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A caltrop is an area denial weapon made up of two or more sharp nails or spines arranged in such a manner that one of them always points upward from a stable base. Historically, caltrops were part of defences that served to slow the advance of troops, especially horses, chariots, and war elephants, and were particularly effective against the soft feet of camels. In modern times, caltrops are effective when used against wheeled vehicles with pneumatic tires.
Tribulus terrestris is an annual plant in the caltrop family (Zygophyllaceae) widely distributed around the world. It is adapted to grow in dry climate locations in which few other plants can survive. It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions in southern Eurasia and Africa. It has been unintentionally introduced to North America and Australia. An aggressive and hardy invasive species, T. terrestris is widely known as a noxious weed because of its small woody fruit – the bur – having long sharp and strong spines which easily penetrate surfaces such as the bare feet or thin shoes of crop workers and other pedestrians, the rubber of bicycle tires, and the mouths and skin of grazing animals.
Tribulus is a genus of plants in the family Zygophyllaceae and found in diverse climates and soils worldwide from latitudes 35°S to 47°N. The best-known member is T. terrestris, a widespread invasive species and weed.
Acokanthera oppositifolia is a shrub used as the source of an arrow poison and to coat caltrops made from the sharp fruits of the puncture vine. All plants of the genus Acokanthera contain toxic cardiac glycosides strong enough to cause death. Acokanthera oppositifolia is widespread in southern and central Africa from Cape Province north to The Democratic Republic of the Congo + Tanzania.
T. terrestris may refer to:
Siruppanchamulam is a Tamil poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (Pathinenkilkanakku) anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 100 – 500 CE. Siruppanchamulam contains 100 poems written by the poet Kariyaasaan. He was probably a Jain by religious persuasion. This and the fact that he was a student of one Makkayanaar is known from the introductory poem of this book. The poems of Siruppanchamulam are written in the Venpa meter.
A bur is a seed or dry fruit or infructescence that has hooks or teeth.
Goat's head is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
Bindii, bindi, bindyi or bindi-eye may refer to the following plant species:
Brodiaea terrestris, the dwarf brodiaea, is a species of plant in the genus Brodiaea that is native to California and Oregon.
Zizeeria karsandra, the dark grass blue, is a small butterfly first described by Frederic Moore in 1865. It is found from the southern Mediterranean, in a broad band to India, Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Yunnan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman, New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia. It belongs to the lycaenids or blues family, and the tribe Polyommatini.
Lysimachia terrestris is a plant in the family Primulaceae.
Zizeeria knysna, the dark grass blue or African grass blue, is a species of blue butterfly (Lycaenidae) found in Africa, on Cyprus and the Iberian Peninsula.
Protodioscin is a steroidal saponin compound found in a number of plant species, most notably in the Tribulus, Trigonella and Dioscorea families. It is best known as the putative active component of the herbal aphrodisiac plant Tribulus terrestris.
Terrestris, terrestrial in Latin, is a species name present in a number of species Latin names:
The Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe is a montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregion found in parts of Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, and India.
Hyles livornicoides, the Australian striped hawk moth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Eugen Johann Christoph Esper in 1779. The larvae are known by the common name Yeperenye caterpillar.
Sticker grass is a common name which may refer to bur-producing plants including:
Tegostoma comparalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1796. It is found in Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, North Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, North Africa, India, Pakistan, the Near East, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, South Africa and Niger.
Microlarinus lareynii is a weevil of the family Curculionidae. It is native to interior regions of Italy, France and Rajasthan in India.
References
- ↑ "ITIS standard report - Microlarinus lypriformis (Wollaston, 1861)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- 1 2 "Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris)". University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. University of California, Davis . Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ↑ "Microlarinus lareynii (Jacquelin duVal)". Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (British Columbia) . Government of British Columbia . Retrieved 4 May 2014.
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