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國語推行委員會 Guóyǔ Tuīxíng Wěiyuánhuì | |
Agency overview | |
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Formed | 21 April 1919 |
Dissolved | 1 January 2013 |
Superseding agency |
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Jurisdiction | Taiwan (ROC) |
Agency executive |
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Parent agency | Ministry of Education |
Website | www |
National Languages Committee | |||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 國語推行委員會 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国语推行委员会 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | National Language Promotion Committee | ||||||||
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Name at creation | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 國語統一籌備會 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国语统一筹备会 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language | ||||||||
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Second name | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 國語統一籌備委員會 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国语统一筹备委员会 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language | ||||||||
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The National Languages Committee was established in 1919 by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of Standard Chinese (also called Mandarin) in the Republic of China. The committee was known in English as the Mandarin Promotion Council or the National Languages Promotion Committee until 2003,but the Chinese name has not changed. The phrase Guoyu (國語 "National language") typically refers to Standard Chinese,but could also be interpreted as referring to "national languages". [1] The reorganization of the Executive Yuan made the duties of the National Languages Committee be transferred to the Department of Lifelong Education's fourth sector (Reading and Language Education) from 2013. [2]
It was created as the Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language by the Republic (then still based in Nanjing) on 21 April 1919. On 12 December 1928,the commission was renamed to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language,headed by Woo Tsin-hang and had 31 members. The committee was revived in 1983 as the Mandarin Promotion Council based on Taiwan.
The decisions reached by the Council include:
The Committee for National Language Romanization (羅馬字母拼音研究委員會) under the Council selects and modifies Romanization Systems. The official Mandarin romanization systems in the Republic of China have been:
Since the Taiwanization movement took hold in government,the committee also handles:
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949). It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations,Singapore,and Taiwan. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect. Standard Chinese is a pluricentric language with local standards in mainland China,Taiwan and Singapore that mainly differ in their lexicon. Hong Kong written Chinese,used for formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macau,is a form of Standard Chinese that is read aloud with the Cantonese reading of characters.
Oden is a type of nabemono consisting of several ingredients such as boiled eggs,daikon or konjac,and processed fishcakes stewed in a light,soy-flavored dashi broth.
The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation was the organization established by the Beiyang government in 1912 to select ancillary phonetic symbols for Mandarin and set the standard Guoyu pronunciation of basic Chinese characters.
Standard Chinese is a standard form of Mandarin Chinese with de facto official status in China,Taiwan,and Singapore.
Taiwanese Mandarin,frequently referred to as Guoyu or Huayu,is the variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in Taiwan. A large majority of the Taiwanese population is fluent in Mandarin,though many also speak a variety of Min Chinese known as Taiwanese Hokkien,commonly called Minnanyu,Southern Min,or Hokkien. This language has had a significant influence on Mandarin as spoken on the island.
The languages of Taiwan consist of several varieties of languages under the families of Austronesian languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Formosan languages,a geographically designated branch of Austronesian languages,have been spoken by the Taiwanese indigenous peoples for thousands of years. Owing to the wide internal variety of the Formosan languages,research on historical linguistics recognizes Taiwan as the Urheimat (homeland) of the whole Austronesian languages family. In the last 400 years,several waves of Han emigrations brought several different Sinitic languages into Taiwan. These languages include Taiwanese Hokkien,Hakka,and Mandarin,which have become the major languages spoken in present-day Taiwan.
Singaporean Mandarin is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken natively in Singapore. It is one of the four official languages of Singapore along with English,Malay and Tamil.
Bopomofo,also called zhuyin or zhuyin fuhao,is a transliteration system for Standard Chinese and other Sinitic languages. It is commonly used in Taiwan. It consists of 37 characters and five tone marks,which together can transcribe all possible sounds in Mandarin Chinese.
Xianyou is a county in the municipal region of Putian,in eastern Fujian province,People's Republic of China.
Pengjia Islet,also known as P'eng-chia Hsü,Hōka-sho,Agincourt,Dashihshan Islet,Chaolai Islet,P'eng-chia Yü or Pengchia Islet,is an islet north of Taiwan and is administered under Zhongzheng District,Keelung City. It is under Taiwanese military control and cannot be visited by ordinary citizens.
Pitou Township is a rural township in Changhua County,Taiwan. The district had a population of 29,314 as of January 2023 and an area of 42.75 square kilometres (16.51 sq mi). One of the attractions in Pitou is the Kopok Flower Boulevard.
Yi Zuolin,aka Yi Jianlou,was a Chinese linguist,educator and philanthropist. He made important pioneering contributions to the studies of modern Chinese phonetics,phonology and grammar.
Differing literary and colloquial readings for certain Chinese characters are a common feature of many Chinese varieties,and the reading distinctions for these linguistic doublets often typify a dialect group. Literary readings are usually used in loanwords,geographic and personal names,literary works such as poetry,and in formal contexts,while colloquial readings are used in everyday vernacular speech.
Standard Singaporean Mandarin is the standard form of Singaporean Mandarin. It is used in all official Chinese media,including all television programs on Channel 8 and Channel U,various radio stations,as well as in Chinese lessons in all Singapore government schools. The written form of Chinese used in Singapore is also based on this standard. Standard Singaporean Mandarin is also the register of Mandarin used by the Chinese elites of Singapore and is easily distinguishable from the Colloquial Singaporean Mandarin spoken by the general populace.
Secondary education in Taiwan refers to the Taiwanese education system in junior high school and senior high school. Junior high school education is compulsory in Taiwan. Children and youths aged 6 to 15 are required to receive nine years of compulsory education. By law,every pupil who completed his or her primary education must attend a junior high school for at least three years,with exemptions to homeschooling and severe disorder or disabilities. Legal guardians of offenders may be subjected to fines up to NT$300,where penalties may be repeatedly imposed until offenders return to school.
The Bangka Park is a park in Wanhua District,Taipei,Taiwan.
The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms published on December 19,2001 and officially implemented on March 31,2002,is a Standard Chinese style guide published in China. It contains 338 Standard Chinese words that have variant written forms. In the First Series,one of the variant written forms for each word was selected as the recommended standard form.
The Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary (《教育部國語辭典》) refers to official dictionaries of Mandarin Chinese,specifically Taiwanese Mandarin,issued and edited by the Ministry of Education (Taiwan). Officially issued online versions of the dictionary include the Concised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary and the Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary (《重編國語辭典修定本》).
The Yeh Yung-chih incident was a campus incident involving sexual diversity issues in Taiwan. Yeh Yung-chih,a third-grade student of Gao-Shu Junior High School in Gaoshu Village,Gaoshu Township,Pingtung County,was bullied by some classmates because of his gender nonconformity. On April 20,2000,at 11:42,Yeh left the classroom early to go to the bathroom. He was later found seriously injured and lying in a pool of his own blood. He later died at a local hospital. This incident incited a discussion about gender education in Taiwanese society,which led to the revision of the original "Both Genders Equality Education Act" to "Gender Equity Education Act" in 2004. The education policy was also altered from a traditional view of sex into a more universal gender equality education system.
Chinese character sounds are the pronunciations of Chinese characters. The standard sounds of Chinese characters are based on the phonetic system of Beijing dialect.