Miholjanec

Last updated
Miholjanec
Village
Raspelo u centru sela.Miholjanec.jpg
Roadside crucifix in the center of Miholjanec
CountryFlag of Croatia.svg  Croatia
Region Podravina
County Koprivnica-Križevci County
Municipality Virje
Area
  Total13.14 km2 (5.07 sq mi)
  Land13.14 km2 (5.07 sq mi)
Population
 (2001)
  Total399
  Density30.37/km2 (78.7/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)

Miholjanec is a village in Croatia and one of the oldest settlements in the country.

Contents

History

Ancient times

Miholjanec has been settled since at least the Iron Age. During the late Iron Age, the so-called bini populi ("two people") lived in the area that would eventually become Miholjanec. Historians[ who? ] are unclear on who exactly the bini populi were; through the years they have been variously identified as Latin Romans, Scythians, Hebrews, Greeks, Alans, Goths, and Germans. These people built a hill fort on a high plateau. The fort covered 6 hectares (15 acres) and was surrounded by a moat.

Middle Ages

In the 10th century, a vineyard was planted on a hill near Miholjanec. The vineyard's name is translated as is "the seat of the master of the mountain". [1] This vineyard still stands today.

In 1160, a plot of land was donated to the Knights Templar, who built a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This was the earliest historical mention of the Templars in Croatia and Hungary. [2] There is also a river near Zdelia that has been known by many names. [3]

In 1270, an unknown ancient castle was discovered on the land of Mikula. A parish church was built on the spot of the ancient castle in 1334 and called the church of Saint Michael. Miholjanec is named after the church.

After the dissolving of the Templars, the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem came to Miholjanec, who in 1358 swapped their plot in Miholjanec for another plot in another village. The parish church in that village, the Assumption of Mary, was given jus patronatus over a church of unknown location halfway between the village and Milengrad, where prisoners of war, war wounded, and war loot were sent. [4] [5] [6]

Early modern period

In 1673, when Miholjanec was part of the Military Frontier, there was a funfair and public bath house for border guard officers and other gentlemen. [7]

In 1676, a letter mentioned a contract between parishioners in Miholjanec and their parish priest. This letter confirmed all liberties afforded to the parishioners, but whoever disturbed church on Sunday would be required to pay 10 denarius (10 percent of a ducat) as punishment. In the same year 1676, a new wooden church was built in Miholjanec. [8]

In 1736, a great flood of the river Drava raised the waters for several months between Novigrad Podravski, Hlebine, Molve, and Virje. The people of these towns fled to the hill villages of Plavšinac and Miholjanec. This influx led to the rediscovery of Miholjanec's ancient vineyards. Soon after, 300 new vineyards were planted between Plavšinac and Miholjanec in Novigrad Podravski, which by that time had become the seat of a regiment. [9] [10]

In 1779, a new church was built, which stands to this day. During construction, a human skeleton was discovered under the stairs of the old church. In addition, a cenotaph was discovered in the village, which in the 1960s was dated to the late Iron Age, possibly 1209. [8] [11]

In 1780, it was agreed between the Franciscan monastery in Koprivnica and the General of the Military Frontier that begging in Miholjanec was the sole right of the Franciscans. [12]

Modern era

In 1836, Maria Theresa [ citation needed ] made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the ruins of the Roman aqueduct in Miholjanec, which comes down the street from St. Michael. Most of it is in ruins, but those of St. John, which is 12 Roman miles long, was more than only successful.

The regulation of the Drava river between 1830 and 1844 significantly reduced the frequency of flooding. Settlements in the hills around Miholjanec increased in population, which brought logging and a reduced acreage of forests. [13]

Twentieth century

In 1923, Miholjanec celebrated its 750th anniversary, with guests dancing on a natural dance floor with natural acoustics, similar to an amphitheatre. [14]

In 1937, Le Monde Slave (The Slavic World), published in Paris by Ernest Denis and Robert de Caix mentioned that the folks songs from Miholjanec had been examined in 1933, and fifty of those songs had been reproduced and recorded. [15] [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Šibenik</span> City in Šibenik-Knin, Croatia

Šibenik, historically known as Sebenico, is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia, where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County, and is also the third-largest city in the Dalmatian region. As of 2011, the city has 34,302 inhabitants, while the municipality has 46,332 inhabitants.

In Serbo-Croatian, hrvatski is the masculine adjectival form meaning "Croatian", both in the plural and singular; it is hrvatska in the feminine singular, hrvatske in the feminine plural, hrvatsko in the neutral singular, hrvatska in the neutral plural. The word hrvatski is also used to refer to the Croatian language, whereas Hrvatska is the native name for Croatia, the country. As such, all four forms commonly appear in native names of many Croatian government institutions, companies, political parties, organisations and sports clubs, as well as some place names. It may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Štrigova</span> Municipality in Međimurje, Croatia

Štrigova is a village and municipality in Međimurje County, in northern Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Percale</span> Closely woven plain-weave fabric

Percale is a closely woven plain-weave fabric often used for bed covers. Percale has a thread count of about 200 or higher and is noticeably tighter than the standard type of weave used for bedsheets. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and warps and washes very well. It is made from both carded and combed yarns, and may be woven of various fibers, such as cotton, polyester, or various blends.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hrvatska Kostajnica</span> Town in Continental Croatia, Croatia

Hrvatska Kostajnica, often just Kostajnica, is a small town in central Croatia. It is located on the Una river in the Sisak-Moslavina County, south of Petrinja and Sisak and across the river from Bosanska Kostajnica in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)</span> Medieval Kingdom

The Kingdom of Croatia, or Croatian Kingdom, was a medieval kingdom in Southern Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia, as well as most of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Croatian Kingdom was ruled for part of its existence by ethnic dynasties, and the Kingdom existed as a sovereign state for nearly two centuries. Its existence was characterized by various conflicts and periods of peace or alliance with the Bulgarians, Byzantines, Hungarians, and competition with Venice for control over the eastern Adriatic coast. The goal of promoting the Croatian language in the religious service was initially introduced by the 10th century bishop Gregory of Nin, which resulted in a conflict with the Pope, later to be put down by him. In the second half of the 11th century Croatia managed to secure most coastal cities of Dalmatia with the collapse of Byzantine control over them. During this time the kingdom reached its peak under the rule of kings Peter Krešimir IV (1058–1074) and Demetrius Zvonimir (1075–1089).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia</span> King of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1076 to 1089

Demetrius Zvonimir was a King of Dalmatia and Croatia from 1076 until his death in 1089. He was crowned as king in Solin on 8 October 1076. Zvonimir also served as Ban of Croatia (1064–1074), and was named Duke of Croatia in around 1075. His native name was Zvonimir; he adopted the forename Demetrius at his coronation.

Paul I Šubić of Bribir was Ban of Croatia between 1275 and 1312, and Lord of Bosnia from 1299 to 1312. As the oldest son of Stephen II of the Šubić noble family, he inherited the title of count of Bribir. He was appointed ban in 1273. He was relieved from duty in 1274, following his involvement in disputes between the Dalmatian coastal cities of Trogir and Split, and was returned to office in 1275.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otočac</span> Town in Lika-Senj, Croatia

Otočac is a town in Croatia, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see. It lies in the northwestern part of Lika region, in the Gacka river valley. The population of the administrative area of the Town of Otočac was 9,778 in 2011, with 4,240 in Otočac itself, the majority of whom were Croats (91%).

Janko Mitrović was a harambaša, and the commander of the Morlach army, in the service of the Republic of Venice, from 1648 until his death in 1659. He participated in the Cretan War (1645–69), alongside Ilija Smiljanić, as the supreme commanders of the Venetian Morlach troops, of which he is enumerated in Serb epic poetry. His son, Stojan Janković, followed in his father's footsteps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keglević family</span> Croatian noble family

The House of Keglević or Keglevich is a Croatian noble family originally from Northern Dalmatia, whose members were prominent public citizens and military officers. As experienced warriors, they actively participated in the Croatian–Ottoman and Ottoman–Hungarian wars, as well were patrons of the arts and holders of the rights of patronage over churches and parishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urošica</span>

Urošica was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. He was the younger son of Stefan Dragutin, King of Serbia 1272–1282 and Syrmia 1282–1316. Dragutin kept Syrmia after passing the rule to Stefan Milutin in 1282. Through mother Catherine of the Hungarian Árpád dynasty, the elder son Stefan Vladislav II was the Duke of Slavonia from 1292 and the King of Syrmia from 1316 until 1325. Urošica took monastic vows as Stefan (Стефан), and is venerated as a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church on November 11 [O.S. November 24].

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dobrilovina Monastery</span> Serbian Orthodox monastery

The Dobrilovina Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery in Donja Dobrilovina, Mojkovac, northern Montenegro. It is located on the left Tara river banks, in a region known as Potarje, at the beginning of the Tara River Canyon, the deepest river canyon in Europe. The village of Dobrihnina was mentioned in a Nemanjić charter in 1253, though the oldest preserved mention of the monastery dates back to 1592, when the Ottoman authorities allowed the locals to rebuild their monastery in Dobrilovina. In 1609, the current standing church dedicated to St. George was finished; the frescoes were finished by 1613. This church has been pillaged, abandoned, destroyed and renovated several times since its founding.

Paškal "Paško" Jukić was a preacher, musician, and professor of philosophy in the Makarska lyceum in present-day Croatia. He is best known for editing the Italian-Croatian bilingual newspaper Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin, considered to be the first periodical printed in Croatian, published between 1806 and 1810. Since Jukić belonged to a group of Franciscan friars who went on to become prominent figures in the cultural life of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 19th century, some sources compare him to other influential writers of the time such as Vuk Karadžić and Ljudevit Gaj.

Martin Dobrović or Martin Dubravić (1599–1621) was a Catholic priest. After finishing his education in Graz, he became a parson of Ivanić Grad and later became a priest in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivan Talovac</span> Croato-Hungarian nobleman

Ivan Talovac was a 15th-century Croato-Hungarian nobleman, a member of the Talovac noble family. He served as prior of Vrana from 1439 to 1445, as the first governor of Pakrac in Slavonia, and was a member of the Order of the Knights of Saint John.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipality of Žetale</span> Municipality of Slovenia

The Municipality of Žetale is a municipality in eastern Slovenia, on the border with Croatia. Its seat is the village of Žetale. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

The twelve noble tribes of Croatia, also known as twelve noble families of Croatia, was a medieval institution of nobility, alliance, or narrow noble community in the Kingdom of Croatia, which can be traced back at least to the 14th century, while the first mention of the institution was in the Pacta conventa document, which is supposedly a later copy of the original from 1102. Regardless of possible earlier references, the first verifiable mention dates from 1350, while the last from 1459. It is considered that by socio-economic power it was composed of lower and middle nobility, which had a privilege of retain and use of heirdom, tax exemption, and limited military obligations to the king. The twelve tribes are Čudomirić, Gusić, Kačić, Kukar, Jamomet, Lasničić, Lapčan and Karinjan, Mogorović, Poletčić, Snačić, Šubić, and Tugomirić.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonije Orešković</span> Serbian colonel (1829–1906)

Colonel Antonije "Ante" V. Orešković was a Serbian colonel and a Serb of Military Frontier origin.

References

  1. Monumenta spectantia historiam Slavorum meridionalium: Edidit Academia Scienciarum et Artium Slavorum Meridionalium, Volumes 7-8, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 1877.
  2. The Crusades and the Military Orders, page 246, Zsolt Hunyadi, József Laszlovszky, Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies, ISBN   978-963-9241-42-8
  3. Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus continuatus, Volume 1, pages 229-234, Gusztáv Wenzel, Eggenberger Ferdinánd Akademiai, 1860.
  4. Viteški redovi: Templari i Ivanovci u Hrvatskoj, svezak 18 od Analecta Croatica Christiana, p. 72, Lelja Dobronić, Kršćanska sadašnjost, Zagreb 1984.
  5. Vladimir Palošika, Glogovnica: Župna crkva uznesenja Marijina, Meridijani, Samobor 2010.
  6. Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu jugoslovenskih naroda, svezak 5, dio 27, p. 216, Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia), 1961.
  7. Geoadria, Year: 2001, Volume: 6, Issue: 1, Pages/record No.: 81-91, Hrvatsko geografsko društvo - Zadar, Odjel za geografiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, 2001., ISSN   1331-2294
  8. 1 2 Rad Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, Volume 406, page 52, Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts 1984.[ title missing ][ author missing ]
  9. Podravski zapisi: putopisi, p. 107, Ivo Strahonja, Muzej grada Koprivnice, 1979.
  10. M. LONČARIĆ, Bilogorski kajkavski govori i RASPRAVE ZJ 12/1986., Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics, YU, ISSN   0351-434X, UDK 808.62 = 800.87-087.2, Primljeno: 6/1985.
  11. Regesta documentorum regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae saeculi XIII., page 25, Croatia (Kingdom), Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, Typis officinae societatis typographicae, 1896.
  12. Vjesnik, svezak 9; svezak 11-14, p. 163, Croatia. Drzavni arhiv, Ivan Bojničić, Emilje Laszowski, 1907.
  13. Hrvatski geografski glasnik, Volume 70, page 56, Edition 2, Hrvatsko geografsko društvo, 2008.
  14. Slovenski etnograf, Volume 10-13, Etnografski muzej Ljubljana (Slovenia) 1957.
  15. Le Monde slave, Volume 14, page 160, Ernest Denis, Robert De Caix, published by Paul Hartmann, Paris 1937.
  16. Robert de Caix (biographical details)