194 to 195°C (381 to 383°F; 467 to 468K) (cis,cis-form, prisms from ethanol), 301°C (trans,trans-form, prisms from water), 190–191°C (cis,trans-form, needles from hot water)[3]
Muconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. There are three isomeric forms designated trans,trans-muconic acid, cis,trans-muconic acid, and cis,cis-muconic acid which differ by the geometry around the double bonds. Its name is derived from mucic acid.
trans,trans
cis,trans
cis,cis
trans,trans-Muconic acid is a metabolite of benzene in humans. The determination of its concentration in urine is therefore used as a biomarker of occupational or environmental exposure to benzene.[4][5] Synthetically, trans,trans-muconic acid can be prepared from adipic acid.[6]
cis,cis-Muconic acid is produced by some bacteria by the enzymatic degradation of various aromatic chemical compounds.
↑ Wiwanitkit V, Soogarun S, Suwansaksri J (2007). "A correlative study on red blood cell parameters and urine trans, trans-muconic acid in subjects with occupational benzene exposure". Toxicologic Pathology. 35 (2): 268–9. doi:10.1080/01926230601156278. PMID17366320. S2CID6392962.
↑ Curran KA, Leavitt JM, Karim AS, Alper HS (2013). "Metabolic engineering of muconic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Metab. Eng. 15: 55–66. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2012.10.003. PMID23164574.
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