Myosotis pulvinaris

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Myosotis pulvinaris
Myosotis pulvinaris 13094280.jpg
Myosotis pulvinaris cushion, just past flowering
Status NZTCS NT.svg
Not Threatened (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Myosotis
Species:
M. pulvinaris
Binomial name
Myosotis pulvinaris

Myosotis pulvinaris is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Contents

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis pulvinaris Hook.f. is in the plant family Boraginaceae and was described in 1867 by Joseph Dalton Hooker. [3] [2] [4] On the one hand, it is morphologically most similar to the other two cushion- or mat-forming species, M. uniflora and M. glabrescens. Myosotis pulvinaris differs from M. uniflora in its white corollas, and from M. glabrescens in its short filaments and anthers which are only partially exserted (i.e. the tips only surpassing the faucal scales), and its short calyx lobes which are shorter than half the length of the calyx. [5] M. pulvinaris is also similar to two other bracteate-prostrate species of Myosotis,M. retrorsa and M. lyallii. [5] M. pulvinaris - together with M. glabrescens and M. uniflora - differ from these two species in their compact cushion or mat habit and short one-flowered inflorescences, as well as leaves that are spirally arranged, imbricate, sheathing, smaller, with the widest point at or below the middle, and with sparsely to densely distributed, untidy, flexuous hairs on the underside. [5]

The type specimen of Myosotis pulvinaris is lodged at Kew Herbarium (K000787905). [6] [5]

The specific epithet, pulvinaris, is derived from Latin for cushion or pillow and refers to the cushion habit of this species. [5]

Phylogeny

Myosotis pulvinaris was shown to be a part of the monophyletic southern hemisphere lineage of Myosotis in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). [7] Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. [8] [7] The four sequenced individuals of M. pulvinaris did not always form a monophyletic group, but they usually grouped with M. glabrescens and some of the other bracteate-prostrate species. [7]

Description

Myosotis pulvinaris plants are tightly compacted cushions that can reach 50 cm in diameter. The many imbricate rosette leaves have glabrous petioles 1–7 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 1–6 mm long by 2–6 mm wide (length: width ratio 0.7–1.5: 1), broadly ovate to very broadly ovate, obovate to very broadly obovate, round, or orbicular, widest at or above the middle, with an obtuse apex. The upper and lower surfaces of the leaf are densely covered in long, flexuous, mostly appressed antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are oriented parallel to the mid vein; the leaf margin has patent to erect hairs. Each rosette has few prostrate to ascending, once-branched, bracteate inflorescences that are up to 70 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller, and decrease in size toward the tip. Each inflorescence has a solitary flower, borne on a short pedicel, with a bract. The calyx is 3–5 mm long at flowering and 4–6 mm long at fruiting, lobed to a third to half its length, and densely covered in long, antrorse, flexuous, appressed hairs. The corolla is white, up to 10 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are narrowly to very broadly obovate or ovate to very broadly ovate, and flat, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are partly exserted, with the tips only surpassing the scales. The four smooth, shiny, dark brown nutlets are 1.3–2.1 mm long by 0.7–1.0 mm wide and narrowly ovoid to ovoid in shape. [5]

The chromosome number of M. pulvinaris is unknown.

M. pulvinaris has M. uniflora type pollen. [9] [10]

It flowers and fruits from October–April, with the main flowering period December–February and the main fruiting period January–March. [5]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotis pulvinaris is a forget-me-not endemic to the mountains of the South Island of New Zealand. It is mainly found in Otago, but is also known from Westland, Canterbury and Fiordland from 1020–2130 m ASL. M. pulvinaris is common and locally abundant in subalpine to alpine fellfields and cushionfields in these areas. [5]

Conservation status

The species is listed as "Not Threatened" on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants. [1] [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myosotis chaffeyorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis chaffeyorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Carlos Lehnebach described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a creeping habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis bryonoma</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis bryonoma is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand.Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a creeping habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis retrorsa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis retrorsa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Myosotis umbrosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis albiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis albiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to southern Chile and Argentina. This species was described by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander in Joseph Dalton Hooker's 19th century work Flora Antarctica. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and have white corollas. It is one of two native species of Myosotis in southern South America, the other being M. antarctica.

Myosotis cheesemanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1886. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis colensoi</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis colensoi is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Kirk described the species in 1896. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

Myosotis glabrescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are tightly compacted, perennial mats with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis matthewsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis matthewsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis spatulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis spatulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Georg Forster described the species in 1786. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis tenericaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis tenericaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1918. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with creeping, sprawling bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis uniflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis uniflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion or mat habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and cream to yellow corollas.

Myosotis lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elderi</i>

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. elderi is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis elderi in 1961, and Heidi Meudt and Jessie Prebble treated it as a subspecies of M. lyallii in 2018. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas with partially exserted anthers.

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. lyallii is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described M. lyallii in 1853. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas, usually with exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis brevis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis brevis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. George Simpson and J.S. Thomson described M. pygmaea var. minutiflora in 1942, and Peter de Lange and John Barkla recognized it at species rank in 2010, as M. brevis. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are small and annual, with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, tiny white corollas, and brown or green leaves.

<i>Myosotis hikuwai</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis hikuwai is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Geoff Rogers described M. hikuwai in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are spring annuals with bracteate and erect inflorescences, and small, white corollas with inserted stamens. The species is considered Threatened and known only from one population near Wānaka.

<i>Myosotis venticola</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis venticola is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt and Jessica Prebble described M. venticola in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial with bracteate and prostrate inflorescences, and small, white corollas with partly exserted stamens.

Myosotis ultramafica is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Brian Rance described M. ultramafica in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial with bracteate and prostrate to ascending inflorescences, and small, white corollas with partly exserted stamens. This species is Naturally Uncommon and only found on ultramafic substrates.

<i>Myosotis pansa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> praeceps</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa subsp. praeceps is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was transferred to a subspecies of M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with partially bracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. 1 2 Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1867). Handbook of the New Zealand flora : a systematic description of the native plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec's, Lord Auckland's, and Macquarrie's islands. London: Reeve & Co. p. 193.
  3. ↑ Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  4. ↑ "Myosotis pulvinaris". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M. (28 February 2018). "Species limits and taxonomic revision of the bracteate-prostrate group of southern hemisphere forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae), including description of three new species endemic to New Zealand". Australian Systematic Botany. 31 (1): 48–105. doi:10.1071/SB17045. ISSN   1446-5701. S2CID   90834744.
  6. ↑ "Type of Myosotis pulvinaris". JStor Global Plants. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881. S2CID   254048318.
  8. ↑ Winkworth, Richard C; Grau, Jürke; Robertson, Alastair W; Lockhart, Peter J (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755.
  9. ↑ "Myosotis pulvinaris". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  10. ↑ Meudt, HM (1 October 2016). "Pollen morphology and its taxonomic utility in the Southern Hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 54 (4): 475–497. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343. ISSN   0028-825X. S2CID   89118799.
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