New Zealand Subantarctic Islands

New Zealand Subantarctic Islands

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Location	New Zealand
Includes	Antipodes Islands Auckland Islands Bounty Islands Campbell Islands Snares Islands / Tini Heke
Criteria	Natural: (ix), (x)
Reference	877
Inscription	1998 (22nd Session)
Area	764.8 km2 (295.3 sq mi) [1]
Coordinates	50°45′S166°6′E / 50.750°S 166.100°E / -50.750; 166.100

The New Zealand Subantarctic Islands comprise the five southernmost groups of the New Zealand outlying islands. They are collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. ^[2]

Most of the islands lie near the southeast edge of the largely submerged continent centred on New Zealand called Zealandia, which was riven from Australia 60–85 million years ago, and from Antarctica 85–130 million years ago. They share some features with Australia's Macquarie Island to the west.

History

These islands were uninhabited at the time of European discovery, nonetheless, there is evidence of Māori and/or Polynesian visits to some of the island groups, and some were still known to Māori at the time of European contact.

• Antipodes Islands (Moutere Mahue)– Claims of a pottery shard found here in 1886, although this is contested. ^{[3] [4]}
• Auckland Islands (Motu Maha/Maungahuka) – Traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. ^{[5] [6]} This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known. ^[7]
• Snares Islands (Tini Heke) – The islands were already known to the Māori, who called one of the larger islands Te Taniwha ("The sea-monster"). They are visible from near Stewart Island in good conditions.

European exploration took place in the 19th century, often involving exploiting the natural resources of the area for sealing and whaling etc. Some shipwrecks took place in the region, with crews being forced to live off the land. Hardwicke on Auckland Island represents one of the few serious attempts by whites to set up a settlement in the islands, subsequently abandoned.

Until 1995, scientific research staff were stationed permanently at a meteorological station on Campbell Island. Since then, the islands have been uninhabited, though they are periodically visited by researchers and tourists. Protection of reserves was strengthened in 2014, becoming the largest natural sanctuary in the nation. ^[8]

Islands

Antipodes Islands

Antipodes Island, Bollons Island, the Windward Islands, Orde Lees Island, Leeward Island, South Islet

Auckland Islands

Auckland Island, Adams Island, Disappointment Island, Enderby Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island

Bounty Islands (Moutere Hauriri)

Main Group, Centre Group, and Eastern Group islets

Campbell Islands

Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku, Dent Island, Folly Island, Jacquemart Island

Snares Islands / Tini Heke

Alert Stack, Broughton Island, High Island, North East Island, Western Chain islets

Territorial claims

New Zealand also has territorial claims, held in abeyance under the Antarctic Treaty System, over several islands close to the Antarctic mainland, including:

• Ross Island and the rest of the Ross Archipelago
• Balleny Islands: Young Island, Buckle Island, Sturge Island, plus several smaller islets
• Roosevelt Island
• Scott Island and Haggits Pillar

Of these, Ross Island is inhabited by the scientific staff of several research stations, notably at McMurdo Sound and Scott Base.

Ecology

The Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty and Campbell Islands are collectively designated the Antipodean Islands in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions. The Snares Islands / Tini Heke are included with the South Island in New Zealand South under the scheme.

See also

• List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
• List of islands of New Zealand
  • New Zealand outlying islands
  • Solander Islands
  • Stewart Island
• Macquarie Island, an Australian administered island which neighbours these islands.

References

1. "Data Table – Protected Areas – LINZ Data Service". Land Information New Zealand . Retrieved 27 August 2019.
2. "New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. World Heritage List. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
3. "NGA-IWI-O-AOTEA". Te Ao Hou. 1967. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
4. "Captain Fairchild to the Secretary, Marine Department, Wellington". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1886 Session I, H-24. Wellington: Marine Department. p. 6. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
5. Anderson, Atholl (December 2005). "Subpolar settlement in South Polynesia" . Antiquity. 79 (306): 791–800. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00114930. ISSN   0003-598X.
6. "4. Early human settlement – Subantarctic islands". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
7. Don Macnaughtan (11 February 2014). "Mystery Islands of Remote South Polynesia: Bibliography of Prehistoric Settlement on Norfolk Island, the Kermadecs, Lord Howe, and the Auckland Islands" . Retrieved 30 May 2018.
8. Fox, M. (2 March 2014). "Birds, seals, penguins protected". Stuff News. Retrieved 9 August 2019.

External links

• Subantarctic islands, Department of Conservation
• UNESCO classification for the sub-antarctic islands
• Castaways: Wrecked on a subantarctic island – Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand