Melanophryniscus atroluteus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Paraguay, and southern Brazil. While in the past it was considered a subspecies of Melanophryniscus stelzneri, it might rather be conspecific with Melanophryniscus montevidensis. Common name Uruguay redbelly toad has been coined for it.
Melanophryniscus cambaraensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent freshwater marshes, and canals and ditches. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Melanophryniscus cupreuscapularis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Argentina. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Melanophryniscus devincenzii is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Argentina, Uruguay, possibly Brazil, and possibly Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent rivers, rocky areas, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Melanophryniscus klappenbachi is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in the Gran Chaco in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, and possibly in Bolivia. Its specific name refers to Miguel Angel Klappenbach, a Uruguayan zoologist.
Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It was for a long time only known from the type series collected in 1960, until another population was discovered in 2004. This was followed by the rediscovery of population at the type locality as well as few other populations, all in Rio Grande do Sul. Its common name is Torres redbelly toad, after the type locality.
Melanophryniscus montevidensis, also called "Darwin's toad," is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae and the genus Melanophryniscus found in Brazil and Uruguay. Like other amphibians in its genus, its bright colors, defensive behavior, and rapid metamorphosis make it stand out. It also has a myriad of chemical compounds on its skin that could be used in biomedical applications.
The Maldonada redbelly toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamps, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is known from São Lourenço do Sul in southern Brazil and from Uruguay. Populations in Uruguay were until recently considered a different species and assessed as being vulnerable.
Melanophryniscus rubriventris is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and canals and ditches.
Melanophryniscus sanmartini is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Uruguay and southernmost Brazil. Its natural habitats are grasslands and rocky outcrops. Reproduction takes place in small streams. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by exotic tree plantations.
Melanophryniscus spectabilis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is known from western Santa Catarina and southern Paraná states, southern Brazil. The specific name spectabilis refers to the showy color pattern of this species.
Melanophryniscus tumifrons is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hyperolius kivuensis is a frog species of in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, possibly Mozambique, and possibly Sudan.
The Krabi mouth-brooding betta, Betta simplex, is a species of gourami endemic to Krabi Province, Thailand. It inhabits karst springs and wetlands, where it lives amongst vegetation close to the banks. This species can reach a length of 8 cm (3 in). This species can also be found in the aquarium trade and is taken from the wild for this purpose. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being "critically endangered" due to over-exploitation and the degradation of its restricted habitat by pollution and development of the surrounding land for farming.
Arinia simplex is a species of small land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Diplommatinidae. It is endemic to Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Opisthostoma simplex is a species of minute land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Diplommatinidae.
Melanophryniscus dorsalis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae which is endemic to the coastal Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical sand dunes and nearby areas. It breeds in temporary pools.
Melanophryniscus peritus is a species of frog in the family Bufonidae. It is only known from a single specimen collected in 1953, and may be extinct.
