plastic (hence the name plastica) and asymmetric. They have a thin anterior flagellum and a conspicuous posterior flagellum, on which they glide. The cells have a right hump, likely caused by the nucleus, and a blunt projection on the left side. They are typically 2 μm thick, [1] 5 μm long and 5 μm wide, but vary in size and shape depending on their growth phase and the bacterial density in the medium. Being the type species of the genus, almost all of its morphological characteristics apply to the other species of Mantamonas . [3]

Ecology

Mantamonas plastica was collected in 2011 from coastal sediment on Cumbria, England. They are bacterivorous: they feed on bacteria through pseudopodia. [1]

Related Research Articles

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Labyrinthulomycetes (ICBN) or Labyrinthulea (ICZN) is a class of protists that produce a network of filaments or tubes, which serve as tracks for the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients for them. The two main groups are the labyrinthulids and thraustochytrids. They are mostly marine, commonly found as parasites on algae and seagrasses or as decomposers on dead plant material. They also include some parasites of marine invertebrates and mixotrophic speices that live in a symbiotic relationship with zoochlorella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amorphea</span> Members of the Unikonta, a taxonomic group proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith

Amorphea is a taxonomic supergroup that includes the basal Amoebozoa and Obazoa. That latter contains the Opisthokonta, which includes the Fungi, Animals and the Choanomonada, or Choanoflagellates. The taxonomic affinities of the members of this clade were originally described and proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apusozoa</span> Phylum of micro-organisms

The Apusozoa are an Obazoa phylum comprising several genera of flagellate eukaryotes. They are usually around 5–20 μm in size, and occur in soils and aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria. They are grouped together based on the presence of an organic shell or theca under the dorsal surface of the cell.

<i>Ancyromonas</i> Genus of protists

Ancyromonas is a genus of basal Eukaryote consisting of heterotrophic flagellates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malawimonadidae</span>

Malawimonadidae is a family of unicellular eukaryotes of outsize importance in understanding eukaryote phylogeny.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loukozoa</span> Proposed taxon

Loukozoa is a proposed taxon used in some classifications of eukaryotes, consisting of the Metamonada and Malawimonadea. Ancyromonads are closely related to this group, as sister of the entire group, or as sister of the Metamonada. Amorphea may have emerged in this grouping, specifically as sister of the Malawimonads.

<i>Malawimonas</i> Genus of micro-organisms

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bigyra</span> Phylum of single-celled organisms

Bigyra is a phylum of microscopic eukaryotes that are found at the base of the Stramenopiles clade. It includes three well-known heterotrophic groups Bicosoecida, Opalinata and Labyrinthulomycetes, as well as several small clades initially discovered through environmental DNA samples: Nanomonadea, Placididea, Opalomonadea and Eogyrea. The classification of Bigyra has changed several times since its origin, and its monophyly remains unresolved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancyromonadida</span> Group of protists

Ancyromonadida or Planomonadida is a small group of biflagellated protists found in the soil and in aquatic habitats, where they feed on bacteria. Includes freshwater or marine organisms, benthic, dorsoventrally compressed and with two unequal flagellae, each emerging from a separate pocket. The apical anterior flagellum can be very thin or end in the cell membrane, while the posterior flagellum is long and is inserted ventrally or laterally. The cell membrane is supported by a thin single layer teak and the mitochondrial crests are discoidal / flat.

<i>Collodictyon</i> Genus of algae

Collodictyon is a genus of single-celled, omnivorous eukaryotes belonging to the collodictyonids, also known as diphylleids. Due to their mix of cellular components, Collodictyonids do not belong to any well-known kingdom-level grouping of that domain and this makes them distinctive from other families. Recent research places them in a new 'supergroup' together with rigifilids and Mantamonas, with the so-far informal name 'CRuMs'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Collodictyonidae</span> Family of aquatic microorganisms

Collodictyonidae is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. The most remarkable fact of this clade is its uncertain position in the tree of life.

Rigifilida is a clade of non-ciliate phagotrophic eukaryotes. It consists of two genera: Micronuclearia and Rigifila.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Podiata</span> Clade of shelled animals

Podiates are a proposed clade containing the Amorphea and the organisms now assigned to the clade CRuMs. Ancyromonadida does not appear to have emerged in this grouping. Sarcomastigota is a proposed subkingdom that includes all the podiates that are not animals or fungi. Sulcozoa is a proposed phylum within Sarcomastigota that does not include the phyla Amoebozoa (clade) and Choanozoa (paraphyletic), i.e. it includes the proposed subphyla Apusozoa and Varisulca

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Varisulca</span> Proposed phylum of protists

Varisulca was a proposed basal Podiate taxon. It encompassed several lineages of heterotrophic protists, most notably the ancyromonads (planomonads), collodictyonids (diphylleids), rigifilids and mantamonadids. Recent evidence suggests that the latter three are closely related to each other, forming a clade called CRuMs, but that this is unlikely to be specifically related to ancyromonads

Platysulcus is an eukaryotic microorganism that was recently discovered to be the earliest diverging lineage of the Heterokont phylogenetic tree. It is the only member of the family Platysulcidae, order Platysulcida and class Platysulcea, of uncertain taxonomic position within the phylum Bigyra. It contains the only species P. tardus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obazoa</span> Proposed group of single-celled organisms

Obazoa is a proposed sister clade of Amoebozoa. The term Obazoa is based on the OBA acronym for Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida, the group's three constituent clades.

Mantamonads are a group of free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces. They are classified as one genus Mantamonas in the monotypic family Mantamonadidae, order Mantamonadida and class Glissodiscea. Previously, they were classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusmonadida on the basis of rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the Diphylleida and Rigifilida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CRuMs</span> Group of protists

CRuMs or Crumalia is a proposed clade of microbial eukaryotes, whose name is an acronym of the following constituent groups: i) collodictyonids also known as diphylleids, ii) rigifilids and iii) mantamonadids as sister of the Amorphea. It more or less supersedes Varisulca, as Ancyromonadida are inferred not to be specifically related to the orders Diphylleida/Collodictyonida, Rigifilida and Mantamonadida.

Mantamonas sphyraenae is a species of marine heterotrophic flagellates described in 2021. It belongs to the Mantamonadida, a basal eukaryotic lineage within a clade known as CRuMs. Its diploid genome is the first to be assembled within the CRuMs group.

Mantamonas vickermani is a species of marine heterotrophic flagellates described in 2021. It belongs to the Mantamonadida, a basal eukaryotic lineage within a clade known as CRuMs.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Glücksman, Edvard; Snell, Elizabeth A.; Berney, Cédric; Chao, Ema E.; Bass, David; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (September 2010). "The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Genus Mantamonas (Mantamonadida ord. n.: Apusozoa)". Protist. 162 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.004. PMID   20884290.
  2. Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (January 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN   1759-6653. PMC   5793813 . PMID   29360967.
  3. Blaz, Jazmin; Galindo, Luis Javier; Heiss, Aaron A.; Kaur, Harpreet; Torruella, Guifré; Yang, Ashley; Thompson, L. Alexa; Filbert, Alexander; Warring, Sally; Narechania, Apurva; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Dacks, Joel B.; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David; Kim, Eunsoo; Eme, Laura (January 2021). "High quality genome and transcriptome data for two new species of Mantamonas, a deep-branching eukaryote clade". bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524885 .