Seyoum Mesfin Gebredingel was an Ethiopian politician and diplomat. He was Ethiopia's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2010 and served as Ethiopia's Ambassador to China from 2011 to 2017.
The Tigray People's Liberation Front,also called the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front,is a left-wing ethnic nationalist,paramilitary group,and the former ruling party of Ethiopia. It was classified as a terrorist organization by the Ethiopian government from May 2021 until its removal from the list in March 2023. In older texts and Amharic publications,it is known as Woyane or Wayane.
David Michael Satterfield is an American diplomat and ambassador,who has served extensively in the Middle East,including the Persian Gulf area,Lebanon,and Iraq. He later served as a senior advisor on Iraq for Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and was director general of the Multinational Force and Observers,the peacekeeping force for the Sinai Peninsula from June 2009 until August 2017. He was chargéd'affaires to Egypt from August 2013 to January 2014 and was subsequently Special Advisor to the Secretary of State for Libya. From September 2017 to June 2019 he served as the acting assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs,and was confirmed as U.S. ambassador to Turkey on June 27,2019.
Tigrayans are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group indigenous to the Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia. They speak the Tigrinya language,an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Ethiopian Semitic branch.
Ethiopia–United States relations are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and the United States. Ethiopia is a strategic partner of the United States in the Global War on Terrorism. The United States is the largest donor to Ethiopia:in 2008 U.S. foreign aid to Ethiopia totaled US$969 million,in 2009 $916 million,with 2010 estimated at $513 million and $586 million requested for 2011. U.S. development assistance to Ethiopia is focused on reducing poverty and supporting economic development emphasizes economic,governance,and social sector policy reforms. Some military training funds,including training in such issues as the laws of war and observance of human rights,also are provided.
Mary Catherine "Molly" Phee is an American diplomat who has served as assistant secretary of state for African affairs since September 2021. She previously served as the U.S. ambassador to South Sudan from 2015 to 2017. She is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of minister counselor.
Events of 2020 in Ethiopia.
The Tigray War was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between forces allied to the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side,and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.
This timeline of the Tigray War is part of a chronology of the military engagements of the Tigray War,a civil war that began in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia in early November 2020.
On 3–4 November 2020,forces loyal to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) launched attacks on the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command headquarters in Mekelle and bases in Adigrat,Agula,Dansha,and Sero in the Tigray Region,marking the beginning of the Tigray War. The Ethiopian federal government stated that these attacks justified the ENDF's military action against the TPLF,which,at the time the attacks occurred,held control over the Tigray Region. The TPLF described the action as "a pre-emptive strike."
Events in the year 2021 in Ethiopia.
The spillover of the Tigray War has had an impact on other countries in the surrounding region,particularly in Sudan. This spillover mainly consisted of Ethiopian refugees,more than 50,000 of which have crossed the Ethiopia–Sudan border. There have also been border clashes,mostly between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Ethiopian militias,but the Sudanese government has also claimed ambushes by the Ethiopian National Defense Force have taken place. Most of the fighting centered in Al-Fashaqa,a fertile plain claimed by both Sudan and Ethiopia.
All sides of the Tigray War have been repeatedly accused of committing war crimes since it began in November 2020. In particular,the Ethiopian federal government,the State of Eritrea,the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and Amhara Special Forces (ASF) have been the subject of numerous reports of both war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Beginning with the onset of the Tigray War in November 2020,acute food shortages leading to death and starvation became widespread in northern Ethiopia,and the Tigray,Afar and Amhara Regions in particular. As of August 2022,there are 13 million people facing acute food insecurity,and an estimated 150,000–200,000 had died of starvation by March 2022. In the Tigray Region alone,89% of people are in need of food aid,with those facing severe hunger reaching up to 47%. In a report published in June 2021,over 350,000 people were already experiencing catastrophic famine conditions. It is the worst famine to happen in East Africa since 2011–2012.
The Tigrayan peace process encompasses the series of proposals,meetings,agreements and actions that aimed to resolve the Tigray War.
Abiy Ahmed is currently the third serving Prime Minister of Ethiopia. In 2018,he became the first ever Oromo descent to assume the role of prime minister in the history of Ethiopia. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in his second year as a prime minister of Ethiopia in 2019 becoming the eighth African laureates to win the award for peace.
Albino Mathom Ayuel Aboug is a South Sudanese politician and diplomat. Aboug is a member of the South Sudan National Legislative Assembly and represents South Sudan in the Pan-African Parliament. Aboug had previously served in various diplomatic positions throughout Africa,most prominently as one of the peace negotiators during the Central African Republic Civil War. Aboug holds both South Sudanese and American nationality.
Since the start of Tigray War in November 2020,the Eritrean government has been heavily involved in the war against the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in support of the Ethiopian government.
The events of the Tigray War have sparked numerous reactions and protests worldwide.
The Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement,commonly called the Pretoria Agreement or the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA),is a peace treaty between the government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) that was signed 2 November 2022,wherein both parties agreed to a "permanent cessation of hostilities" to end the Tigray War. The agreement was made effective the next day on 3 November,marking the two-year anniversary of the war.
