Mespilia globulus

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Mespilia globulus
Sea Urchin 2.jpg
Mespilia globulus. Note the radial symmetry and the presence and distribution of the spines
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Camarodonta
Family: Temnopleuridae
Genus: Mespilia
L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846
Species:
M. globulus
Binomial name
Mespilia globulus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Cidaris granulataLeske, 1778
    • Echinus alternatusDeslongchamps, 1824
    • Echinus atternatusBory de Saint Vincent in Bruguière, 1827
    • Echinus globulusLinnaeus, 1758
    • Echinus punctiferusBory de Saint Vincent in Bruguière, 1827
    • Mespilia globula(Linnaeus, 1758)
    • Mespilia globulus albidaH.L. Clark, 1925
    • Mespilia globulus pellocricaH.L. Clark, 1912
    • Mespilia globulus var. albidaH.L. Clark, 1925
    • Mespilia globulus var. whitmaeiBell, 1881
    • Mespilia globulus whitmaeiBell, 1881
    • Mespilia levituberculatusYoshiwara, 1898
    • Mespilia microtuberculataLambert & Thiéry, 1910
    • Mespilia whitmaei Bell, 1881
    • Salmacopsis pulchellimusYoshiwara, 1898

Mespilia globulus, the globular sea urchin, sphere sea urchin, or tuxedo urchin (trade name), is a sea urchin occurring in tropical shallow reef habitats. [1] The specific name refers to a small ball or spherule, describing its overall shape/morphology. [1]

Contents

Description

The species can have a diameter of up to 5 cm. It can be recognized by its radial symmetry and relatively small spines (reaching lengths of up to 2 cm), usually brown, red or dark in color. [2] The body features ten vertical zones that are not covered in spines which are distinct due to their vibrant shades of blue/green and can be described as having a velvety texture. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Mespilia globulus can commonly be found in shallow water, tropical, reef climates such as those in the Indo-Pacific. Coral community at Norman Reef.jpg
Mespilia globulus can commonly be found in shallow water, tropical, reef climates such as those in the Indo-Pacific.

They mainly inhabit shallow water reefs, coral rubble, and seagrass bed environments, generally at depths of 0–200 meters. [4] They occur in shallow, tropical waters in the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean as well as the south west coast of the western Pacific and Japan. [4] However, they are not constrained to this area, and can be found in most tropical environments near the equator, especially coral reef and seagrass bed environments. [5] During the breeding season, Mespilia globulus can be found abundantly near the coast, but are not as common there other times of the year as they migrate slightly off the coast when not breeding. [5]

Behaviors

Sea urchins feed in coral reef systems, seagrass beds, and fields of coral rubble by 'grazing', eating organic material that has settled or is growing on structure or on the sea floor, while exhibiting nocturnal foraging behaviors. They remain hidden in the coral structure or rocks present in habitat during the day. [5] Recent studies have shown that the presence of 'grazing' feeders, such as Mespilia globulus, significantly increases the survival and growth size of the corals. However, increased Mespilia globulus density has a negative effect on urchin growth as a result of limited food availability. [6]

This species has also been observed to agglutinate debris from its environment in an attempt to camouflage or protect itself. In the pet industry, M. globulus are said to be stressed or sick if they are not carrying any debris on their test. [7] M. globulus has also been observed living in symbiosis with other marine invertebrates, such as crabs, and can be parasitized by some gastropods. [8]

Commercial use

M. globulus are commonly purchased by saltwater-aquarium enthusiasts. Nano reef aquarium, May 2020.jpg
M. globulus are commonly purchased by saltwater-aquarium enthusiasts.

Mespilia globulus are commonly harvested and bred to be sold commercially as they are popular organisms to be put in recreational aquariums due to their vibrant colors and interesting morphology. They are popular for recreational aquariums as they are low-maintenance, and generally do not harm other organisms present. Currently, the pet industry relies on wild-caught M. globulus , as there are only several reports of successfully breeding them in captivity. [7]

Reproduction and life cycle

Like all sea urchins, Mespilia globulus is gonochoric (male and female sexes). Breeding season is typically from July to September in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. [9] Fertilization is often external and brooding is also common, where the eggs are held either on the peristome or deep into the concavities on the petaloid. [10] Clouds of sperm and eggs are released by the organisms and fertilization occurs in the water column. It is expected that in the future ocean acidification will threaten the sea urchins current process of reproduction. [11]

Related Research Articles

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A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine ecosystem</span> Ecosystem in saltwater environment

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Queen coris</span> Species of fish

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  2. Bell, F. J. On some genera and species of the Temnopleuridæ. London: Zoological Society of London.
  3. "Mespilia globulus (Oursin grimpeur)". AquaPortail (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  4. 1 2 3 "Digimorph - Mespilia globulus (globe urchin)". digimorph.org. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  5. 1 2 3 Waren, Anders (December 1980). "Descriptions of New Taxa of Eulimidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia), with Notes on Some Previously Described Genera". Zoologica Scripta. 9 (1–4): 283–306. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1980.tb00668.x. ISSN   0300-3256. S2CID   85007760.
  6. Craggs, Jamie; Guest, James; Bulling, Mark; Sweet, Michael (2019-09-10). "Ex situ co culturing of the sea urchin, Mespilia globulus and the coral Acropora millepora enhances early post-settlement survivorship". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 12984. Bibcode:2019NatSR...912984C. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49447-9. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   6737180 . PMID   31506526.
  7. 1 2 3 Michael (2021-11-25). "Tuxedo Urchin Urchin – Detailed Guide: Care, Diet, and Breeding". Shrimp and Snail Breeder. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  8. "Mespilia globulus (Tuxedo Urchin)". Reef App. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  9. Kobayashi, Naomasa (1967-01-25). "Spawning Periodicity of Sea Urchins at Seto -I. Mespilia Globulus-". Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 14 (5): 403–414. doi: 10.5134/175449 . ISSN   0037-2870.
  10. Kasahara, Mami; et al. (November 16, 2012). "Morphogenesis of Adult Traits during the Early Development of Mespilia globulus Linnaeus, 1758 (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 51 (8): 1481–1489.
  11. Smith, Kathryn E.; Byrne, Maria; Deaker, Dione; Hird, Cameron M.; Nielson, Clara; Wilson-McNeal, Alice; Lewis, Ceri (2019-07-24). "Sea urchin reproductive performance in a changing ocean: poor males improve while good males worsen in response to ocean acidification". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1907): 20190785. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0785. PMC   6661356 . PMID   31337311.