In the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) codes of Poland (PL), the three levels are:
| Level | Subdivisions | # |
|---|---|---|
| NUTS 1 | Macroregions (makroregiony) | 7 |
| NUTS 2 | Regions (regiony); coterminous with voivodeships, with one exception (Mazovian Voivodeship, which is split into 2 NUTS units) | 17 |
| NUTS 3 | Subregions (podregiony) | 73 |
The regional coding below was last verified on October 20, 2019. The current coding as well as the history can be found under http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/history
In the 2018 version, the codes are as follows: [1]
| NUTS 1 | Code | NUTS 2 | Code | NUTS 3 | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAKROREGION CENTRALNY | PL7 | Łódzkie | PL71 | Miasto Łódź | PL711 |
| Łódzki | PL712 | ||||
| Piotrkowski | PL713 | ||||
| Sieradzki | PL714 | ||||
| Skierniewicki | PL715 | ||||
| Świętokrzyskie | PL72 | Kielecki | PL721 | ||
| Sandomiersko-jędrzejowski | PL722 | ||||
| MAKROREGION POŁUDNIOWY | PL2 | Małopolskie | PL21 | Miasto Kraków | PL213 |
| Krakowski | PL214 | ||||
| Tarnowski | PL217 | ||||
| Nowosądecki | PL218 | ||||
| Nowotarski | PL219 | ||||
| Oświęcimski | PL21A | ||||
| Śląskie | PL22 | Częstochowski | PL224 | ||
| Bielski | PL225 | ||||
| Rybnicki | PL227 | ||||
| Bytomski | PL228 | ||||
| Gliwicki | PL229 | ||||
| Katowicki | PL22A | ||||
| Sosnowiecki | PL22B | ||||
| Tyski | PL22C | ||||
| MAKROREGION WSCHODNI | PL8 | Lubelskie | PL81 | Bialski | PL811 |
| Chełmsko-zamojski | PL812 | ||||
| Lubelski | PL814 | ||||
| Puławski | PL815 | ||||
| Podkarpackie | PL82 | Krośnieński | PL821 | ||
| Przemyski | PL822 | ||||
| Rzeszowski | PL823 | ||||
| Tarnobrzeski | PL824 | ||||
| Podlaskie | PL84 | Białostocki | PL841 | ||
| Łomżyński | PL842 | ||||
| Suwalski | PL843 | ||||
| MAKROREGION PÓŁNOCNO-ZACHODNI | PL4 | Wielkopolskie | PL41 | Pilski | PL411 |
| Koniński | PL414 | ||||
| Miasto Poznań | PL415 | ||||
| Kaliski | PL416 | ||||
| Leszczyński | PL417 | ||||
| Poznański | PL418 | ||||
| Zachodniopomorskie | PL42 | Miasto Szczecin | PL424 | ||
| Koszaliński | PL426 | ||||
| Szczecinecko-pyrzycki | PL427 | ||||
| Szczeciński | PL428 | ||||
| Lubuskie | PL43 | Gorzowski | PL431 | ||
| Zielonogórski | PL432 | ||||
| MAKROREGION POŁUDNIOWO-ZACHODNI | PL5 | Dolnośląskie | PL51 | Miasto Wrocław | PL514 |
| Jeleniogórski | PL515 | ||||
| Legnicko-głogowski | PL516 | ||||
| Wałbrzyski | PL517 | ||||
| Wrocławski | PL518 | ||||
| Opolskie | PL52 | Nyski | PL523 | ||
| Opolski | PL524 | ||||
| MAKROREGION PÓŁNOCNY | PL6 | Kujawsko-Pomorskie | PL61 | Bydgosko-toruński | PL613 |
| Grudziądzki | PL616 | ||||
| Inowrocławski | PL617 | ||||
| Świecki | PL618 | ||||
| Włocławski | PL619 | ||||
| Warmińsko-Mazurskie | PL62 | Elbląski | PL621 | ||
| Olsztyński | PL622 | ||||
| Ełcki | PL623 | ||||
| Pomorskie | PL63 | Trójmiejski | PL633 | ||
| Gdański | PL634 | ||||
| Słupski | PL636 | ||||
| Chojnicki | PL637 | ||||
| Starogardzki | PL638 | ||||
| MAKROREGION WOJEWÓDZTWO MAZOWIECKIE | PL9 | Warszawski stołeczny | PL91 | Miasto Warszawa | PL911 |
| Warszawski wschodni | PL912 | ||||
| Warszawski zachodni | PL913 | ||||
| Mazowiecki regionalny | PL92 | Radomski | PL921 | ||
| Ciechanowski | PL922 | ||||
| Płocki | PL923 | ||||
| Ostrołęcki | PL924 | ||||
| Siedlecki | PL925 | ||||
| Żyrardowski | PL926 |
In the 2015 version, the codes were as follows: [1]
| NUTS 1 | Code | NUTS 2 | Code | NUTS 3 | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REGION CENTRALNY | PL1 | Łódzkie | PL11 | Miasto Łódź | PL113 |
| Łódzki | PL114 | ||||
| Piotrkowski | PL115 | ||||
| Sieradzki | PL116 | ||||
| Skierniewicki | PL117 | ||||
| Mazowieckie | PL12 | Miasto Warszawa | PL127 | ||
| Radomski | PL128 | ||||
| Warszawski-wschodni | PL129 | ||||
| Warszawski-zachodni | PL12A | ||||
| Ciechanowski | PL12B | ||||
| Płocki | PL12C | ||||
| Ostrołęcki | PL12D | ||||
| Siedlecki | PL12E | ||||
| REGION POŁUDNIOWY | PL2 | Małopolskie | PL21 | Miasto Kraków | PL213 |
| Krakowski | PL214 | ||||
| Tarnowski | PL217 | ||||
| Nowosądecki | PL218 | ||||
| Nowotarski | PL219 | ||||
| Oświęcimski | PL21A | ||||
| Śląskie | PL22 | Częstochowski | PL224 | ||
| Bielski | PL225 | ||||
| Rybnicki | PL227 | ||||
| Bytomski | PL228 | ||||
| Gliwicki | PL229 | ||||
| Katowicki | PL22A | ||||
| Sosnowiecki | PL22B | ||||
| Tyski | PL22C | ||||
| REGION WSCHODNI | PL3 | Lubelskie | PL31 | Bialski | PL311 |
| Chełmsko-zamojski | PL312 | ||||
| Lubelski | PL314 | ||||
| Puławski | PL315 | ||||
| Podkarpackie | PL32 | Krośnieński | PL323 | ||
| Przemyski | PL324 | ||||
| Rzeszowski | PL325 | ||||
| Tarnobrzeski | PL326 | ||||
| Świętokrzyskie | PL33 | Kielecki | PL331 | ||
| Sandomiersko-jędrzejowski | PL332 | ||||
| Podlaskie | PL34 | Białostocki | PL343 | ||
| Łomżyński | PL344 | ||||
| Suwalski | PL345 | ||||
| REGION PÓŁNOCNO-ZACHODNI | PL4 | Wielkopolskie | PL41 | Pilski | PL411 |
| Koniński | PL414 | ||||
| Miasto Poznań | PL415 | ||||
| Kaliski | PL416 | ||||
| Leszczyński | PL417 | ||||
| Poznański | PL418 | ||||
| Zachodniopomorskie | PL42 | Miasto Szczecin | PL424 | ||
| Koszaliński | PL426 | ||||
| Szczecinecko-pyrzycki | PL427 | ||||
| Szczeciński | PL428 | ||||
| Lubuskie | PL43 | Gorzowski | PL431 | ||
| Zielonogórski | PL432 | ||||
| REGION POŁUDNIOWO-ZACHODNI | PL5 | Dolnośląskie | PL51 | Miasto Wrocław | PL514 |
| Jeleniogórski | PL515 | ||||
| Legnicko-głogowski | PL516 | ||||
| Wałbrzyski | PL517 | ||||
| Wrocławski | PL518 | ||||
| Opolskie | PL52 | Nyski | PL523 | ||
| Opolski | PL524 | ||||
| REGION PÓŁNOCNY | PL6 | Kujawsko-Pomorskie | PL61 | Bydgosko-toruński | PL613 |
| Grudziądzki | PL616 | ||||
| Inowrocławski | PL617 | ||||
| Świecki | PL618 | ||||
| Włocławski | PL619 | ||||
| Warmińsko-Mazurskie | PL62 | Elbląski | PL621 | ||
| Olsztyński | PL622 | ||||
| Ełcki | PL623 | ||||
| Pomorskie | PL63 | Trójmiejski | PL633 | ||
| Gdański | PL634 | ||||
| Słupski | PL636 | ||||
| Chojnicki | PL637 | ||||
| Starogardzki | PL638 |
In the 2008 version, the codes were as follows:
In the 2003 version, the codes were as follows:
Below the NUTS levels, the two LAU (Local Administrative Units) levels are:
| Level | Subdivisions | # |
|---|---|---|
| LAU 1 | Counties and city counties (Powiaty i miasta na prawach powiatu) | 379 |
| LAU 2 | Municipalities (Gminy) | 2478 |
Toruń is a city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its population was 196,935 as of December 2021. Previously, it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–1998) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921–1945). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the local government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is one of its two capitals, together with Bydgoszcz. The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz–Toruń twin city metropolitan area.
The Home Army was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej established in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939. Over the next two years, the Home Army absorbed most of the other Polish partisans and underground forces. Its allegiance was to the Polish government-in-exile in London, and it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000 and 600,000. The latter number made the Home Army not only Poland's largest underground resistance movement but, along with Soviet and Yugoslav partisans, one of Europe's largest World War II underground movements.
Railway electrification in Poland is the process aimed at increasing the efficiency of railways and improving the railway services offered by supplying Polish railways with electricity and implementing electric rolling stock, which replaces rolling stock with other drives, mainly conventional diesel traction. By the end of the 1970s, thanks to massive electrification and the introduction of a large amount of electric rolling stock into service, it allowed to replace a large number of steam locomotives and older diesel rolling stock. Despite the abandonment of works in the 90s, currently PKP and other entities managing the railway infrastructure, such as PKM or DSDiK, are working on the implementation or are already implementing the electrification of their lines. Currently, the electrification of railways in Poland is aimed at improving rail transport by increasing competitiveness and attractiveness and replacing diesel traction of national importance and saving fuel on regional lines and railways mains such as line 31 from Siedlce to Siemianówka, line 137 from Kędzierzyn-Koźle to Legnica and line 203 from Tczew to Kostrzyn.
