National Library of Argentina

Last updated
National Library Mariano Moreno
Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno
Biblioteca nacional mmoreno logo.png
Biblioteca Nacional BA.jpg
The current building, photographed in 2013
National Library of Argentina
LocationAgüero 2502
Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Type National Library
Established1810;214 years ago (1810)
Architect(s) Clorindo Testa, Francisco Bullrich and Alicia Cazzaniga [1]
Collection
Size1,000,000 registries
Other information
Budget A$ 651,345,809 (2018)
Director Juan Sasturain
Employees746 (2020)
Website bn.gov.ar

The Mariano Moreno National Library (Spanish : Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno) is the largest library in Argentina. It is located in the barrio of Recoleta in Buenos Aires. The library is named after Mariano Moreno, one of the ideologists of the May Revolution [2] and its first director.

Contents

The National Library is an agency under the Ministry of Culture of Argentina.

History

Public Library of Buenos Aires

Originally named the Public Library of Buenos Aires and founded in September 1810 by decree of the first Government Junta of the May Revolution first Government Junta, [3] it later became the country's only national library when it redefined its mission in 1884 and formally changed its name to the National Library of Argentina. [4] The first headquarters, an old 18th century mansion that belonged to the Jesuits, was located on the corner of Moreno Street and Peru Street, within the historic Jesuit site known as the Manzana de Las Luces .

Mariano Moreno, the first director, prompted the creation of the Library as part of a package of measures aimed at forging a public alert towards political and civic life. [5] Moreover, the foundation of the Public Library was laid upon the vindication of public education and instruction as a means for building an autonomous country. The initial collection was interwoven with the struggle for independence and was gathered from the expropriated personal collection of Bishop Orellana as well as the patriotic donations of the Cabildo, the Real Colegio San Carlos, Luis José Chorroarín  [ es ], and Manuel Belgrano. The library's first chief directors were Dr. Saturnino Segurola and Fray Cayetano Rodriguez, both men of the Church. They were followed by Chorroarín and Manuel Moreno (brother and biographer of the founder). The lineage of directors which followed is still considered a crucial part of the Argentine intellectual and historic fabric: Marcos Sastre, Carlos Tejedor, José Mármol, Vicente Quesada, Manuel Trelles, and José Antonio Wilde.

National Library

When Buenos Aires became the capital of the Republic, the Public Library of Buenos Aires became the National Library and Antonio Wilde was appointed as its director. Wilde's tenure did not last long due to his old age and death after a sudden illness. Paul Groussac followed his directorship. Groussac created a methodical classification system based on Brunet's bibliographic model, undertook the cataloging of the manuscript collection, and published two remarkable journals: La Biblioteca, being one of the most prestigious literary journals, and Los Anales de la Biblioteca.

The former main building Ex Biblioteca Nacional (San Telmo).jpg
The former main building

Another milestone was the opening of the building on Mexico Street (in the Montserrat ward) in 1901, a building which was originally designed for the National Lottery. This is the reason early visitors unfamiliar with the story of the building were commonly surprised when walking a staircase adorned with lottery-ornaments. During Groussac's forty-year administration the library's patrimony was also enriched with many important donations including Angel Justiniano Carranza's personal collection, 18,600 volumes from the nineteenth-century legal expert Amancio Alcorta, and Martín García Merou's collection - which included valuable papers regarding the foundation of the city of Buenos Aires. Ironically, just as the former director Mármol and the future director, Borges, Groussac developed blindness. He still operated as the National Library's director for some years before dying in 1929.

In 1931 the widely known novelist Gustavo Martínez Zuviría was appointed as the Library's eighteenth director. During Martinez Zuviria's tenure the modernization of services and the growth of the library collection became his focus; both of which enhanced the nation's heritage. Among the many purchases and donations received, it is important to highlight his purchase of the Foulché-Delbosc collection.

The next director, whose presence is one of Argentina's key twentieth century intellectual figures, was Jorge Luis Borges. He managed the institution along with the vice director Edmundo José Clemente from 1955 through 1973. Shortly after his appointment he was informed that he needed to give up reading and writing because of his weakened vision.

New Building

Postcard depicting Unzue Palace before its demolition, c. 1900 Palacio Unzue (postal).jpg
Postcard depicting Unzué Palace before its demolition, c.1900

Clemente, his second-in-command and his close friend, was very involved in the construction of the new building, located at the site of the Unzué Palace, the official residence where President Juan Perón and his late wife Evita resided. Following a politically motivated demolition of the Unzué Palace in 1958, the grounds were designated for the library's new main building. The brutalist structure was designed in 1961, though construction did not begin until 1971. The new library was inaugurated on April 10, 1992.

The successive changes in government leadership and bureaucracies, along with certain indifferences towards cultural matters were factors that delayed the project originally envisioned by the architectural team of Clorindo Testa, Francisco Bullrich, and Alicia Cazzaniga. With the creation of the new building the need for trained staff for the library led to the founding of the National School of Librarians at the old building.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariano Moreno</span> Argentine lawyer, journalist, and politician

Mariano Moreno was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, and politician. He played a decisive role in the Primera Junta, the first national government of Argentina, created after the May Revolution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornelio Saavedra</span> Argentine military officer and statesman (1759–1829)

Cornelio Judas Tadeo de Saavedra y Rodríguez was an Argentine military officer and statesman. He was instrumental in the May Revolution, the first step of Argentina's independence from Spain, and became the first head of state of the autonomous country that would become Argentina when he was appointed president of the Primera Junta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugo Wast</span> Argentine novelist and script writer

Gustavo Adolfo Martínez Zuviría, best known under his pseudonym Hugo Wast, was a renowned Argentine novelist and script writer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domingo French</span> Argentine revolutionary (1774–1825)

Domingo María Cristóbal French was an Argentine revolutionary who took part in the May Revolution and the Argentine War of Independence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Groussac</span> Argentine writer and historian (1848-1929)

Paul-François Groussac was a French-born Argentine writer, literary critic, historian, and librarian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">José Mármol</span> Argentine journalist, politician, librarian and writer

José Mármol was an Argentine journalist, politician, librarian, and writer of the Romantic school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miguel de Azcuénaga</span> Argentine brigadier (1754–1833)

Miguel de Azcuénaga was an Argentine brigadier. Educated in Spain, at the University of Seville, Azcuénaga began his military career in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and became a member of the Primera Junta, the first autonomous government of modern Argentina. He was shortly exiled because of his support to the minister Mariano Moreno, and returned to Buenos Aires when the First Triumvirate replaced the Junta. He held several offices since then, most notably being the first Governor intendant of Buenos Aires after the May Revolution. He died at his country house in 1833.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zully Moreno</span> Argentine actress

Zulema Esther González Borbón, better known as Zully Moreno, was an Argentine film actress of the Golden Age of Argentine Cinema (1940–1960). She appeared in more than 70 movies, earning best actress awards from the Argentine Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the Spanish Cinema Writers Circle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilde, Buenos Aires</span> City in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Wilde is a city in the Avellaneda Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Wilde is the most populous district in Avellaneda, with a total of 65,881 inhabitants. It is a part of the Greater Buenos Aires urban agglomeration.

There are many landmarks in Buenos Aires, Argentina some of which are of considerable historical or artistic interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Congressional Plaza</span> Park in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Congressional Plaza is a public park facing the Argentine Congress in Buenos Aires. The plaza is part of a 3 hectare open space comprising three adjoining plazas to the east of the Congress building. The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the plaza.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Horacio González</span> Argentine teacher and essayist (1944–2021)

Horacio González was an Argentine teacher and essayist. Until December 2015, he was the director of the National Library of the Argentine Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julián Álvarez (lawyer)</span>

Julián Baltasar Mariano José Luis de la Santísima Trinidad Álvarez was an Argentine and Uruguayan lawyer and politician.

The Battle of Rodeo del Medio, fought in Mendoza Province, Argentina on 24 September 1841, took place between the Federalist army of Ángel Pacheco and the Unitarian army of Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid during the Argentine Civil Wars. The consequences of the Federalist victory would last for a decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palacio Haedo</span>

The Palacio Haedo is a 19th-century building on the Avenida Santa Fe in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located to the south of the Torre de Los Ingleses and the Plaza San Martín and Monument del libertador Jose de Plaza San Martín, in close proximity to the Consulate of Colombia and the Gran Hotel Buenos Aires. It was built in the late 19th century as a residence for the Haedo family by architects Passeroni and Brizuela in the Neo-Gothic style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuel Canaveris</span> Argentine army officer

Manuel Canaveris was an Argentine army officer, who took part in the defense and reconquest of Buenos Aires during the English Invasions. He served under Colonel Ignacio Álvarez Thomas in the 4th Regiment of Buenos Aires, participating in the Campaigns to the Interior of the Provinces of 1810.

<i>Caras y Caretas</i> (Argentina) Argentine magazine

Caras y Caretas is a weekly magazine of Argentina published from 1898 to 1941 in its first period of existence. There was a previous version published in Uruguay between 1890 and 1897. Caras y Caretas was relaunched in 2005 under the direction of historian Felipe Pigna, having been published since then.

Marie Anne Périchon de Vandeuil (1775-1847), known as la Perichona, was a French noblewoman, who had an active role in the politics of Buenos Aires during the last year's of Spanish rule over the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colegio del Uruguay</span> School in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos

The Colegio del Uruguay is an Argentine educational institution, created by then Governor of Entre Ríos Justo José de Urquiza in the 28th of July of 1849. It was the first in the country to be secular and free. Nowadays, it serves circa 1200 students.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unzué Palace</span> Argentine palace

Unzué Palace, also known as Quinta Unzué, was the presidential residence of the Argentine Republic during the presidency of Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955), and became a place of pilgrimage and cult after the death of Eva Perón in 1952. The building's symbolic importance was such that, after the military coup that led to Perón's downfall in 1955, the dictators who subsequently took power ordered its complete demolition, in order to erase all traces of its former occupants.

References

  1. Historia on BN website
  2. ¿Por qué Mariano Moreno?, Clarín, 25 May 2010
  3. Parada, A. E. (2003). Tipología de las bibliotecas Argentinas desde el período hispánico hasta 1830: una primera clasificación provisional. Información, Cultura y Sociedad, (9), 75+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A123635211/IFME?u=tamp44898&sid=bookmark-IFME&xid=324d194d
  4. Parada, A. E. (2018). La otra voz de la Historia de las Bibliotecas: Una proyección desde la Argentina y America Latina. Información, Cultura y Sociedad, (39), 5+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A570438280/IFME?u=tamp44898&sid=bookmark-IFME&xid=ea46639b
  5. https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/argentinian-history-biographies/mariano-moreno [ bare URL ]

34°35′04″S58°23′53″W / 34.58444°S 58.39806°W / -34.58444; -58.39806