The true frogs, family Ranidae, have the widest distribution of any frog family. They are abundant throughout most of the world, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The true frogs are present in North America, northern South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The Asian range extends across the East Indies to New Guinea and a single species has spread into the far north of Australia.
Cephalotaxus hainanensis is a species of conifer known by the common name Hainan plum-yew. It is endemic to the island of Hainan in southern China. It is possibly a synonym of Cephalotaxus mannii.
The Hainan knobby newt is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found only in the island of Hainan, China. It is known from the Wuzhi Mountains, Diaoluoshan, and Jianfengling. All these locations are nature reserves. Nevertheless, the species is threatened by habitat loss and degradation due to agriculture, clear-cutting and infrastructure development for tourist activities.
Hyla simplex is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in southern Australia, Vietnam, and Laos. Frogs from Hainan Island can be treated as subspecies Hyla simplex hainanensis.
Amolops hainanensis is a species of frog in the family Ranidae that is endemic to southwestern and central Hainan, China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Nidirana adenopleura is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is found in Taiwan, south-eastern China, and in the Yaeyama Islands. Populations from Yaeyama Islands might represent a distinct, as yet undescribed species. The records from Vietnam and Thailand are uncertain.
The Emei music frog is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to China, and is found in central China, in southeastern Sichuan, northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces. The species name refers to the type locality, Mount Emei in Sichuan, and its vocalizing abilities. The original name Rana musica was replaced with Rana daunchina as the former name was already taken.
Odorrana hainanensis is a species of frogs in the family Ranidae that might be endemic to Hainan Island, China; there is one record from Guangxi. Prior to its description in 2001, it was confused with Odorrana andersonii.
Nidirana lini is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is known with some certainty from southern Yunnan (China), Laos, Thailand, and north-western Vietnam. It has been mixed with Nidirana adenopleura and Nidirana chapaensis; its exact distribution is unclear, in particular whether populations referred to as N. adenopleura in southern China to Zhejiang in the east belong to this species.
The Yunnan pond frog is a species of frog in the family Ranidae found in south-western China and possibly in adjacent parts of Myanmar. The total length of this medium-sized frog is 54–56 mm (2.1–2.2 in).
The Kampira Falls frog, also known as the Yaeyama harpist frog or harpist brown frog, is a species in the true frog family (Ranidae). Until recently known as Rana psaltes, it is found on Ishigaki and Iriomote in the Yaeyama Islands of Japan, as well as on Taiwan.
The Hainan gymnure or Hainan moonrat is a species of mammal in the family Erinaceidae. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was thought to be endemic to the island of Hainan, China where it is threatened due to habitat loss, but in 2018 was found to also occur in, and be rather common, within Northern Vietnam.
Alphonsea hainanensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to China.
Aristolochia hainanensis is a species of plant in the family Aristolochiaceae. It is endemic to China.
Begonia hainanensis is a species of plant in the family Begoniaceae. It is endemic to China.
Stenochlaena hainanensis is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Xenopeltis hainanensis is a non-venomous sunbeam snake species found in China and Vietnam. This is a primitive snake known for its highly iridescent scales. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Goniurosaurus hainanensis is a nocturnal species of gecko endemic to China, more specifically the island Hainan. Its common name is the Chinese cave gecko or simply cave gecko.
Gosner stage refers to a generalized system describing stages of embryonal and larval development in anurans. The Gosner system includes 46 numbered stages, from fertilized embryo to the completion of metamorphosis. It was introduced by Kenneth Gosner in 1960. The system is widely used in herpetology to describe exotrophic tadpoles. Gosner stages are based on certain morphological landmarks that allow comparing development in different species that may greatly differ in age or size.
